Mechanical and rheometric properties of gilsonite/carbon black/natural rubber compounds cured using conventional and efficient vulcanization systems
The effect of adding gilsonite micrometric particles on the properties of N330 carbon black (CB) reinforced natural rubber (NR) compounds was investigated. Formulations with 30/0, 22.5/7.5, 15/15, 7.5/22.5 and 0/30 parts per hundred of rubber (phr) of CB/gilsonite were used, comparing the effect of...
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| creator | Vélez, Juan Sebastián Velásquez, Sandra Giraldo, Diego |
| description | The effect of adding gilsonite micrometric particles on the properties of N330 carbon black (CB) reinforced natural rubber (NR) compounds was investigated. Formulations with 30/0, 22.5/7.5, 15/15, 7.5/22.5 and 0/30 parts per hundred of rubber (phr) of CB/gilsonite were used, comparing the effect of conventional and efficient vulcanization systems. Gilsonite was characterized by X-ray fluorescence (XRF), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), elemental analysis, X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Tension, uniaxial compression, compression-set, abrasion resistance and dielectric strength tests were carried out on specimens that were moulded using the optimal curing time measured by oscillating disc rheometry (ODR). Abrasion wear resistance, and mechanical and rheometric properties varied with the CB/gilsonite content and on the vulcanization system. It was found that gilsonite facilitated the incorporation of carbon black during mixing, diminished the reversion during rheometric tests of compounds with efficient vulcanization cure systems and increased the dielectric strength. Some gilsonite/CB/NR compounds showed similar rheometric properties, compressive modulus and wear resistance to CB/NR compounds, which evidenced the use of gilsonite as an available filler for NR-based materials. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1016/j.polymertesting.2016.09.005 |
| format | Article |
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Formulations with 30/0, 22.5/7.5, 15/15, 7.5/22.5 and 0/30 parts per hundred of rubber (phr) of CB/gilsonite were used, comparing the effect of conventional and efficient vulcanization systems. Gilsonite was characterized by X-ray fluorescence (XRF), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), elemental analysis, X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Tension, uniaxial compression, compression-set, abrasion resistance and dielectric strength tests were carried out on specimens that were moulded using the optimal curing time measured by oscillating disc rheometry (ODR). Abrasion wear resistance, and mechanical and rheometric properties varied with the CB/gilsonite content and on the vulcanization system. It was found that gilsonite facilitated the incorporation of carbon black during mixing, diminished the reversion during rheometric tests of compounds with efficient vulcanization cure systems and increased the dielectric strength. Some gilsonite/CB/NR compounds showed similar rheometric properties, compressive modulus and wear resistance to CB/NR compounds, which evidenced the use of gilsonite as an available filler for NR-based materials.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0142-9418</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1873-2348</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1016/j.polymertesting.2016.09.005</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Barking: Elsevier Ltd</publisher><subject>Abrasion resistance ; Carbon ; Carbon black ; Compression tests ; Compressive strength ; Dielectric properties ; Dielectric strength ; Formulations ; Gilsonite ; Modulus of elasticity ; Natural rubber ; Particle physics ; Reversion ; Rheometry ; Rubber ; Rubber-filler interaction ; Scanning electron microscopy ; Studies ; Thermogravimetric analysis ; Vulcanization ; Vulcanization systems ; Wear resistance ; X ray fluorescence analysis ; X-ray diffraction</subject><ispartof>Polymer testing, 2016-12, Vol.56, p.1-9</ispartof><rights>2016 Elsevier Ltd</rights><rights>Copyright Elsevier BV Dec 