Evaporation of water: evaporation rate and collective effects
We study the evaporation rate from single drops as well as collections of drops on a solid substrate, both experimentally and theoretically. For a single isolated drop of water, in general the evaporative flux is limited by diffusion of water through the air, leading to an evaporation rate that is p...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Journal of fluid mechanics 2016-07, Vol.798, p.774-786 |
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| container_title | Journal of fluid mechanics |
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| creator | Carrier, Odile Shahidzadeh-Bonn, Noushine Zargar, Rojman Aytouna, Mounir Habibi, Mehdi Eggers, Jens Bonn, Daniel |
| description | We study the evaporation rate from single drops as well as collections of drops on a solid substrate, both experimentally and theoretically. For a single isolated drop of water, in general the evaporative flux is limited by diffusion of water through the air, leading to an evaporation rate that is proportional to the linear dimension of the drop. Here, we test the limitations of this scaling law for several small drops and for very large drops. We find that both for simple arrangements of drops, as well as for complex drop size distributions found in sprays, cooperative effects between drops are significant. For large drops, we find that the onset of convection introduces a length scale of approximately 20 mm in radius, below which linear scaling is found. Above this length scale, the evaporation rate is proportional to the surface area. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1017/jfm.2016.356 |
| format | Article |
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For a single isolated drop of water, in general the evaporative flux is limited by diffusion of water through the air, leading to an evaporation rate that is proportional to the linear dimension of the drop. Here, we test the limitations of this scaling law for several small drops and for very large drops. We find that both for simple arrangements of drops, as well as for complex drop size distributions found in sprays, cooperative effects between drops are significant. For large drops, we find that the onset of convection introduces a length scale of approximately 20 mm in radius, below which linear scaling is found. Above this length scale, the evaporation rate is proportional to the surface area.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0022-1120</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1469-7645</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1017/jfm.2016.356</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press</publisher><subject>Collections ; Contact angle ; Convection ; Diffusion rate ; Drop size ; Dye dispersion ; Evaporation ; Evaporation rate ; Experiments ; Scaling ; Scaling laws ; Sprayers ; Sprays</subject><ispartof>Journal of fluid mechanics, 2016-07, Vol.798, p.774-786</ispartof><rights>2016 Cambridge University Press</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c340t-53ee074a83010aa0d19d141c8aca19bb2b132183bfe53c265eb18bdd1d085d293</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c340t-53ee074a83010aa0d19d141c8aca19bb2b132183bfe53c265eb18bdd1d085d293</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://www.cambridge.org/core/product/identifier/S0022112016003566/type/journal_article$$EHTML$$P50$$Gcambridge$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>164,314,776,780,27901,27902,55603</link.rule.ids></links><search><creatorcontrib>Carrier, Odile</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Shahidzadeh-Bonn, Noushine</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Zargar, Rojman</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Aytouna, Mounir</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Habibi, Mehdi</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Eggers, Jens</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Bonn, Daniel</creatorcontrib><title>Evaporation of water: evaporation rate and collective effects</title><title>Journal of fluid mechanics</title><addtitle>J. Fluid Mech</addtitle><description>We study the evaporation rate from single drops as well as collections of drops on a solid substrate, both experimentally and theoretically. For a single isolated drop of water, in general the evaporative flux is limited by diffusion of water through the air, leading to an evaporation rate that is proportional to the linear dimension of the drop. Here, we test the limitations of this scaling law for several small drops and for very large drops. We find that both for simple arrangements of drops, as well as for complex drop size distributions found in sprays, cooperative effects between drops are significant. For large drops, we find that the onset of convection introduces a length scale of approximately 20 mm in radius, below which linear scaling is found. Above this length scale, the evaporation rate is proportional to the surface area.