Performance of CaCl^sub 2^-reactor for application in ammonia-salt based thermal transformers

Thermochemical reactions, such as calcium chloride reacting with ammonia to form calcium chloride complexes, are attractive for application in heat pumps as they produce more heat per kg adsorbed sorbate but also adsorb a considerable higher amount of sorbate per kg of sorbent, compared to adsorbent...

Ausführliche Beschreibung

Gespeichert in:
Bibliographische Detailangaben
Veröffentlicht in:Applied thermal engineering 2017-11, Vol.126, p.518
Hauptverfasser: van der Pal, Michel, Critoph, Robert E
Format: Artikel
Sprache:eng
Schlagworte:
Online-Zugang:Volltext
Tags: Tag hinzufügen
Keine Tags, Fügen Sie den ersten Tag hinzu!
container_end_page
container_issue
container_start_page 518
container_title Applied thermal engineering
container_volume 126
creator van der Pal, Michel
Critoph, Robert E
description Thermochemical reactions, such as calcium chloride reacting with ammonia to form calcium chloride complexes, are attractive for application in heat pumps as they produce more heat per kg adsorbed sorbate but also adsorb a considerable higher amount of sorbate per kg of sorbent, compared to adsorbents such as zeolites. These benefits, however, come with together with a number of challenges. Firstly, the salts have poor thermal conductivity so the path from heat exchanger to the sorbent must be limited in order to allow for short cycling times and therefore high power density. Secondly, the salts typically swell and shrink upon (de)sorption, thereby easily losing their contact with the heat exchanger. To overcome these two problems, the salts are often placed in a matrix, such as expanded natural graphite (ENG) or zeolites. This paper shows the performance of a reactor containing approximately 1 kg of CaCl2 placed in a 1 kg ENG matrix. Its performance in terms of adsorption/desorption rates, heat input and output as a function of temperature and pressure gradients and under typical heat pump and transformer conditions is shown and compared with model calculations. The parameters used in the model calculations have been obtained from literature or independently measured using apparatus such as Rubotherm microbalance and a large temperature jump setup. The results show that material properties measured on small samples do not easily yield a proper description of the sorbent performance on kW-scale reactors. Some suggestions are made to improve future model description and experiments.
format Article
fullrecord <record><control><sourceid>proquest</sourceid><recordid>TN_cdi_proquest_journals_1966074344</recordid><sourceformat>XML</sourceformat><sourcesystem>PC</sourcesystem><sourcerecordid>1966074344</sourcerecordid><originalsourceid>FETCH-proquest_journals_19660743443</originalsourceid><addsrcrecordid>eNqNjMsKwjAQRYMoWB__MOA60JiYtuuiuHTh1paxplhJk5pJ_98KfoCre-EczowlIs8kP-hUz6cvDwVXUoglWxG90lTs80wl7HYxofWhR9cY8C2UWNqKxjvsKx4MNtEHmDjgMNiuwdh5B50D7HvvOuSENsIdyTwgPs2UsRADOvomTaANW7RoyWx_u2a70_FanvkQ_Hs0FOuXH4ObUC0KrdNMSaXkf9YHGMlFNQ</addsrcrecordid><sourcetype>Aggregation Database</sourcetype><iscdi>true</iscdi><recordtype>article</recordtype><pqid>1966074344</pqid></control><display><type>article</type><title>Performance of CaCl^sub 2^-reactor for application in ammonia-salt based thermal transformers</title><source>Access via ScienceDirect (Elsevier)</source><creator>van der Pal, Michel ; Critoph, Robert E</creator><creatorcontrib>van der Pal, Michel ; Critoph, Robert E</creatorcontrib><description>Thermochemical reactions, such as calcium chloride reacting with ammonia to form calcium chloride complexes, are attractive for application in heat pumps as they produce more heat per kg adsorbed sorbate but also adsorb a considerable higher amount of sorbate per kg of sorbent, compared to adsorbents such as zeolites. These benefits, however, come with together with a number of challenges. Firstly, the salts have poor thermal conductivity so the path from heat exchanger to the sorbent must be limited in order to allow for short cycling times and therefore high power density. Secondly, the salts typically swell and shrink upon (de)sorption, thereby easily losing their contact with the heat exchanger. To overcome these two problems, the salts are often placed in a matrix, such as expanded natural graphite (ENG) or zeolites. This paper shows the performance of a reactor containing approximately 