Ionospheric Phase Screen Compensation for the Sentinel-1 TOPS and ALOS-2 ScanSAR Modes
Variations of the ionosphere can significantly disrupt synthetic aperture radar (SAR) acquisitions and interferometric measurements of ground deformation. In this paper, we show how the ionosphere can also strongly modify C-band interferograms despite its smaller influence at higher frequencies. Thu...
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| creator | Gomba, Giorgio Rodriguez Gonzalez, Fernando De Zan, Francesco |
| description | Variations of the ionosphere can significantly disrupt synthetic aperture radar (SAR) acquisitions and interferometric measurements of ground deformation. In this paper, we show how the ionosphere can also strongly modify C-band interferograms despite its smaller influence at higher frequencies. Thus, ionospheric phase screens should not be neglected: their compensation improves the estimation of ground deformation maps. The split-spectrum method is able to estimate the dispersive ionospheric component of the interferometric phase; we describe the implementation of this method for the burst modes TOPS and ScanSAR to estimate and remove ionospheric phase screens. We present Sentinel-1 interferograms of the 2016 Taiwan earthquake and ALOS-2 interferograms of the 2015 Nepal earthquake, which show strong ionospheric phase gradients, and their corrected versions. Finally, to validate the results and better understand the origin of these ionospheric variations, we compare the estimated differential ionosphere with global Total Electron Content maps and local Global Positioning System measurements. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1109/TGRS.2016.2604461 |
| format | Article |
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In this paper, we show how the ionosphere can also strongly modify C-band interferograms despite its smaller influence at higher frequencies. Thus, ionospheric phase screens should not be neglected: their compensation improves the estimation of ground deformation maps. The split-spectrum method is able to estimate the dispersive ionospheric component of the interferometric phase; we describe the implementation of this method for the burst modes TOPS and ScanSAR to estimate and remove ionospheric phase screens. We present Sentinel-1 interferograms of the 2016 Taiwan earthquake and ALOS-2 interferograms of the 2015 Nepal earthquake, which show strong ionospheric phase gradients, and their corrected versions. Finally, to validate the results and better understand the origin of these ionospheric variations, we compare the estimated differential ionosphere with global Total Electron Content maps and local Global Positioning System measurements.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0196-2892</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1558-0644</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1109/TGRS.2016.2604461</identifier><identifier>CODEN: IGRSD2</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>New York: IEEE</publisher><subject>Azimuth ; C band ; Compensation ; Correlation ; Deformation ; Earthquakes ; Electrostatic discharges ; Global positioning systems ; GPS ; InSAR ; Interferometry ; Ionosphere ; ionosphere estimation ; SAR (radar) ; SAR ionospheric effects ; Satellites ; Screens ; Seismic activity ; split-spectrum ; Synthetic aperture radar ; Timing</subject><ispartof>IEEE transactions on geoscience and remote sensing, 2017-01, Vol.55 (1), p.223-235</ispartof><rights>Copyright The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. (IEEE) 2017</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c359t-1814a1695edba55efdc19d77563f1a50da74665f2b2ea6d287d0c899e85717683</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c359t-1814a1695edba55efdc19d77563f1a50da74665f2b2ea6d287d0c899e85717683</cites><orcidid>0000-0003-0227-2096</orcidid></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/7570182$$EHTML$$P50$$Gieee$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>314,777,781,793,27905,27906,54739</link.rule.ids><linktorsrc>$$Uhttps://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/7570182$$EView_record_in_IEEE$$FView_record_in_$$GIEEE</linktorsrc></links><search><creatorcontrib>Gomba, Giorgio</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Rodriguez Gonzalez, Fernando</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>De Zan, Francesco</creatorcontrib><title>Ionospheric Phase Screen Compensation for the Sentinel-1 TOPS and ALOS-2 ScanSAR Modes</title><title>IEEE transactions on geoscience and remote sensing</title><addtitle>TGRS</addtitle><description>Variations of the ionosphere can significantly disrupt synthetic aperture radar (SAR) acquisitions and interferometric measurements of ground deformation. In this paper, we show how the ionosphere can also strongly modify C-band interferograms despite its smaller influence at higher frequencies. Thus, ionospheric phase screens should not be neglected: their compensation improves the estimation of ground deformation maps. The split-spectrum method is able to estimate the dispersive ionospheric component of the interferometric phase; we describe the implementation of this method for the burst modes TOPS and ScanSAR to estimate and remove ionospheric phase screens. We present Sentinel-1 interferograms of the 2016 Taiwan earthquake and ALOS-2 interferograms of the 2015 Nepal earthquake, which show strong ionospheric phase gradients, and their corrected versions. Finally, to validate the results and better understand the origin of these ionospheric variations, we compare the estimated differential ionosphere with global Total Electron Content maps and local Global Positioning System measurements.