</description><subject>Collections</subject><subject>Contact angle</subject><subject>Convection</subject><subject>Diffusion rate</subject><subject>Drop size</subject><subject>Dye dispersion</subject><subject>Evaporation</subject><subject>Evaporation rate</subject><subject>Experiments</subject><subject>Scaling</subject><subject>Scaling laws</subject><subject>Sprayers</subject><subject>Sprays</subject><issn>0022-1120</issn><issn>1469-7645</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2016</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>8G5</sourceid><sourceid>BENPR</sourceid><sourceid>GUQSH</sourceid><sourceid>M2O</sourceid><recordid>eNptkE1Lw0AQhhdRsFZv_oCAVxNndpNNIniQUj-g4EXPy37MSkrb1N204r_vlvbQg6cZhmfeYR7GbhEKBKwf5n5ZcEBZiEqesRGWss1rWVbnbATAeY7I4ZJdxTgHQAFtPWJP061e90EPXb_Kep_96oHCY0Yn01Qo0yuX2X6xIDt0W8rI-9TFa3bh9SLSzbGO2dfL9HPyls8-Xt8nz7PcihKGvBJEUJe6EYCgNThsHZZoG201tsZwg4JjI4ynSlguKzLYGOfQQVM53ooxuzvkrkP_s6E4qHm_Cat0UmGbHpbYoEzU_YGyoY8xkFfr0C11-FMIai9IJUFqL0glQQkvjrhemtC5bzpJ_W9hB-auZ14</recordid><startdate>20160710</startdate><enddate>20160710</enddate><creator>Carrier, Odile</creator><creator>Shahidzadeh-Bonn, Noushine</creator><creator>Zargar, Rojman</creator><creator>Aytouna, Mounir</creator><creator>Habibi, Mehdi</creator><creator>Eggers, Jens</creator><creator>Bonn, Daniel</creator><general>Cambridge University Press</general><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>3V.</scope><scope>7TB</scope><scope>7U5</scope><scope>7UA</scope><scope>7XB</scope><scope>88I</scope><scope>8FD</scope><scope>8FE</scope><scope>8FG</scope><scope>8FK</scope><scope>8G5</scope><scope>ABJCF</scope><scope>ABUWG</scope><scope>AEUYN</scope><scope>AFKRA</scope><scope>ARAPS</scope><scope>AZQEC</scope><scope>BENPR</scope><scope>BGLVJ</scope><scope>BHPHI</scope><scope>BKSAR</scope><scope>C1K</scope><scope>CCPQU</scope><scope>DWQXO</scope><scope>F1W</scope><scope>FR3</scope><scope>GNUQQ</scope><scope>GUQSH</scope><scope>H8D</scope><scope>H96</scope><scope>HCIFZ</scope><scope>KR7</scope><scope>L.G</scope><scope>L6V</scope><scope>L7M</scope><scope>M2O</scope><scope>M2P</scope><scope>M7S</scope><scope>MBDVC</scope><scope>P5Z</scope><scope>P62</scope><scope>PCBAR</scope><scope>PQEST</scope><scope>PQQKQ</scope><scope>PQUKI</scope><scope>PTHSS</scope><scope>Q9U</scope><scope>S0W</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20160710</creationdate><title>Evaporation of water: evaporation rate and collective effects</title><author>Carrier, Odile ; 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Fluid Mech</addtitle><date>2016-07-10</date><risdate>2016</risdate><volume>798</volume><spage>774</spage><epage>786</epage><pages>774-786</pages><issn>0022-1120</issn><eissn>1469-7645</eissn><abstract>We study the evaporation rate from single drops as well as collections of drops on a solid substrate, both experimentally and theoretically. For a single isolated drop of water, in general the evaporative flux is limited by diffusion of water through the air, leading to an evaporation rate that is proportional to the linear dimension of the drop. Here, we test the limitations of this scaling law for several small drops and for very large drops. We find that both for simple arrangements of drops, as well as for complex drop size distributions found in sprays, cooperative effects between drops are significant. For large drops, we find that the onset of convection introduces a length scale of approximately 20 mm in radius, below which linear scaling is found. Above this length scale, the evaporation rate is proportional to the surface area.</abstract><cop>Cambridge, UK</cop><pub>Cambridge University Press</pub><doi>10.1017/jfm.2016.356</doi><tpages>13</tpages><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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| source | Cambridge University Press Journals Complete |
| subjects | Collections Contact angle Convection Diffusion rate Drop size Dye dispersion Evaporation Evaporation rate Experiments Scaling Scaling laws Sprayers Sprays |
| title | Evaporation of water: evaporation rate and collective effects |
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