Desomorphine (Krokodil): An overview of its chemistry, pharmacology, metabolism, toxicology and analysis
Graphical abstract Krokodil (as is known by the street) is an opioid denominated desomorphine. This injectable semi-synthetic opioid drug has been largely used in the last years for recreational purposes in Russia and several European and American countries. It is time for society around the world o...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Drug and alcohol dependence 2017-04, Vol.173, p.59-68 |
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| container_title | Drug and alcohol dependence |
| container_volume | 173 |
| creator | Florez, Diego Hernando Ângulo dos Santos Moreira, Ana Maria da Silva, Pedro Rafael Brandão, Ricardo Borges, Marcella Matos Cordeiro de Santana, Fernando José Malagueño Borges, Keyller Bastos |
| description | Graphical abstract Krokodil (as is known by the street) is an opioid denominated desomorphine. This injectable semi-synthetic opioid drug has been largely used in the last years for recreational purposes in Russia and several European and American countries. It is time for society around the world open their eyes to this old dangerous drug. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2016.12.021 |
| format | Article |
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This injectable semi-synthetic opioid drug has been largely used in the last years for recreational purposes in Russia and several European and American countries. It is time for society around the world open their eyes to this old dangerous drug.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0376-8716</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1879-0046</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2016.12.021</identifier><identifier>PMID: 28199917</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Ireland: Elsevier B.V</publisher><subject>Action control ; Addictions ; Addicts ; Analgesics, Opioid - adverse effects ; Analgesics, Opioid - pharmacokinetics ; Analgesics, Opioid - pharmacology ; Analgesics, Opioid - toxicity ; Analysis ; Behavior, Addictive ; Bones ; Chemical agents ; Chemical reactions ; Chemistry ; Codeine ; Codeine - adverse effects ; Codeine - analogs & derivatives ; Codeine - pharmacokinetics ; Codeine - pharmacology ; Codeine - toxicity ; Consumption ; Contaminants ; Death & dying ; Desomorphine ; Drugs ; Forensic engineering ; Forensic science ; Forensic toxicology ; Hazards ; Humans ; Infection - chemically induced ; Krokodil ; Literature reviews ; Measurement ; Medical diagnosis ; Metabolism ; Metabolites ; Morphine ; Opioid-Related Disorders ; Opioids ; Pharmacology ; Psychiatry ; Public health ; Side effects ; Skin ; Street Drugs - adverse effects ; Street Drugs - pharmacokinetics ; Street Drugs - pharmacology ; Street Drugs - toxicity ; Toxicology</subject><ispartof>Drug and alcohol dependence, 2017-04, Vol.173, p.59-68</ispartof><rights>Elsevier B.V.</rights><rights>2017 Elsevier B.V.</rights><rights>Copyright © 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.</rights><rights>Copyright Elsevier Science Ltd. Apr 1, 2017</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c457t-e6c9a7c5a6f674806ebbd192e46e898205f550c484a63c0955c9c9d443ea3b4a3</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c457t-e6c9a7c5a6f674806ebbd192e46e898205f550c484a63c0955c9c9d443ea3b4a3</cites><orcidid>0000-0003-1067-1919</orcidid></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2016.12.021$$EHTML$$P50$$Gelsevier$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>314,780,784,3550,27924,27925,30999,45995</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28199917$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Florez, Diego Hernando Ângulo</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>dos Santos Moreira, Ana Maria</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>da Silva, Pedro Rafael</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Brandão, Ricardo</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Borges, Marcella Matos Cordeiro</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>de Santana, Fernando José Malagueño</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Borges, Keyller Bastos</creatorcontrib><title>Desomorphine (Krokodil): An overview of its chemistry, pharmacology, metabolism, toxicology and analysis</title><title>Drug and alcohol dependence</title><addtitle>Drug Alcohol Depend</addtitle><description>Graphical abstract Krokodil (as is known by the street) is an opioid denominated desomorphine. This injectable semi-synthetic opioid drug has been largely used in the last years for recreational purposes in Russia and several European and American countries. It is time for society around the world open their eyes to this old dangerous drug.