Mycotoxin risk assessment for consumers of groundnut in domestic markets in Nigeria
The fungal and multi-mycotoxin profiles of groundnuts sold in domestic markets in Nigeria as well as the associated risk to consumers were assessed in the present study. Four hundred fungal isolates representing mainly Aspergillus [58.6%: Aspergillus section Flavi (37.1%) and A. niger-clade (21.5%)]...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | International journal of food microbiology 2017-06, Vol.251, p.24-32 |
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| creator | Oyedele, Oluwawapelumi A. Ezekiel, Chibundu N. Sulyok, Michael Adetunji, Modupeade C. Warth, Benedikt Atanda, Olusegun O. Krska, Rudolf |
| description | The fungal and multi-mycotoxin profiles of groundnuts sold in domestic markets in Nigeria as well as the associated risk to consumers were assessed in the present study. Four hundred fungal isolates representing mainly Aspergillus [58.6%: Aspergillus section Flavi (37.1%) and A. niger-clade (21.5%)], Penicillium (40.9%) and Fusarium (0.5%) were isolated from 82 (97.6%, n=84) groundnut samples collected from four agro-ecological zones (AEZs) of Nigeria. The incidence of aflatoxin-producing A. flavus isolates (71%) was significantly (p |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2017.03.020 |
| format | Article |
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•Diverse moulds were recovered from 97.6% of 84 groundnut samples from four AEZs.•Ten mycotoxins and 48 other microbial metabolites were detected in the food samples.•Aflatoxins reached 2000μg/kg (mean: 216μg/kg); 14–25% samples exceeded limits.•High levels of aflatoxins were found in all CPA positive groundnut samples.•Consumers of contaminated groundnuts may be at risk of liver cancer and other combinatory effects.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0168-1605</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1879-3460</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2017.03.020</identifier><identifier>PMID: 28380344</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Netherlands: Elsevier B.V</publisher><subject>Adults ; Aflatoxin ; Aflatoxins ; Aflatoxins - analysis ; Arachis - chemistry ; Arachis - microbiology ; Aspergillus flavus - isolation & purification ; Aspergillus flavus - metabolism ; Bacteria ; Beauvericin ; Children ; Chromatography, Liquid ; Consumer safety ; Consumers ; Cyclobutanes - analysis ; Cyclopiazonic acid ; Depsipeptides - analysis ; Fungi ; Fusarium ; Fusarium - isolation & purification ; Fusarium - metabolism ; Groundnut ; Groundnuts ; Health risks ; Humans ; Incidence ; Indoles - analysis ; Infant ; Infants ; Liquid chromatography ; Liver ; Liver cancer ; Liver Neoplasms - epidemiology ; Markets ; Mass spectrometry ; Mass spectroscopy ; Metabolites ; moniliformin ; Mycotoxins ; Mycotoxins - analysis ; Nigeria - epidemiology ; Nivalenol ; Nuts - chemistry ; Nuts - microbiology ; Ochratoxin A ; Ochratoxins - analysis ; Oils & fats ; Penicillium - isolation & purification ; Penicillium - metabolism ; Public health ; Risk Assessment ; Tandem Mass Spectrometry ; Trade ; Trichothecenes - analysis ; Value analysis</subject><ispartof>International journal of food microbiology, 2017-06, Vol.251, p.24-32</ispartof><rights>2017 Elsevier B.V.</rights><rights>Copyright © 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.</rights><rights>Copyright Elsevier BV Jun 19, 2017</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c405t-d96504aff5cf3bd2bd2eadbc92d3f8fda33f73a7bbf3650628096533c5feadab3</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c405t-d96504aff5cf3bd2bd2eadbc92d3f8fda33f73a7bbf3650628096533c5feadab3</cites><orcidid>0000-0002-2113-2948</orcidid></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2017.03.020$$EHTML$$P50$$Gelsevier$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>314,780,784,3550,27924,27925,45995</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28380344$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Oyedele, Oluwawapelumi A.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ezekiel, Chibundu N.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Sulyok, Michael</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Adetunji, Modupeade C.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Warth, Benedikt</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Atanda, Olusegun O.