GW28-e0646 Echinacoside protects against high glucose-induced oxidative stress in vascular endothelial cells through Nrf2/HO-1 dependent pathway

The present study aimed to further implore the protective role of echinacoside in endothelial injury induced by high glucose and whether the endogenous antioxidant gene regulator, nuclear factor erythroid-2-related factor 2(Nrf2)/ heme oxygenase 1(HO-1)was involved in the effect of echinacoside against oxidative stress. [...]it was also found that echinacoside promoted phosphorylation of Akt and increased Nrf2 transcription action by echinacoside was blocked by the Akt inhibitor MK2206 and Akt negative regulators PTEN, which was accompanied by increase in nuclear accumulation of Fyn.