</description><subject>Action control</subject><subject>Addictions</subject><subject>Addicts</subject><subject>Analgesics, Opioid - adverse effects</subject><subject>Analgesics, Opioid - pharmacokinetics</subject><subject>Analgesics, Opioid - pharmacology</subject><subject>Analgesics, Opioid - toxicity</subject><subject>Analysis</subject><subject>Behavior, Addictive</subject><subject>Bones</subject><subject>Chemical agents</subject><subject>Chemical reactions</subject><subject>Chemistry</subject><subject>Codeine</subject><subject>Codeine - adverse effects</subject><subject>Codeine - analogs & derivatives</subject><subject>Codeine - pharmacokinetics</subject><subject>Codeine - pharmacology</subject><subject>Codeine - toxicity</subject><subject>Consumption</subject><subject>Contaminants</subject><subject>Death & dying</subject><subject>Desomorphine</subject><subject>Drugs</subject><subject>Forensic engineering</subject><subject>Forensic science</subject><subject>Forensic toxicology</subject><subject>Hazards</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Infection - chemically induced</subject><subject>Krokodil</subject><subject>Literature reviews</subject><subject>Measurement</subject><subject>Medical diagnosis</subject><subject>Metabolism</subject><subject>Metabolites</subject><subject>Morphine</subject><subject>Opioid-Related Disorders</subject><subject>Opioids</subject><subject>Pharmacology</subject><subject>Psychiatry</subject><subject>Public health</subject><subject>Side effects</subject><subject>Skin</subject><subject>Street Drugs - adverse effects</subject><subject>Street Drugs - pharmacokinetics</subject><subject>Street Drugs - pharmacology</subject><subject>Street Drugs - toxicity</subject><subject>Toxicology</subject><issn>0376-8716</issn><issn>1879-0046</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2017</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><sourceid>7QJ</sourceid><recordid>eNqNUVtrFDEUDqLYtfoXJOCLQmdMZnL1oVBbb1jwQQXfQiY50812ZjIms637782y1YJPBkI4h--S8x2EMCU1JVS83tQ-ba_s4DzMdVM6NW1q0tAHaEWV1BUhTDxEK9JKUSlJxRF6kvOGlCM0eYyOGkW11lSu0PoCchxjmtdhAvzyc4rX0Yfh1Rt8NuF4A-kmwC2OPQ5Lxm4NY8hL2p3geW3TaF0c4lWpRlhsF4eQxxO8xF_h0Md28uXaYZdDfooe9XbI8OzuPUbf37_7dv6xuvzy4dP52WXlGJdLBcJpKx23oheSKSKg6zzVDTABSquG8J5z4phiVrSOaM6ddtoz1oJtO2bbY_TioDun-HMLeTGbuE3lE9kUGUmZVJwXlDqgXIo5J-jNnMJo085QYvYRm425j9jsIza0MSXiQn1-Z7DtRvB_iX8yLYC3BwCUMUt8yWQXYHLgQwK3GB_D_7ic_iPihjAFZ4dr2EG-n8nkQjBf96veb7r4E9LqH-1vPA-n2A</recordid><startdate>20170401</startdate><enddate>20170401</enddate><creator>Florez, Diego Hernando Ângulo</creator><creator>dos Santos Moreira, Ana Maria</creator><creator>da Silva, Pedro Rafael</creator><creator>Brandão, Ricardo</creator><creator>Borges, Marcella Matos Cordeiro</creator><creator>de Santana, Fernando José Malagueño</creator><creator>Borges, Keyller Bastos</creator><general>Elsevier B.V</general><general>Elsevier Science Ltd</general><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7QJ</scope><scope>7TK</scope><scope>7U7</scope><scope>C1K</scope><scope>K9.</scope><scope>NAPCQ</scope><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1067-1919</orcidid></search><sort><creationdate>20170401</creationdate><title>Desomorphine (Krokodil): An overview of its chemistry, pharmacology, metabolism, toxicology and analysis</title><author>Florez, Diego Hernando Ângulo ; dos Santos Moreira, Ana Maria ; da Silva, Pedro Rafael ; Brandão, Ricardo ; Borges, Marcella Matos Cordeiro ; de Santana, Fernando José Malagueño ; Borges, Keyller Bastos</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c457t-e6c9a7c5a6f674806ebbd192e46e898205f550c484a63c0955c9c9d443ea3b4a3</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2017</creationdate><topic>Action control</topic><topic>Addictions</topic><topic>Addicts</topic><topic>Analgesics, Opioid - adverse effects</topic><topic>Analgesics, Opioid - pharmacokinetics</topic><topic>Analgesics, Opioid - pharmacology</topic><topic>Analgesics, Opioid - toxicity</topic><topic>Analysis</topic><topic>Behavior, Addictive</topic><topic>Bones</topic><topic>Chemical agents</topic><topic>Chemical reactions</topic><topic>Chemistry</topic><topic>Codeine</topic><topic>Codeine - adverse effects</topic><topic>Codeine - analogs & derivatives</topic><topic>Codeine - pharmacokinetics</topic><topic>Codeine - pharmacology</topic><topic>Codeine - toxicity</topic><topic>Consumption</topic><topic>Contaminants</topic><topic>Death & dying</topic><topic>Desomorphine</topic><topic>Drugs</topic><topic>Forensic engineering</topic><topic>Forensic science</topic><topic>Forensic toxicology</topic><topic>Hazards</topic><topic>Humans</topic><topic>Infection - chemically induced</topic><topic>Krokodil</topic><topic>Literature reviews</topic><topic>Measurement</topic><topic>Medical diagnosis</topic><topic>Metabolism</topic><topic>Metabolites</topic><topic>Morphine</topic><topic>Opioid-Related Disorders</topic><topic>Opioids</topic><topic>Pharmacology</topic><topic>Psychiatry</topic><topic>Public health</topic><topic>Side effects</topic><topic>Skin</topic><topic>Street Drugs - adverse effects</topic><topic>Street Drugs - pharmacokinetics</topic><topic>Street Drugs - pharmacology</topic><topic>Street Drugs - toxicity</topic><topic>Toxicology</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Florez, Diego Hernando Ângulo</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>dos Santos Moreira, Ana Maria</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>da Silva, Pedro Rafael</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Brandão, Ricardo</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Borges, Marcella Matos Cordeiro</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>de Santana, Fernando José Malagueño</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Borges, Keyller Bastos</creatorcontrib><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>Applied Social Sciences Index & Abstracts (ASSIA)</collection><collection>Neurosciences Abstracts</collection><collection>Toxicology Abstracts</collection><collection>Environmental Sciences and Pollution Management</collection><collection>ProQuest Health & Medical Complete (Alumni)</collection><collection>Nursing & Allied Health Premium</collection><jtitle>Drug and alcohol dependence</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Florez, Diego Hernando Ângulo</au><au>dos Santos Moreira, Ana Maria</au><au>da Silva, Pedro Rafael</au><au>Brandão, Ricardo</au><au>Borges, Marcella Matos Cordeiro</au><au>de Santana, Fernando José Malagueño</au><au>Borges, Keyller Bastos</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Desomorphine (Krokodil): An overview of its chemistry, pharmacology, metabolism, toxicology and analysis</atitle><jtitle>Drug and alcohol dependence</jtitle><addtitle>Drug Alcohol Depend</addtitle><date>2017-04-01</date><risdate>2017</risdate><volume>173</volume><spage>59</spage><epage>68</epage><pages>59-68</pages><issn>0376-8716</issn><eissn>1879-0046</eissn><abstract>Graphical abstract Krokodil (as is known by the street) is an opioid denominated desomorphine. This injectable semi-synthetic opioid drug has been largely used in the last years for recreational purposes in Russia and several European and American countries. It is time for society around the world open their eyes to this old dangerous drug.</abstract><cop>Ireland</cop><pub>Elsevier B.V</pub><pmid>28199917</pmid><doi>10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2016.12.021</doi><tpages>10</tpages><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1067-1919</orcidid></addata></record> |
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| ispartof | Drug and alcohol dependence, 2017-04, Vol.173, p.59-68 |
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| language | eng |
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| source | MEDLINE; Elsevier ScienceDirect Journals Complete; Applied Social Sciences Index & Abstracts (ASSIA) |
| subjects | Action control Addictions Addicts Analgesics, Opioid - adverse effects Analgesics, Opioid - pharmacokinetics Analgesics, Opioid - pharmacology Analgesics, Opioid - toxicity Analysis Behavior, Addictive Bones Chemical agents Chemical reactions Chemistry Codeine Codeine - adverse effects Codeine - analogs & derivatives Codeine - pharmacokinetics Codeine - pharmacology Codeine - toxicity Consumption Contaminants Death & dying Desomorphine Drugs Forensic engineering Forensic science Forensic toxicology Hazards Humans Infection - chemically induced Krokodil Literature reviews Measurement Medical diagnosis Metabolism Metabolites Morphine Opioid-Related Disorders Opioids Pharmacology Psychiatry Public health Side effects Skin Street Drugs - adverse effects Street Drugs - pharmacokinetics Street Drugs - pharmacology Street Drugs - toxicity Toxicology |
| title | Desomorphine (Krokodil): An overview of its chemistry, pharmacology, metabolism, toxicology and analysis |
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