IL-34- and M-CSF-induced macrophages switch memory T cells into Th17 cells via membrane IL-1[alpha]

Macrophages orchestrate the immune response via the polarization of CD4+ T helper (Th) cells. Different subsets of macrophages with distinct phenotypes, and sometimes opposite functions, have been described. M-CSF and IL-34 induce the differentiation of monocytes into IL-10high IL-12low immunoregula...

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