Investigation of the causes of the longitudinal variation of the electron density in the Weddell Sea Anomaly
This paper investigates and quantifies the causes of the Weddell Sea Anomaly (WSA), a region near the tip of South America extending from approximately 30° to 120°W geographic longitude and 50° to 75°S geographic latitude at solar minimum between 2007 and 2010. This region is unusual because the mid...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Journal of geophysical research. Space physics 2017-06, Vol.122 (6), p.6562-6583 |
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| creator | Richards, P. G. Meier, R. R. Chen, Shih‐Ping Drob, D. P. Dandenault, P. |
| description | This paper investigates and quantifies the causes of the Weddell Sea Anomaly (WSA), a region near the tip of South America extending from approximately 30° to 120°W geographic longitude and 50° to 75°S geographic latitude at solar minimum between 2007 and 2010. This region is unusual because the midnight peak electron density exceeds the midday peak electron density in summer. This study is far more quantitative than previous studies because, unlike other models, it assimilates selected data parameters to constrain a physical model in order to investigate other aspects of the data. It is shown that the commonly accepted explanation that the WSA is related to the magnetic field declination and inclination effects on the neutral wind does not explain the longitudinal variation of the electron density. Rather, longitudinal changes in the neutral winds and neutral densities are the most likely explanation for the WSA. These longitudinal wind and density changes are attributed to the varying latitudinal distance from the auroral zone energy input. No contributions from the plasmasphere or other sources are required. Furthermore, it is shown that a widely used empirical thermosphere density model overestimates the longitudinal changes in the WSA region.
Plain Language Summary
This paper investigates and quantifies the causes of the Weddell Sea Anomaly (WSA), a region near the tip of South America extending from approximately 30° to 120°W geographic longitude and 50° to 75°S geographic latitude at solar minimum between 2007 and 2010. This region is unusual because the midnight peak electron density exceeds the midday peak electron density in summer. This study is far more quantitative than previous studies because, unlike other models, it assimilates selected data parameters to constrain a physical model in order to investigate other aspects of the data. It is shown that the commonly accepted explanation that the WSA is related to the magnetic field declination and inclination effects on the neutral wind does not explain the longitudinal variation of the electron density. Rather, longitudinal changes in the neutral winds and neutral densities are the most likely explanation for the WSA. These longitudinal wind and density changes are attributed to the varying latitudinal distance from the auroral zone energy input. No contributions from the plasmasphere or other sources are required. Furthermore, it is shown that a widely used empirical thermosphere density model |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1002/2016JA023565 |
| format | Article |
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Plain Language Summary
This paper investigates and quantifies the causes of the Weddell Sea Anomaly (WSA), a region near the tip of South America extending from approximately 30° to 120°W geographic longitude and 50° to 75°S geographic latitude at solar minimum between 2007 and 2010. This region is unusual because the midnight peak electron density exceeds the midday peak electron density in summer. This study is far more quantitative than previous studies because, unlike other models, it assimilates selected data parameters to constrain a physical model in order to investigate other aspects of the data. It is shown that the commonly accepted explanation that the WSA is related to the magnetic field declination and inclination effects on the neutral wind does not explain the longitudinal variation of the electron density. Rather, longitudinal changes in the neutral winds and neutral densities are the most likely explanation for the WSA. These longitudinal wind and density changes are attributed to the varying latitudinal distance from the auroral zone energy input. No contributions from the plasmasphere or other sources are required. Furthermore, it is shown that a widely used empirical thermosphere density model overestimates the longitudinal changes in the WSA region.
