Raman-spectroscopic investigation of sulfate ion concentration change in a continuously stirred tank reactor during the preparation of a cathode material precursor
The concentration of sulfate ions was continuously monitored by Raman spectroscopy during the preparation of cathode material precursors. The obtained spectra were used for the quantitative analysis of sulfate ions by comparison with a reference solution, and a gradual increase of sulfate ion concen...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Electrochimica acta 2017-08, Vol.246, p.864-869 |
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| container_title | Electrochimica acta |
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| creator | Lee, Ilbok Kim, Jaekwang Kim, Daeun Kim, Hyosung Hwang, Kee Bum Son, Hyungbin Yoon, Songhun |
| description | The concentration of sulfate ions was continuously monitored by Raman spectroscopy during the preparation of cathode material precursors. The obtained spectra were used for the quantitative analysis of sulfate ions by comparison with a reference solution, and a gradual increase of sulfate ion concentration was detected. Using a mathematical approach, a time-dependent equation describing sulfate ion concentration was theoretically derived, and the calculated concentrations were compared with the measured ones, showing good agreement between these values. Due to the increased sulfate ion concentration, the metal hydroxide cathode precursor became more contaminated with elemental sulfur. Two as-obtained hydroxide powders with different sulfur impurity contents were calcined with a lithium source, producing cathode materials. Electrochemical analysis of the prepared cathode materials showed that morphological aspects (such as particle size) more highly affected the cathode performance more than the sulfur impurity content. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1016/j.electacta.2017.06.107 |
| format | Article |
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The obtained spectra were used for the quantitative analysis of sulfate ions by comparison with a reference solution, and a gradual increase of sulfate ion concentration was detected. Using a mathematical approach, a time-dependent equation describing sulfate ion concentration was theoretically derived, and the calculated concentrations were compared with the measured ones, showing good agreement between these values. Due to the increased sulfate ion concentration, the metal hydroxide cathode precursor became more contaminated with elemental sulfur. Two as-obtained hydroxide powders with different sulfur impurity contents were calcined with a lithium source, producing cathode materials. Electrochemical analysis of the prepared cathode materials showed that morphological aspects (such as particle size) more highly affected the cathode performance more than the sulfur impurity content.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0013-4686</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1873-3859</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2017.06.107</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Oxford: Elsevier Ltd</publisher><subject>Cathodes ; Co-precipitation ; Continuously stirred tank reactors ; Electrochemical analysis ; Electrode materials ; High Ni cathode materials ; Ion concentration ; Ion exchange ; Li-ion batteries ; Lithium ; Mathematical analysis ; Precursors ; Quantitative analysis ; Raman spectroscopy ; Reactors ; Spectrum analysis ; Studies ; Sulfate ion impurity ; Sulfur</subject><ispartof>Electrochimica acta, 2017-08, Vol.246, p.864-869</ispartof><rights>2017 Elsevier Ltd</rights><rights>Copyright Elsevier BV Aug 20, 2017</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c380t-a53e755009ed249b61358127087724ce363d8a263684b0b1e42f3b4df823741c3</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c380t-a53e755009ed249b61358127087724ce363d8a263684b0b1e42f3b4df823741c3</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.electacta.2017.06.107$$EHTML$$P50$$Gelsevier$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>314,780,784,3550,27924,27925,45995</link.rule.ids></links><search><creatorcontrib>Lee, Ilbok</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kim, Jaekwang</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kim, Daeun</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kim, Hyosung</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Hwang, Kee Bum</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Son, Hyungbin</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Yoon, Songhun</creatorcontrib><title>Raman-spectroscopic investigation of sulfate ion concentration change in a continuously stirred tank reactor during the preparation of a cathode material precursor</title><title>Electrochimica acta</title><description>The concentration of sulfate ions was continuously monitored by Raman spectroscopy during the preparation of cathode material precursors. The obtained spectra were used for the quantitative analysis of sulfate ions by comparison with a reference solution, and a gradual increase of sulfate ion concentration was detected. Using a mathematical approach, a time-dependent equation describing sulfate ion concentration was theoretically derived, and the calculated concentrations were compared with the measured ones, showing good agreement between these values. Due to the increased sulfate ion concentration, the metal hydroxide cathode precursor became more contaminated with elemental sulfur. Two as-obtained hydroxide powders with different sulfur impurity contents were calcined with a lithium source, producing cathode materials. Electrochemical analysis of the prepared cathode materials showed that morphological aspects (such as particle size) more highly affected the cathode performance more than the sulfur impurity content.