1 kg of CaCl2 placed in a 1 kg ENG matrix. Its performance in terms of adsorption/desorption rates, heat input and output as a function of temperature and pressure gradients and under typical heat pump and transformer conditions is shown and compared with model calculations. The parameters used in the model calculations have been obtained from literature or independently measured using apparatus such as Rubotherm microbalance and a large temperature jump setup. The results show that material properties measured on small samples do not easily yield a proper description of the sorbent performance on kW-scale reactors. Some suggestions are made to improve future model description and experiments.</description><identifier>ISSN: 1359-4311</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1873-5606</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Oxford: Elsevier BV</publisher><subject>Ammonia ; Calcium chloride ; Chemical compounds ; Heat conductivity ; Heat exchangers ; Heat pumps ; Mathematical models ; Pressure gradients ; Studies ; Thermal conductivity ; Transformers ; Zeolites</subject><ispartof>Applied thermal engineering, 2017-11, Vol.126, p.518</ispartof><rights>Copyright Elsevier BV Nov 5, 2017</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><link.rule.ids>314,780,784</link.rule.ids></links><search><creatorcontrib>van der Pal, Michel</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Critoph, Robert E</creatorcontrib><title>Performance of CaCl^sub 2^-reactor for application in ammonia-salt based thermal transformers</title><title>Applied thermal engineering</title><description>Thermochemical reactions, such as calcium chloride reacting with ammonia to form calcium chloride complexes, are attractive for application in heat pumps as they produce more heat per kg adsorbed sorbate but also adsorb a considerable higher amount of sorbate per kg of sorbent, compared to adsorbents such as zeolites. These benefits, however, come with together with a number of challenges. Firstly, the salts have poor thermal conductivity so the path from heat exchanger to the sorbent must be limited in order to allow for short cycling times and therefore high power density. Secondly, the salts typically swell and shrink upon (de)sorption, thereby easily losing their contact with the heat exchanger. To overcome these two problems, the salts are often placed in a matrix, such as expanded natural graphite (ENG) or zeolites. This paper shows the performance of a reactor containing approximately 1 kg of CaCl2 placed in a 1 kg ENG matrix. Its performance in terms of adsorption/desorption rates, heat input and output as a function of temperature and pressure gradients and under typical heat pump and transformer conditions is shown and compared with model calculations. The parameters used in the model calculations have been obtained from literature or independently measured using apparatus such as Rubotherm microbalance and a large temperature jump setup. The results show that material properties measured on small samples do not easily yield a proper description of the sorbent performance on kW-scale reactors. Some suggestions are made to improve future model description and experiments.</description><subject>Ammonia</subject><subject>Calcium chloride</subject><subject>Chemical compounds</subject><subject>Heat conductivity</subject><subject>Heat exchangers</subject><subject>Heat pumps</subject><subject>Mathematical models</subject><subject>Pressure gradients</subject><subject>Studies</subject><subject>Thermal conductivity</subject><subject>Transformers</subject><subject>Zeolites</subject><issn>1359-4311</issn><issn>1873-5606</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2017</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><recordid>eNqNjMsKwjAQRYMoWB__MOA60JiYtuuiuHTh1paxplhJk5pJ_98KfoCre-EczowlIs8kP-hUz6cvDwVXUoglWxG90lTs80wl7HYxofWhR9cY8C2UWNqKxjvsKx4MNtEHmDjgMNiuwdh5B50D7HvvOuSENsIdyTwgPs2UsRADOvomTaANW7RoyWx_u2a70_FanvkQ_Hs0FOuXH4ObUC0KrdNMSaXkf9YHGMlFNQ</recordid><startdate>20171105</startdate><enddate>20171105</enddate><creator>van der Pal, Michel</creator><creator>Critoph, Robert E</creator><general>Elsevier BV</general><scope>7TB</scope><scope>8FD</scope><scope>FR3</scope><scope>KR7</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20171105</creationdate><title>Performance of CaCl^sub 2^-reactor for application in ammonia-salt based thermal