Key Points
Ionosonde and satellite measurements of the Weddell Sea Anomaly (WSA) can be reproduced with the FLIP model
The longitudinal variation of the WSA electron density is caused by variations in both the neutral densities and the neutral winds
The magnetic field configuration is only a minor factor in the longitudinal variation of the electron density in the WSA</description><identifier>ISSN: 2169-9380</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 2169-9402</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1002/2016JA023565</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Washington: Blackwell Publishing Ltd</publisher><subject>Auroral zone ; Declination ; Electron density ; Inclination ; ionosphere ; Latitude ; Longitude ; Magnetic fields ; Mathematical models ; Plasma ; Plasmasphere ; Solar minimum ; Studies ; Thermosphere ; Weddell Sea Anomaly ; Wind ; Wind effects ; winds</subject><ispartof>Journal of geophysical research. Space physics, 2017-06, Vol.122 (6), p.6562-6583</ispartof><rights>2017. American Geophysical Union. All Rights Reserved.</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c4116-3a8799e78bb0076ff3231e14ff53b7ec1f378bc09045b0d5e531ec08eef7a3693</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c4116-3a8799e78bb0076ff3231e14ff53b7ec1f378bc09045b0d5e531ec08eef7a3693</cites><orcidid>0000-0002-2045-7740 ; 0000-0002-7774-7079 ; 0000-0001-8497-7115</orcidid></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002%2F2016JA023565$$EPDF$$P50$$Gwiley$$H</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002%2F2016JA023565$$EHTML$$P50$$Gwiley$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>314,776,780,1411,1427,27901,27902,45550,45551,46384,46808</link.rule.ids></links><search><creatorcontrib>Richards, P. G.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Meier, R. R.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Chen, Shih‐Ping</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Drob, D. P.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Dandenault, P.</creatorcontrib><title>Investigation of the causes of the longitudinal variation of the electron density in the Weddell Sea Anomaly</title><title>Journal of geophysical research. Space physics</title><description>This paper investigates and quantifies the causes of the Weddell Sea Anomaly (WSA), a region near the tip of South America extending from approximately 30° to 120°W geographic longitude and 50° to 75°S geographic latitude at solar minimum between 2007 and 2010. This region is unusual because the midnight peak electron density exceeds the midday peak electron density in summer. This study is far more quantitative than previous studies because, unlike other models, it assimilates selected data parameters to constrain a physical model in order to investigate other aspects of the data. It is shown that the commonly accepted explanation that the WSA is related to the magnetic field declination and inclination effects on the neutral wind does not explain the longitudinal variation of the electron density. Rather, longitudinal changes in the neutral winds and neutral densities are the most likely explanation for the WSA. These longitudinal wind and density changes are attributed to the varying latitudinal distance from the auroral zone energy input. No contributions from the plasmasphere or other sources are required. Furthermore, it is shown that a widely used empirical thermosphere density model overestimates the longitudinal changes in the WSA region.
Plain Language Summary
This paper investigates and quantifies the causes of the Weddell Sea Anomaly (WSA), a region near the tip of South America extending from approximately 30° to 120°W geographic longitude and 50° to 75°S geographic latitude at solar minimum between 2007 and 2010. This region is unusual because the midnight peak electron density exceeds the midday peak electron density in summer. This study is far more quantitative than previous studies because, unlike other models, it assimilates selected data parameters to constrain a physical model in order to investigate other aspects of the data. It is shown that the commonly accepted explanation that the WSA is related to the magnetic field declination and inclination effects on the neutral wind does not explain the longitudinal variation of the electron density. Rather, longitudinal changes in the neutral winds and neutral densities are the most likely explanation for the WSA. These longitudinal wind and density changes are attributed to the varying latitudinal distance from the auroral zone energy input. No contributions from the plasmasphere or other sources are required. Furthermore, it is shown that a widely used empirical thermosphere density model overestimates the longitudinal changes in the WSA region.
Key Points
Ionosonde and satellite measurements of the Weddell Sea Anomaly (WSA) can be reproduced with the FLIP model
The longitudinal variation of the WSA electron density is caused by variations in both the neutral densities and the neutral winds
The magnetic field configuration is only a minor factor in the longitudinal variation of the electron density in the WSA</description><subject>Auroral zone</subject><subject>Declination</subject><subject>Electron density</subject><subject>Inclination</subject><subject>ionosphere</subject><subject>Latitude</subject><subject>Longitude</subject><subject>Magnetic fields</subject><subject>Mathematical models</subject><subject>Plasma</subject><subject>Plasmasphere</subject><subject>Solar minimum</subject><subject>Studies</subject><subject>Thermosphere</subject><subject>Weddell Sea Anomaly</subject><subject>Wind</subject><subject>Wind effects</subject><subject>winds</subject><issn>2169-9380</issn><issn>2169-9402</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2017</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><recordid>eNp9kEtLw0AQxxdRsNTe_AABr1Znstk8jqH4aCkIPvAYNsls3bJN6m5Sybd3tRb04lzm8f8xzPwZO0e4QoDwOgSMFzmEXMTiiI1CjLNpFkF4fKh5Cqds4twafKR-hGLEzLzZkev0Sna6bYJWBd0bBZXsHblDZ9pmpbu-1o00wU5a_YclQ1VnfV9T43Q3BLr5nr9SXZMxwRPJIG_ajTTDGTtR0jia_OQxe7m9eZ7dT5cPd_NZvpxWEWI85TJNsoyStCwBklgpHnIkjJQSvEyoQsW9VkEGkSihFiS8XEFKpBLJ44yP2cV-79a2771_r1i3vfXXuwIzTBE555GnLvdUZVvnLKlia_VG2qFAKL4sLX5b6nG-xz-0oeFftljcPeaCCxHzTwGEd3A</recordid><startdate>201706</startdate><enddate>201706</enddate><creator>Richards, P. G.</creator><creator>Meier, R. R.</creator><creator>Chen, Shih‐Ping</creator><creator>Drob, D. P.</creator><creator>Dandenault, P.