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Krska, Rudolf</creatorcontrib><title>Mycotoxin risk assessment for consumers of groundnut in domestic markets in Nigeria</title><title>International journal of food microbiology</title><addtitle>Int J Food Microbiol</addtitle><description>The fungal and multi-mycotoxin profiles of groundnuts sold in domestic markets in Nigeria as well as the associated risk to consumers were assessed in the present study. Four hundred fungal isolates representing mainly Aspergillus [58.6%: Aspergillus section Flavi (37.1%) and A. niger-clade (21.5%)], Penicillium (40.9%) and Fusarium (0.5%) were isolated from 82 (97.6%, n=84) groundnut samples collected from four agro-ecological zones (AEZs) of Nigeria. The incidence of aflatoxin-producing A. flavus isolates (71%) was significantly (p<0.05) higher in the groundnuts than that of the non-aflatoxigenic isolates (29%). Fifty-four fungal metabolites [including aflatoxins (AFB1, AFB2, AFG1, AFG2 and AFM1), beauvericin (BEAU), cyclopiazonic acid (CPA), moniliformin, nivalenol and ochratoxin A] and four bacterial metabolites were detected in the groundnuts by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. Aflatoxins (39%; max: 2076μg/kg; mean: 216μg/kg) were detected in more samples than any other mycotoxin. About 25, 23 and 14% of the samples respectively were above the 2μg/kg AFB1, 4 and 20μg/kg total aflatoxin limits of the European Union and US FDA respectively. The mean margins of exposure of AFB1 and total aflatoxins for adult consumers were 1665 and 908, respectively, while mean estimated daily intake values for infants, children and adults were <0.1% for BEAU and 4% for CPA. Consumers of mycotoxin contaminated groundnuts in Nigeria may therefore be at a risk of liver cancer in addition to other combinatory effects of mycotoxin/metabolite cocktails. There is need for increased targeted interventions in the groundnut value chain in Nigeria for public health benefits.
•Diverse moulds were recovered from 97.6% of 84 groundnut samples from four AEZs.•Ten mycotoxins and 48 other microbial metabolites were detected in the food samples.•Aflatoxins reached 2000μg/kg (mean: 216μg/kg); 14–25% samples exceeded limits.•High levels of aflatoxins were found in all CPA positive groundnut samples.•Consumers of contaminated groundnuts may be at risk of liver cancer and other combinatory effects.</description><subject>Adults</subject><subject>Aflatoxin</subject><subject>Aflatoxins</subject><subject>Aflatoxins - analysis</subject><subject>Arachis - chemistry</subject><subject>Arachis - microbiology</subject><subject>Aspergillus flavus - isolation & purification</subject><subject>Aspergillus flavus - metabolism</subject><subject>Bacteria</subject><subject>Beauvericin</subject><subject>Children</subject><subject>Chromatography, Liquid</subject><subject>Consumer safety</subject><subject>Consumers</subject><subject>Cyclobutanes - analysis</subject><subject>Cyclopiazonic acid</subject><subject>Depsipeptides - analysis</subject><subject>Fungi</subject><subject>Fusarium</subject><subject>Fusarium - isolation & purification</subject><subject>Fusarium - metabolism</subject><subject>Groundnut</subject><subject>Groundnuts</subject><subject>Health risks</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Incidence</subject><subject>Indoles - analysis</subject><subject>Infant</subject><subject>Infants</subject><subject>Liquid chromatography</subject><subject>Liver</subject><subject>Liver cancer</subject><subject>Liver Neoplasms - epidemiology</subject><subject>Markets</subject><subject>Mass spectrometry</subject><subject>Mass spectroscopy</subject><subject>Metabolites</subject><subject>moniliformin</subject><subject>Mycotoxins</subject><subject>Mycotoxins - analysis</subject><subject>Nigeria - epidemiology</subject><subject>Nivalenol</subject><subject>Nuts - chemistry</subject><subject>Nuts - microbiology</subject><subject>Ochratoxin A</subject><subject>Ochratoxins - analysis</subject><subject>Oils & fats</subject><subject>Penicillium - isolation & purification</subject><subject>Penicillium - metabolism</subject><subject>Public health</subject><subject>Risk Assessment</subject><subject>Tandem Mass Spectrometry</subject><subject>Trade</subject><subject>Trichothecenes - analysis</subject><subject>Value analysis</subject><issn>0168-1605</issn><issn>1879-3460</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2017</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><recordid>eNqNkF1LwzAUhoMobk7_glS8bj3pabv2UoZfMPVCvQ5pPkY628ykFffvTdkUL4VAIDxv3nMeQi4oJBRocdUkptHWytYIZ5MU6DwBTCCFAzKl5byKMSvgkEwDW8a0gHxCTrxvACBHhGMySUssAbNsSl4et8L29st0kTN-HXHvlfet6vpIWxcJ2_mhVc5HVkcrZ4dOdkMfBVraVvneiKjlbq16P749mZVyhp-SI83fvTrb3zPydnvzuriPl893D4vrZSwyyPtYVkUOGdc6FxprmYajuKxFlUrUpZYcUc-Rz-taYyCLtISQQBS5DhyvcUYud_9unP0YwjSssYPrQiWjFRZpOsYCVe2o4Mp7pzTbOBOG3jIKbNTJGvZHJxt1MkAWdIbs-b5hqFslf5M__gKw2AEq7PlplGNeGNUJJY1TomfSmn_UfAPaQ46i</recordid><startdate>20170619</startdate><enddate>20170619</enddate><creator>Oyedele, Oluwawapelumi A.