The mechanics of decompressive craniectomy: Personalized simulations

Decompressive craniectomy is a traditional but controversial surgical procedure that removes part of the skull to allow an injured and swollen brain to expand outward. Recent studies suggest that mechanical strain is associated with its undesired, high failure rates. However, the precise strain fiel...

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Veröffentlicht in:Computer methods in applied mechanics and engineering 2017-02, Vol.314, p.180-195
Hauptverfasser: Weickenmeier, J., Butler, C.A.M., Young, P.G., Goriely, A., Kuhl, E.
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container_start_page 180
container_title Computer methods in applied mechanics and engineering
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creator Weickenmeier, J.
Butler, C.A.M.
Young, P.G.
Goriely, A.
Kuhl, E.
description Decompressive craniectomy is a traditional but controversial surgical procedure that removes part of the skull to allow an injured and swollen brain to expand outward. Recent studies suggest that mechanical strain is associated with its undesired, high failure rates. However, the precise strain fields induced by the craniectomy are unknown. Here we create a personalized craniectomy model from magnetic resonance images to quantify the strains during a decompressive craniectomy using finite element analysis. We swell selected regions of the brain and remove part of the skull to allow the brain to bulge outward and release the intracranical swelling pressure. Our simulations reveal three potential failure mechanisms associated with the procedure: axonal stretch in the center of the bulge, axonal compression at the edge of the craniectomy, and axonal shear around the opening. Strikingly, for a swelling of only 10%, axonal strain, compression, and shear reach local maxima of up to 30%, and exceed the reported functional and morphological damage thresholds of 18% and 21%. Our simulations suggest that a collateral craniectomy with the skull opening at the side of swelling is less invasive than a contralateral craniectomy with the skull opening at the opposite side: It induces less deformation, less rotation, smaller strains, and a markedly smaller midline shift. Our computational craniectomy model can help quantify brain deformation, tissue strain, axonal stretch, and shear with the goal to identify high-risk regions for brain damage on a personalized basis. While computational modeling is beyond clinical practice in neurosurgery today, simulations of neurosurgical procedures have the potential to rationalize surgical process parameters including timing, location, and size, and provide standardized guidelines for clinical decision making and neurosurgical planning. •Decompressive craniectomy is a controversial surgical procedure with high failure rates.•It induces large mechanical strains, which are believed to be the cause of brain damage.•To quantify strains in the brain we create a personalized finite element craniectomy model.•Our simulations reveal three potential failure mechanisms: stretch, compression, and shear.•Our craniectomy model can identify regions at risk for brain damage on a personalized basis.
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subjects Brain damage
Compressing
Computation
Computer simulation
Damage detection
Decision making
Decompressive craniectomy
Deformation mechanisms
Failure mechanisms
Failure rates
Finite element analysis
Finite element method
Hemicraniectomy
Magnetic resonance imaging
Maxima
Neuromechanics
Neurosurgery
Process parameters
Shear
Skull
Strain
Swelling pressure
Thresholds
title The mechanics of decompressive craniectomy: Personalized simulations
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