</description><subject>Cathodes</subject><subject>Co-precipitation</subject><subject>Continuously stirred tank reactors</subject><subject>Electrochemical analysis</subject><subject>Electrode materials</subject><subject>High Ni cathode materials</subject><subject>Ion concentration</subject><subject>Ion exchange</subject><subject>Li-ion batteries</subject><subject>Lithium</subject><subject>Mathematical analysis</subject><subject>Precursors</subject><subject>Quantitative analysis</subject><subject>Raman spectroscopy</subject><subject>Reactors</subject><subject>Spectrum analysis</subject><subject>Studies</subject><subject>Sulfate ion impurity</subject><subject>Sulfur</subject><issn>0013-4686</issn><issn>1873-3859</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2017</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><recordid>eNqFUdFq3DAQFKWBXJN-QwR99nVl2ZLuMYS2KQQKpX0WOnl9p6tPcldyIN_TH63MlbwWBELMzI52hrE7AVsBQn08bXFCX1w92xaE3oKqgH7DNsJo2UjT796yDYCQTaeMumbvcj4BgFYaNuzPd3d2sclzHUEp-zQHz0N8xlzCwZWQIk8jz8s0uoJ8ffoUPcZCF9AfXTxUIHK3IiXEJS15euFVT4QDLy7-4oT1e4n4sFCIB16OyGfC2dGrQ1W7ckwD8nM1ouCmleEXyolu2dXopozv_9037OfnTz8eHpunb1--Ptw_NV4aKI3rJeq-B9jh0Ha7vRKyN6LVYLRuO49SycG4Vklluj3sBXbtKPfdMJpW6k54ecM-XObOlH4vNQF7SgvFamnFrtdtq6DvKktfWL7mlQlHO1M4O3qxAuzaiD3Z10bs2ogFVQFdlfcXJdYlngOSzT5gTXMIddVihxT-O-MvjNaciQ</recordid><startdate>20170820</startdate><enddate>20170820</enddate><creator>Lee, Ilbok</creator><creator>Kim, Jaekwang</creator><creator>Kim, Daeun</creator><creator>Kim, Hyosung</creator><creator>Hwang, Kee Bum</creator><creator>Son, Hyungbin</creator><creator>Yoon, Songhun</creator><general>Elsevier Ltd</general><general>Elsevier BV</general><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7SR</scope><scope>7U5</scope><scope>8BQ</scope><scope>8FD</scope><scope>JG9</scope><scope>L7M</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20170820</creationdate><title>Raman-spectroscopic investigation of sulfate ion concentration change in a continuously stirred tank reactor during the preparation of a cathode material precursor</title><author>Lee, Ilbok ; Kim, Jaekwang ; Kim, Daeun ; Kim, Hyosung ; Hwang, Kee Bum ; Son, Hyungbin ; Yoon, Songhun</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c380t-a53e755009ed249b61358127087724ce363d8a263684b0b1e42f3b4df823741c3</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2017</creationdate><topic>Cathodes</topic><topic>Co-precipitation</topic><topic>Continuously stirred tank reactors</topic><topic>Electrochemical analysis</topic><topic>Electrode materials</topic><topic>High Ni cathode materials</topic><topic>Ion concentration</topic><topic>Ion exchange</topic><topic>Li-ion batteries</topic><topic>Lithium</topic><topic>Mathematical analysis</topic><topic>Precursors</topic><topic>Quantitative analysis</topic><topic>Raman spectroscopy</topic><topic>Reactors</topic><topic>Spectrum analysis</topic><topic>Studies</topic><topic>Sulfate ion impurity</topic><topic>Sulfur</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Lee, Ilbok</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kim, Jaekwang</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kim, Daeun</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kim, Hyosung</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Hwang, Kee Bum</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Son, Hyungbin</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Yoon, Songhun</creatorcontrib><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>Engineered Materials Abstracts</collection><collection>Solid State and Superconductivity Abstracts</collection><collection>METADEX</collection><collection>Technology Research Database</collection><collection>Materials Research Database</collection><collection>Advanced Technologies Database with Aerospace</collection><jtitle>Electrochimica acta</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Lee, Ilbok</au><au>Kim, Jaekwang</au><au>Kim, Daeun</au><au>Kim, Hyosung</au><au>Hwang, Kee Bum</au><au>Son, Hyungbin</au><au>Yoon, Songhun</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Raman-spectroscopic investigation of sulfate ion concentration change in a continuously stirred tank reactor during the preparation of a cathode material precursor</atitle><jtitle>Electrochimica acta</jtitle><date>2017-08-20</date><risdate>2017</risdate><volume>246</volume><spage>864</spage><epage>869</epage><pages>864-869</pages><issn>0013-4686</issn><eissn>1873-3859</eissn><abstract>The concentration of sulfate ions was continuously monitored by Raman spectroscopy during the preparation of cathode material precursors. The obtained spectra were used for the quantitative analysis of sulfate ions by comparison with a reference solution, and a gradual increase of sulfate ion concentration was detected. Using a mathematical approach, a time-dependent equation describing sulfate ion concentration was theoretically derived, and the calculated concentrations were compared with the measured ones, showing good agreement between these values. Due to the increased sulfate ion concentration, the metal hydroxide cathode precursor became more contaminated with elemental sulfur. Two as-obtained hydroxide powders with different sulfur impurity contents were calcined with a lithium source, producing cathode materials. Electrochemical analysis of the prepared cathode materials showed that morphological aspects (such as particle size) more highly affected the cathode performance more than the sulfur impurity content.</abstract><cop>Oxford</cop><pub>Elsevier Ltd</pub><doi>10.1016/j.electacta.2017.06.107</doi><tpages>6</tpages></addata></record> |
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| language | eng |
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| source | Elsevier ScienceDirect Journals Complete |
| subjects | Cathodes Co-precipitation Continuously stirred tank reactors Electrochemical analysis Electrode materials High Ni cathode materials Ion concentration Ion exchange Li-ion batteries Lithium Mathematical analysis Precursors Quantitative analysis Raman spectroscopy Reactors Spectrum analysis Studies Sulfate ion impurity Sulfur |
| title | Raman-spectroscopic investigation of sulfate ion concentration change in a continuously stirred tank reactor during the preparation of a cathode material precursor |
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