Police Bias, Use of Deadly Force, Public Outcry

In their article, "A Bird's-Eye View of Civilians Killed by Police in 2015: Further Evidenceof Implicit Bias," Justin Nix, Bradley Campbell, Edward Byers, and Geoffrey Alpert (2017,this issue) analyzed 990 police fatal shootings, which were compiled by The Washington Postin 2015, to answer the following three research questions: (1) What are the individual-, city-, and agency-level characteristics of all civilians fatally shot by police in 2015? (2) Among those fatally shot, were minority civilians more likely than White civilians to have not beenattacking the police or other civilians? (3) Among those fatally shot, were minority civiliansmore likely than White civilians to have been unarmed? To examine police implicit bias,Nix et al. measured threat perception failure by the following two indicators: (1) whether thecivilian was not attacking the officer(s) or other civilians just before being fatally shot and (2) whether the civilian was unarmed when fatally shot.