2016</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c395t-7a9d681638df683493120531e078add638b8e8ecd1bc08297d5367f992f748163</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c395t-7a9d681638df683493120531e078add638b8e8ecd1bc08297d5367f992f748163</cites><orcidid>0000-0002-4306-9978</orcidid></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.polymertesting.2016.09.005$$EHTML$$P50$$Gelsevier$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>314,780,784,3548,27923,27924,45994</link.rule.ids></links><search><creatorcontrib>Vélez, Juan Sebastián</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Velásquez, Sandra</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Giraldo, Diego</creatorcontrib><title>Mechanical and rheometric properties of gilsonite/carbon black/natural rubber compounds cured using conventional and efficient vulcanization systems</title><title>Polymer testing</title><description>The effect of adding gilsonite micrometric particles on the properties of N330 carbon black (CB) reinforced natural rubber (NR) compounds was investigated. Formulations with 30/0, 22.5/7.5, 15/15, 7.5/22.5 and 0/30 parts per hundred of rubber (phr) of CB/gilsonite were used, comparing the effect of conventional and efficient vulcanization systems. Gilsonite was characterized by X-ray fluorescence (XRF), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), elemental analysis, X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Tension, uniaxial compression, compression-set, abrasion resistance and dielectric strength tests were carried out on specimens that were moulded using the optimal curing time measured by oscillating disc rheometry (ODR). Abrasion wear resistance, and mechanical and rheometric properties varied with the CB/gilsonite content and on the vulcanization system. It was found that gilsonite facilitated the incorporation of carbon black during mixing, diminished the reversion during rheometric tests of compounds with efficient vulcanization cure systems and increased the dielectric strength. Some gilsonite/CB/NR compounds showed similar rheometric properties, compressive modulus and wear resistance to CB/NR compounds, which evidenced the use of gilsonite as an available filler for NR-based materials.</description><subject>Abrasion resistance</subject><subject>Carbon</subject><subject>Carbon black</subject><subject>Compression tests</subject><subject>Compressive strength</subject><subject>Dielectric properties</subject><subject>Dielectric strength</subject><subject>Formulations</subject><subject>Gilsonite</subject><subject>Modulus of elasticity</subject><subject>Natural rubber</subject><subject>Particle physics</subject><subject>Reversion</subject><subject>Rheometry</subject><subject>Rubber</subject><subject>Rubber-filler interaction</subject><subject>Scanning electron microscopy</subject><subject>Studies</subject><subject>Thermogravimetric analysis</subject><subject>Vulcanization</subject><subject>Vulcanization systems</subject><subject>Wear resistance</subject><subject>X ray fluorescence analysis</subject><subject>X-ray diffraction</subject><issn>0142-9418</issn><issn>1873-2348</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2016</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><recordid>eNqNUcFu1DAUtCqQurT8gyW4Jmsn2diWuKCKAlIRFzhbjv3SeknsYDsrLd_RD-ZF2ws3TpbGM_PevCHkPWc1Z7zfH-slTucZUoFcfHisG0RrpmrGDldkx6Voq6bt5CuyY7xrKtVxeU3e5HxkyEDujjx_A_tkgrdmoiY4mp4gzlCSt3RJcUFrD5nGkT76KcfgC-ytSUMMdJiM_bUPpqwJtWkdBkjUxnmJa3CZ2jWBo2vGtRANJwjFx_AyBcbRW48QPa2TxfF_zPZL8zkXmPMteT2aKcPbl_eG_Lz_9OPuS_Xw_fPXu48PlW3VoVTCKNdL3rfSjb1sO9Xyhh1aDkxI4xzigwQJ1vHBMtko4Q5tL0almlF0m-6GvLv4YtTfK95QH-OacMmsueoUU1wIgawPF5ZNMecEo16Sn006a8701oM-6n970FsPmimNV0b5_UUOmOTkIem8RbfgfAJbtIv-_4z-Aqbinr4</recordid><startdate>20161201</startdate><enddate>20161201</enddate><creator>Vélez, Juan Sebastián</creator><creator>Velásquez, Sandra</creator><creator>Giraldo, Diego</creator><general>Elsevier Ltd</general><general>Elsevier BV</general><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7SR</scope><scope>8FD</scope><scope>JG9</scope><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4306-9978</orcidid></search><sort><creationdate>20161201</creationdate><title>Mechanical and rheometric properties of gilsonite/carbon black/natural rubber compounds cured using conventional and efficient vulcanization systems</title><author>Vélez, Juan Sebastián ; Velásquez, Sandra ; Giraldo, Diego</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c395t-7a9d681638df683493120531e078add638b8e8ecd1bc08297d5367f992f748163</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2016</creationdate><topic>Abrasion resistance</topic><topic>Carbon</topic><topic>Carbon black</topic><topic>Compression tests</topic><topic>Compressive strength</topic><topic>Dielectric properties</topic><topic>Dielectric strength</topic><topic>Formulations</topic><topic>Gilsonite</topic><topic>Modulus of elasticity</topic><topic>Natural rubber</topic><topic>Particle physics</topic><topic>Reversion</topic><topic>Rheometry</topic><topic>Rubber</topic><topic>Rubber-filler interaction</topic><topic>Scanning electron microscopy</topic><topic>Studies</topic><topic>Thermogravimetric analysis</topic><topic>Vulcanization</topic><topic>Vulcanization systems</topic><topic>Wear resistance</topic><topic>X ray fluorescence analysis</topic><topic>X-ray diffraction</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Vélez, Juan Sebastián</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Velásquez, Sandra</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Giraldo, Diego</creatorcontrib><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>Engineered Materials Abstracts</collection><collection>Technology Research Database</collection><collection>Materials Research Database</collection><jtitle>Polymer testing</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Vélez, Juan Sebastián</au><au>Velásquez, Sandra</au><au>Giraldo, Diego</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Mechanical and rheometric properties of gilsonite/carbon black/natural rubber compounds cured using conventional and efficient vulcanization systems</atitle><jtitle>Polymer testing</jtitle><date>2016-12-01</date><risdate>2016</risdate><volume>56</volume><spage>1</spage><epage>9</epage><pages>1-9</pages><issn>0142-9418</issn><eissn>1873-2348</eissn><abstract>The effect of adding gilsonite micrometric particles on the properties of N330 carbon black (CB) reinforced natural rubber (NR) compounds was investigated. Formulations with 30/0, 22.5/7.5, 15/15, 7.5/22.5 and 0/30 parts per hundred of rubber (phr) of CB/gilsonite were used, comparing the effect of conventional and efficient vulcanization systems. Gilsonite was characterized by X-ray fluorescence (XRF), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), elemental analysis, X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Tension, uniaxial compression, compression-set, abrasion resistance and dielectric strength tests were carried out on specimens that were moulded using the optimal curing time measured by oscillating disc rheometry (ODR). Abrasion wear resistance, and mechanical and rheometric properties varied with the CB/gilsonite content and on the vulcanization system. It was found that gilsonite facilitated the incorporation of carbon black during mixing, diminished the reversion during rheometric tests of compounds with efficient vulcanization cure systems and increased the dielectric strength. Some gilsonite/CB/NR compounds showed similar rheometric properties, compressive modulus and wear resistance to CB/NR compounds, which evidenced the use of gilsonite as an available filler for NR-based materials.</abstract><cop>Barking</cop><pub>Elsevier Ltd</pub><doi>10.1016/j.polymertesting.2016.09.005</doi><tpages>9</tpages><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4306-9978</orcidid></addata></record> |
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| ispartof | Polymer testing, 2016-12, Vol.56, p.1-9 |
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| source | ScienceDirect Journals (5 years ago - present); EZB-FREE-00999 freely available EZB journals |
| subjects | Abrasion resistance Carbon Carbon black Compression tests Compressive strength Dielectric properties Dielectric strength Formulations Gilsonite Modulus of elasticity Natural rubber Particle physics Reversion Rheometry Rubber Rubber-filler interaction Scanning electron microscopy Studies Thermogravimetric analysis Vulcanization Vulcanization systems Wear resistance X ray fluorescence analysis X-ray diffraction |
| title | Mechanical and rheometric properties of gilsonite/carbon black/natural rubber compounds cured using conventional and efficient vulcanization systems |
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