</creator><creator>Ezekiel, Chibundu N.</creator><creator>Sulyok, Michael</creator><creator>Adetunji, Modupeade C.</creator><creator>Warth, Benedikt</creator><creator>Atanda, Olusegun O.</creator><creator>Krska, Rudolf</creator><general>Elsevier B.V</general><general>Elsevier BV</general><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7QL</scope><scope>7QO</scope><scope>7QR</scope><scope>7T7</scope><scope>7U9</scope><scope>8FD</scope><scope>C1K</scope><scope>FR3</scope><scope>H94</scope><scope>M7N</scope><scope>P64</scope><scope>RC3</scope><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2113-2948</orcidid></search><sort><creationdate>20170619</creationdate><title>Mycotoxin risk assessment for consumers of groundnut in domestic markets in Nigeria</title><author>Oyedele, Oluwawapelumi A. ; Ezekiel, Chibundu N. ; Sulyok, Michael ; Adetunji, Modupeade C. ; Warth, Benedikt ; Atanda, Olusegun O. ; Krska, Rudolf</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c405t-d96504aff5cf3bd2bd2eadbc92d3f8fda33f73a7bbf3650628096533c5feadab3</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2017</creationdate><topic>Adults</topic><topic>Aflatoxin</topic><topic>Aflatoxins</topic><topic>Aflatoxins - analysis</topic><topic>Arachis - chemistry</topic><topic>Arachis - microbiology</topic><topic>Aspergillus flavus - isolation & purification</topic><topic>Aspergillus flavus - metabolism</topic><topic>Bacteria</topic><topic>Beauvericin</topic><topic>Children</topic><topic>Chromatography, Liquid</topic><topic>Consumer safety</topic><topic>Consumers</topic><topic>Cyclobutanes - analysis</topic><topic>Cyclopiazonic acid</topic><topic>Depsipeptides - analysis</topic><topic>Fungi</topic><topic>Fusarium</topic><topic>Fusarium - isolation & purification</topic><topic>Fusarium - metabolism</topic><topic>Groundnut</topic><topic>Groundnuts</topic><topic>Health risks</topic><topic>Humans</topic><topic>Incidence</topic><topic>Indoles - analysis</topic><topic>Infant</topic><topic>Infants</topic><topic>Liquid chromatography</topic><topic>Liver</topic><topic>Liver cancer</topic><topic>Liver Neoplasms - epidemiology</topic><topic>Markets</topic><topic>Mass spectrometry</topic><topic>Mass spectroscopy</topic><topic>Metabolites</topic><topic>moniliformin</topic><topic>Mycotoxins</topic><topic>Mycotoxins - analysis</topic><topic>Nigeria - epidemiology</topic><topic>Nivalenol</topic><topic>Nuts - chemistry</topic><topic>Nuts - microbiology</topic><topic>Ochratoxin A</topic><topic>Ochratoxins - analysis</topic><topic>Oils & fats</topic><topic>Penicillium - isolation & purification</topic><topic>Penicillium - metabolism</topic><topic>Public health</topic><topic>Risk Assessment</topic><topic>Tandem Mass Spectrometry</topic><topic>Trade</topic><topic>Trichothecenes - analysis</topic><topic>Value analysis</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Oyedele, Oluwawapelumi A.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ezekiel, Chibundu N.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Sulyok, Michael</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Adetunji, Modupeade C.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Warth, Benedikt</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Atanda, Olusegun O.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Krska, Rudolf</creatorcontrib><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>Bacteriology Abstracts (Microbiology B)</collection><collection>Biotechnology Research Abstracts</collection><collection>Chemoreception Abstracts</collection><collection>Industrial and Applied Microbiology Abstracts (Microbiology A)</collection><collection>Virology and AIDS Abstracts</collection><collection>Technology Research Database</collection><collection>Environmental Sciences and Pollution Management</collection><collection>Engineering Research Database</collection><collection>AIDS and Cancer Research Abstracts</collection><collection>Algology Mycology and Protozoology Abstracts (Microbiology C)</collection><collection>Biotechnology and BioEngineering Abstracts</collection><collection>Genetics Abstracts</collection><jtitle>International journal of food microbiology</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Oyedele, Oluwawapelumi A.