</creator><general>Blackwell Publishing Ltd</general><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7TG</scope><scope>8FD</scope><scope>H8D</scope><scope>KL.</scope><scope>L7M</scope><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2045-7740</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7774-7079</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8497-7115</orcidid></search><sort><creationdate>201706</creationdate><title>Investigation of the causes of the longitudinal variation of the electron density in the Weddell Sea Anomaly</title><author>Richards, P. G. ; Meier, R. R. ; Chen, Shih‐Ping ; Drob, D. P. ; Dandenault, P.</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c4116-3a8799e78bb0076ff3231e14ff53b7ec1f378bc09045b0d5e531ec08eef7a3693</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2017</creationdate><topic>Auroral zone</topic><topic>Declination</topic><topic>Electron density</topic><topic>Inclination</topic><topic>ionosphere</topic><topic>Latitude</topic><topic>Longitude</topic><topic>Magnetic fields</topic><topic>Mathematical models</topic><topic>Plasma</topic><topic>Plasmasphere</topic><topic>Solar minimum</topic><topic>Studies</topic><topic>Thermosphere</topic><topic>Weddell Sea Anomaly</topic><topic>Wind</topic><topic>Wind effects</topic><topic>winds</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Richards, P. G.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Meier, R. R.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Chen, Shih‐Ping</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Drob, D. P.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Dandenault, P.</creatorcontrib><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>Meteorological & Geoastrophysical Abstracts</collection><collection>Technology Research Database</collection><collection>Aerospace Database</collection><collection>Meteorological & Geoastrophysical Abstracts - Academic</collection><collection>Advanced Technologies Database with Aerospace</collection><jtitle>Journal of geophysical research. Space physics</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Richards, P. G.</au><au>Meier, R. R.</au><au>Chen, Shih‐Ping</au><au>Drob, D. P.</au><au>Dandenault, P.</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Investigation of the causes of the longitudinal variation of the electron density in the Weddell Sea Anomaly</atitle><jtitle>Journal of geophysical research. Space physics</jtitle><date>2017-06</date><risdate>2017</risdate><volume>122</volume><issue>6</issue><spage>6562</spage><epage>6583</epage><pages>6562-6583</pages><issn>2169-9380</issn><eissn>2169-9402</eissn><abstract>This paper investigates and quantifies the causes of the Weddell Sea Anomaly (WSA), a region near the tip of South America extending from approximately 30° to 120°W geographic longitude and 50° to 75°S geographic latitude at solar minimum between 2007 and 2010. This region is unusual because the midnight peak electron density exceeds the midday peak electron density in summer. This study is far more quantitative than previous studies because, unlike other models, it assimilates selected data parameters to constrain a physical model in order to investigate other aspects of the data. It is shown that the commonly accepted explanation that the WSA is related to the magnetic field declination and inclination effects on the neutral wind does not explain the longitudinal variation of the electron density. Rather, longitudinal changes in the neutral winds and neutral densities are the most likely explanation for the WSA. These longitudinal wind and density changes are attributed to the varying latitudinal distance from the auroral zone energy input. No contributions from the plasmasphere or other sources are required. Furthermore, it is shown that a widely used empirical thermosphere density model overestimates the longitudinal changes in the WSA region.
Plain Language Summary
This paper investigates and quantifies the causes of the Weddell Sea Anomaly (WSA), a region near the tip of South America extending from approximately 30° to 120°W geographic longitude and 50° to 75°S geographic latitude at solar minimum between 2007 and 2010. This region is unusual because the midnight peak electron density exceeds the midday peak electron density in summer. This study is far more quantitative than previous studies because, unlike other models, it assimilates selected data parameters to constrain a physical model in order to investigate other aspects of the data. It is shown that the commonly accepted explanation that the WSA is related to the magnetic field declination and inclination effects on the neutral wind does not explain the longitudinal variation of the electron density. Rather, longitudinal changes in the neutral winds and neutral densities are the most likely explanation for the WSA. These longitudinal wind and density changes are attributed to the varying latitudinal distance from the auroral zone energy input. No contributions from the plasmasphere or other sources are required. Furthermore, it is shown that a widely used empirical thermosphere density model overestimates the longitudinal changes in the WSA region.
Key Points
Ionosonde and satellite measurements of the Weddell Sea Anomaly (WSA) can be reproduced with the FLIP model
The longitudinal variation of the WSA electron density is caused by variations in both the neutral densities and the neutral winds
The magnetic field configuration is only a minor factor in the longitudinal variation of the electron density in the WSA</abstract><cop>Washington</cop><pub>Blackwell Publishing Ltd</pub><doi>10.1002/2016JA023565</doi><tpages>22</tpages><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2045-7740</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7774-7079</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8497-7115</orcidid><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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| source | Wiley Free Content; Wiley Online Library Journals Frontfile Complete |
| subjects | Auroral zone Declination Electron density Inclination ionosphere Latitude Longitude Magnetic fields Mathematical models Plasma Plasmasphere Solar minimum Studies Thermosphere Weddell Sea Anomaly Wind Wind effects winds |
| title | Investigation of the causes of the longitudinal variation of the electron density in the Weddell Sea Anomaly |
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