transformers</title><author>van der Pal, Michel ; Critoph, Robert E</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-proquest_journals_19660743443</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2017</creationdate><topic>Ammonia</topic><topic>Calcium chloride</topic><topic>Chemical compounds</topic><topic>Heat conductivity</topic><topic>Heat exchangers</topic><topic>Heat pumps</topic><topic>Mathematical models</topic><topic>Pressure gradients</topic><topic>Studies</topic><topic>Thermal conductivity</topic><topic>Transformers</topic><topic>Zeolites</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>van der Pal, Michel</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Critoph, Robert E</creatorcontrib><collection>Mechanical &amp; Transportation Engineering Abstracts</collection><collection>Technology Research Database</collection><collection>Engineering Research Database</collection><collection>Civil Engineering Abstracts</collection><jtitle>Applied thermal engineering</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>van der Pal, Michel</au><au>Critoph, Robert E</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Performance of CaCl^sub 2^-reactor for application in ammonia-salt based thermal transformers</atitle><jtitle>Applied thermal engineering</jtitle><date>2017-11-05</date><risdate>2017</risdate><volume>126</volume><spage>518</spage><pages>518-</pages><issn>1359-4311</issn><eissn>1873-5606</eissn><abstract>Thermochemical reactions, such as calcium chloride reacting with ammonia to form calcium chloride complexes, are attractive for application in heat pumps as they produce more heat per kg adsorbed sorbate but also adsorb a considerable higher amount of sorbate per kg of sorbent, compared to adsorbents such as zeolites. These benefits, however, come with together with a number of challenges. Firstly, the salts have poor thermal conductivity so the path from heat exchanger to the sorbent must be limited in order to allow for short cycling times and therefore high power density. Secondly, the salts typically swell and shrink upon (de)sorption, thereby easily losing their contact with the heat exchanger. To overcome these two problems, the salts are often placed in a matrix, such as expanded natural graphite (ENG) or zeolites. This paper shows the performance of a reactor containing approximately 1 kg of CaCl2 placed in a 1 kg ENG matrix. Its performance in terms of adsorption/desorption rates, heat input and output as a function of temperature and pressure gradients and under typical heat pump and transformer conditions is shown and compared with model calculations. The parameters used in the model calculations have been obtained from literature or independently measured using apparatus such as Rubotherm microbalance and a large temperature jump setup. The results show that material properties measured on small samples do not easily yield a proper description of the sorbent performance on kW-scale reactors. Some suggestions are made to improve future model description and experiments.</abstract><cop>Oxford</cop><pub>Elsevier BV</pub></addata></record>
fulltext fulltext
identifier ISSN: 1359-4311
ispartof Applied thermal engineering, 2017-11, Vol.126, p.518
issn 1359-4311
1873-5606
language eng
recordid cdi_proquest_journals_1966074344
source Access via ScienceDirect (Elsevier)
subjects Ammonia
Calcium chloride
Chemical compounds
Heat conductivity
Heat exchangers
Heat pumps
Mathematical models
Pressure gradients
Studies
Thermal conductivity
Transformers
Zeolites
title Performance of CaCl^sub 2^-reactor for application in ammonia-salt based thermal transformers
url https://sfx.bib-bvb.de/sfx_tum?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&ctx_tim=2024-12-24T22%3A19%3A46IST&url_ver=Z39.88-2004&url_ctx_fmt=infofi/fmt:kev:mtx:ctx&rfr_id=info:sid/primo.exlibrisgroup.com:primo3-Article-proquest&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Performance%20of%20CaCl%5Esub%202%5E-reactor%20for%20application%20in%20ammonia-salt%20based%20thermal%20transformers&rft.jtitle=Applied%20thermal%20engineering&rft.au=van%20der%20Pal,%20Michel&rft.date=2017-11-05&rft.volume=126&rft.spage=518&rft.pages=518-&rft.issn=1359-4311&rft.eissn=1873-5606&rft_id=info:doi/&rft_dat=%3Cproquest%3E1966074344%3C/proquest%3E%3Curl%3E%3C/url%3E&disable_directlink=true&sfx.directlink=off&sfx.report_link=0&rft_id=info:oai/&rft_pqid=1966074344&rft_id=info:pmid/&rfr_iscdi=true