Assessment of the Energy Balance Closure under Advective Conditions and Its Impact Using Remote Sensing Data
A unique and intensive flux observation matrix was established during May to September of 2012 in an oasis–desert area located in the middle reaches of the Heihe River basin, China. The flux observation matrix included 22 eddy covariance systems belonging to the first thematic experiment of the Heih...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Journal of applied meteorology and climatology 2017-01, Vol.56 (1), p.127-140 |
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| description | A unique and intensive flux observation matrix was established during May to September of 2012 in an oasis–desert area located in the middle reaches of the Heihe River basin, China. The flux observation matrix included 22 eddy covariance systems belonging to the first thematic experiment of the Heihe Watershed Allied Telemetry Experimental Research (HiWATER) project. The energy balance closure ratio (EBR) was assessed and possible mechanisms were investigated using remote sensing data. The results showed that 1) the EBR was in the range of 0.78–1.04 at all sites with an average EBR of 0.92, and 2) the calculated daily EBR exhibited better performance than the 30-min averages. 3) The heat storage cannot be ignored during the crop growing season. An improvement of approximately 6% in the total closure was found after considering the heat storage terms (canopy and photosynthesis storage) in the energy budget at the maize surface, and the canopy and photosynthesis showed approximately equal contributions of 3% for each storage term. The results also showed that 4) the land heterogeneous surface had a significant effect on the EBR. The EBR decreased with land surface heterogeneity increasing (taking the standard deviation of the surface temperature in the eddy covariance system source area as an index). The EBR also decreased when irrigation occurred and increased after irrigation was completed. The advection or secondary circulation broke the closed system of the energy balance given the phenomenon of EBR increasing when the advection or secondary circulation occurred. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1175/jamc-d-16-0096.1 |
| format | Article |
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The flux observation matrix included 22 eddy covariance systems belonging to the first thematic experiment of the Heihe Watershed Allied Telemetry Experimental Research (HiWATER) project. The energy balance closure ratio (EBR) was assessed and possible mechanisms were investigated using remote sensing data. The results showed that 1) the EBR was in the range of 0.78–1.04 at all sites with an average EBR of 0.92, and 2) the calculated daily EBR exhibited better performance than the 30-min averages. 3) The heat storage cannot be ignored during the crop growing season. An improvement of approximately 6% in the total closure was found after considering the heat storage terms (canopy and photosynthesis storage) in the energy budget at the maize surface, and the canopy and photosynthesis showed approximately equal contributions of 3% for each storage term. The results also showed that 4) the land heterogeneous surface had a significant effect on the EBR. The EBR decreased with land surface heterogeneity increasing (taking the standard deviation of the surface temperature in the eddy covariance system source area as an index). The EBR also decreased when irrigation occurred and increased after irrigation was completed. The advection or secondary circulation broke the closed system of the energy balance given the phenomenon of EBR increasing when the advection or secondary circulation occurred.</description><identifier>ISSN: 1558-8424</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1558-8432</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1175/jamc-d-16-0096.1</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Boston: American Meteorological Society</publisher><subject>Advection ; Canopies ; Canopy ; Circulation ; Covariance ; Eddy covariance ; Energy ; Energy balance ; Energy budget ; Energy consumption ; Energy storage ; Experimental research ; Experiments ; Flux ; Growing season ; Heat ; Heat storage ; Heterogeneity ; Humidity ; Irrigation ; Laboratories ; Laboratory experimentation ; Oases ; Ocean circulation ; Photosynthesis ; Remote observing ; Remote sensing ; Researchers ; River basins ; Rivers ; Studies ; Surface temperature ; Telemetry ; Temperature effects ; Vortices ; Watersheds ; Wetlands</subject><ispartof>Journal of applied meteorology and climatology, 2017-01, Vol.56 (1), p.127-140</ispartof><rights>2017 American Meteorological Society</rights><rights>Copyright American Meteorological Society Jan 2017</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c401t-6cb075bdfd936d1b892cd00695a567bed44e448a919d284417e88454c87a360c3</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c401t-6cb075bdfd936d1b892cd00695a567bed44e448a919d284417e88454c87a360c3</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://www.jstor.org/stable/pdf/26179863$$EPDF$$P50$$Gjstor$$H</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://www.jstor.org/stable/26179863$$EHTML$$P50$$Gjstor$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>314,777,781,800,3668,27905,27906,57998,58231</link.rule.ids></links><search><creatorcontrib>Xu, Ziwei</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ma, Yanfei</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Liu, Shaomin</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Shi, Wenjiao</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Wang, Jiemin</creatorcontrib><title>Assessment of the Energy Balance Closure under Advective Conditions and Its Impact Using Remote Sensing Data</title><title>Journal of applied meteorology and climatology</title><description>A unique and intensive flux observation matrix was established during May to September of 2012 in an oasis–desert area located in the middle reaches of the Heihe River basin, China. The flux observation matrix included 22 eddy covariance systems belonging to the first thematic experiment of the Heihe Watershed Allied Telemetry Experimental Research (HiWATER) project. The energy balance closure ratio (EBR) was assessed and possible mechanisms were investigated using remote sensing data. The results showed that 1) the EBR was in the range of 0.78–1.04 at all sites with an average EBR of 0.92, and 2) the calculated daily EBR exhibited better performance than the 30-min averages. 