</au><au>Ezekiel, Chibundu N.</au><au>Sulyok, Michael</au><au>Adetunji, Modupeade C.</au><au>Warth, Benedikt</au><au>Atanda, Olusegun O.</au><au>Krska, Rudolf</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Mycotoxin risk assessment for consumers of groundnut in domestic markets in Nigeria</atitle><jtitle>International journal of food microbiology</jtitle><addtitle>Int J Food Microbiol</addtitle><date>2017-06-19</date><risdate>2017</risdate><volume>251</volume><spage>24</spage><epage>32</epage><pages>24-32</pages><issn>0168-1605</issn><eissn>1879-3460</eissn><abstract>The fungal and multi-mycotoxin profiles of groundnuts sold in domestic markets in Nigeria as well as the associated risk to consumers were assessed in the present study. Four hundred fungal isolates representing mainly Aspergillus [58.6%: Aspergillus section Flavi (37.1%) and A. niger-clade (21.5%)], Penicillium (40.9%) and Fusarium (0.5%) were isolated from 82 (97.6%, n=84) groundnut samples collected from four agro-ecological zones (AEZs) of Nigeria. The incidence of aflatoxin-producing A. flavus isolates (71%) was significantly (p<0.05) higher in the groundnuts than that of the non-aflatoxigenic isolates (29%). Fifty-four fungal metabolites [including aflatoxins (AFB1, AFB2, AFG1, AFG2 and AFM1), beauvericin (BEAU), cyclopiazonic acid (CPA), moniliformin, nivalenol and ochratoxin A] and four bacterial metabolites were detected in the groundnuts by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. Aflatoxins (39%; max: 2076μg/kg; mean: 216μg/kg) were detected in more samples than any other mycotoxin. About 25, 23 and 14% of the samples respectively were above the 2μg/kg AFB1, 4 and 20μg/kg total aflatoxin limits of the European Union and US FDA respectively. The mean margins of exposure of AFB1 and total aflatoxins for adult consumers were 1665 and 908, respectively, while mean estimated daily intake values for infants, children and adults were <0.1% for BEAU and 4% for CPA. Consumers of mycotoxin contaminated groundnuts in Nigeria may therefore be at a risk of liver cancer in addition to other combinatory effects of mycotoxin/metabolite cocktails. There is need for increased targeted interventions in the groundnut value chain in Nigeria for public health benefits.
•Diverse moulds were recovered from 97.6% of 84 groundnut samples from four AEZs.•Ten mycotoxins and 48 other microbial metabolites were detected in the food samples.•Aflatoxins reached 2000μg/kg (mean: 216μg/kg); 14–25% samples exceeded limits.•High levels of aflatoxins were found in all CPA positive groundnut samples.•Consumers of contaminated groundnuts may be at risk of liver cancer and other combinatory effects.</abstract><cop>Netherlands</cop><pub>Elsevier B.V</pub><pmid>28380344</pmid><doi>10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2017.03.020</doi><tpages>9</tpages><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2113-2948</orcidid></addata></record> |
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| subjects | Adults Aflatoxin Aflatoxins Aflatoxins - analysis Arachis - chemistry Arachis - microbiology Aspergillus flavus - isolation & purification Aspergillus flavus - metabolism Bacteria Beauvericin Children Chromatography, Liquid Consumer safety Consumers Cyclobutanes - analysis Cyclopiazonic acid Depsipeptides - analysis Fungi Fusarium Fusarium - isolation & purification Fusarium - metabolism Groundnut Groundnuts Health risks Humans Incidence Indoles - analysis Infant Infants Liquid chromatography Liver Liver cancer Liver Neoplasms - epidemiology Markets Mass spectrometry Mass spectroscopy Metabolites moniliformin Mycotoxins Mycotoxins - analysis Nigeria - epidemiology Nivalenol Nuts - chemistry Nuts - microbiology Ochratoxin A Ochratoxins - analysis Oils & fats Penicillium - isolation & purification Penicillium - metabolism Public health Risk Assessment Tandem Mass Spectrometry Trade Trichothecenes - analysis Value analysis |
| title | Mycotoxin risk assessment for consumers of groundnut in domestic markets in Nigeria |
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