3) The heat storage cannot be ignored during the crop growing season. An improvement of approximately 6% in the total closure was found after considering the heat storage terms (canopy and photosynthesis storage) in the energy budget at the maize surface, and the canopy and photosynthesis showed approximately equal contributions of 3% for each storage term. The results also showed that 4) the land heterogeneous surface had a significant effect on the EBR. The EBR decreased with land surface heterogeneity increasing (taking the standard deviation of the surface temperature in the eddy covariance system source area as an index). The EBR also decreased when irrigation occurred and increased after irrigation was completed. The advection or secondary circulation broke the closed system of the energy balance given the phenomenon of EBR increasing when the advection or secondary circulation occurred.</description><subject>Advection</subject><subject>Canopies</subject><subject>Canopy</subject><subject>Circulation</subject><subject>Covariance</subject><subject>Eddy covariance</subject><subject>Energy</subject><subject>Energy balance</subject><subject>Energy budget</subject><subject>Energy consumption</subject><subject>Energy storage</subject><subject>Experimental research</subject><subject>Experiments</subject><subject>Flux</subject><subject>Growing season</subject><subject>Heat</subject><subject>Heat storage</subject><subject>Heterogeneity</subject><subject>Humidity</subject><subject>Irrigation</subject><subject>Laboratories</subject><subject>Laboratory experimentation</subject><subject>Oases</subject><subject>Ocean circulation</subject><subject>Photosynthesis</subject><subject>Remote observing</subject><subject>Remote sensing</subject><subject>Researchers</subject><subject>River basins</subject><subject>Rivers</subject><subject>Studies</subject><subject>Surface temperature</subject><subject>Telemetry</subject><subject>Temperature 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climatology</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Xu, Ziwei</au><au>Ma, Yanfei</au><au>Liu, Shaomin</au><au>Shi, Wenjiao</au><au>Wang, Jiemin</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Assessment of the Energy Balance Closure under Advective Conditions and Its Impact Using Remote Sensing Data</atitle><jtitle>Journal of applied meteorology and climatology</jtitle><date>2017-01-01</date><risdate>2017</risdate><volume>56</volume><issue>1</issue><spage>127</spage><epage>140</epage><pages>127-140</pages><issn>1558-8424</issn><eissn>1558-8432</eissn><abstract>A unique and intensive flux observation matrix was established during May to September of 2012 in an oasis–desert area located in the middle reaches of the Heihe River basin, China. The flux observation matrix included 22 eddy covariance systems belonging to the first thematic experiment of the Heihe Watershed Allied Telemetry Experimental Research (HiWATER) project. The energy balance closure ratio (EBR) was assessed and possible mechanisms were investigated using remote sensing data. The results showed that 1) the EBR was in the range of 0.78–1.04 at all sites with an average EBR of 0.92, and 2) the calculated daily EBR exhibited better performance than the 30-min averages. 3) The heat storage cannot be ignored during the crop growing season. An improvement of approximately 6% in the total closure was found after considering the heat storage terms (canopy and photosynthesis storage) in the energy budget at the maize surface, and the canopy and photosynthesis showed approximately equal contributions of 3% for each storage term. The results also showed that 4) the land heterogeneous surface had a significant effect on the EBR. The EBR decreased with land surface heterogeneity increasing (taking the standard deviation of the surface temperature in the eddy covariance system source area as an index). The EBR also decreased when irrigation occurred and increased after irrigation was completed. The advection or secondary circulation broke the closed system of the energy balance given the phenomenon of EBR increasing when the advection or secondary circulation occurred.</abstract><cop>Boston</cop><pub>American Meteorological Society</pub><doi>10.1175/jamc-d-16-0096.1</doi><tpages>14</tpages><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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| subjects | Advection Canopies Canopy Circulation Covariance Eddy covariance Energy Energy balance Energy budget Energy consumption Energy storage Experimental research Experiments Flux Growing season Heat Heat storage Heterogeneity Humidity Irrigation Laboratories Laboratory experimentation Oases Ocean circulation Photosynthesis Remote observing Remote sensing Researchers River basins Rivers Studies Surface temperature Telemetry Temperature effects Vortices Watersheds Wetlands |
| title | Assessment of the Energy Balance Closure under Advective Conditions and Its Impact Using Remote Sensing Data |
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