</description><subject>Azimuth</subject><subject>C band</subject><subject>Compensation</subject><subject>Correlation</subject><subject>Deformation</subject><subject>Earthquakes</subject><subject>Electrostatic discharges</subject><subject>Global positioning systems</subject><subject>GPS</subject><subject>InSAR</subject><subject>Interferometry</subject><subject>Ionosphere</subject><subject>ionosphere estimation</subject><subject>SAR (radar)</subject><subject>SAR ionospheric effects</subject><subject>Satellites</subject><subject>Screens</subject><subject>Seismic activity</subject><subject>split-spectrum</subject><subject>Synthetic aperture radar</subject><subject>Timing</subject><issn>0196-2892</issn><issn>1558-0644</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2017</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>RIE</sourceid><recordid>eNo9kE1PAjEURRujiYj-AOOmievBvs70a0mIIgkGwqDbpsy8CUOgxXZc-O8dAnH1Fvee-5JDyCOwEQAzL-vpqhxxBnLEJSsKCVdkAELojMmiuCYDBkZmXBt-S-5S2jEGhQA1IF-z4EM6bjG2FV1uXUJaVhHR00k4HNEn17XB0yZE2m37DH3XetxnQNeLZUmdr-l4vigz3mPOl-MV_Qg1pnty07h9wofLHZLPt9f15D2bL6azyXieVbkwXQYaCgfSCKw3Tghs6gpMrZSQeQNOsNqpQkrR8A1HJ2uuVc0qbQxqoUBJnQ_J83n3GMP3D6bO7sJP9P1LC7oQOUiped-Cc6uKIaWIjT3G9uDirwVmT_rsSZ896bMXfT3zdGZaRPzvK6EY9It_3RppIw</recordid><startdate>201701</startdate><enddate>201701</enddate><creator>Gomba, Giorgio</creator><creator>Rodriguez Gonzalez, Fernando</creator><creator>De Zan, Francesco</creator><general>IEEE</general><general>The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. (IEEE)</general><scope>97E</scope><scope>RIA</scope><scope>RIE</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7UA</scope><scope>8FD</scope><scope>C1K</scope><scope>F1W</scope><scope>FR3</scope><scope>H8D</scope><scope>H96</scope><scope>KR7</scope><scope>L.G</scope><scope>L7M</scope><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0227-2096</orcidid></search><sort><creationdate>201701</creationdate><title>Ionospheric Phase Screen Compensation for the Sentinel-1 TOPS and ALOS-2 ScanSAR Modes</title><author>Gomba, Giorgio ; Rodriguez Gonzalez, Fernando ; De Zan, Francesco</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c359t-1814a1695edba55efdc19d77563f1a50da74665f2b2ea6d287d0c899e85717683</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2017</creationdate><topic>Azimuth</topic><topic>C band</topic><topic>Compensation</topic><topic>Correlation</topic><topic>Deformation</topic><topic>Earthquakes</topic><topic>Electrostatic discharges</topic><topic>Global positioning systems</topic><topic>GPS</topic><topic>InSAR</topic><topic>Interferometry</topic><topic>Ionosphere</topic><topic>ionosphere estimation</topic><topic>SAR (radar)</topic><topic>SAR ionospheric effects</topic><topic>Satellites</topic><topic>Screens</topic><topic>Seismic activity</topic><topic>split-spectrum</topic><topic>Synthetic aperture radar</topic><topic>Timing</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Gomba, Giorgio</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Rodriguez Gonzalez, Fernando</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>De Zan, Francesco</creatorcontrib><collection>IEEE All-Society Periodicals Package (ASPP) 2005-present</collection><collection>IEEE All-Society Periodicals Package (ASPP) 1998-Present</collection><collection>IEEE Electronic Library (IEL)</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>Water Resources Abstracts</collection><collection>Technology Research Database</collection><collection>Environmental Sciences and Pollution Management</collection><collection>ASFA: Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Abstracts</collection><collection>Engineering Research Database</collection><collection>Aerospace Database</collection><collection>Aquatic Science & Fisheries Abstracts (ASFA) 2: Ocean Technology, Policy & Non-Living Resources</collection><collection>Civil Engineering Abstracts</collection><collection>Aquatic Science & Fisheries Abstracts (ASFA) Professional</collection><collection>Advanced Technologies Database with Aerospace</collection><jtitle>IEEE transactions on geoscience and remote sensing</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext_linktorsrc</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Gomba, Giorgio</au><au>Rodriguez Gonzalez, Fernando</au><au>De Zan, Francesco</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Ionospheric Phase Screen Compensation for the Sentinel-1 TOPS and ALOS-2 ScanSAR Modes</atitle><jtitle>IEEE transactions on geoscience and remote sensing</jtitle><stitle>TGRS</stitle><date>2017-01</date><risdate>2017</risdate><volume>55</volume><issue>1</issue><spage>223</spage><epage>235</epage><pages>223-235</pages><issn>0196-2892</issn><eissn>1558-0644</eissn><coden>IGRSD2</coden><abstract>Variations of the ionosphere can significantly disrupt synthetic aperture radar (SAR) acquisitions and interferometric measurements of ground deformation. In this paper, we show how the ionosphere can also strongly modify C-band interferograms despite its smaller influence at higher frequencies. Thus, ionospheric phase screens should not be neglected: their compensation improves the estimation of ground deformation maps. The split-spectrum method is able to estimate the dispersive ionospheric component of the interferometric phase; we describe the implementation of this method for the burst modes TOPS and ScanSAR to estimate and remove ionospheric phase screens. We present Sentinel-1 interferograms of the 2016 Taiwan earthquake and ALOS-2 interferograms of the 2015 Nepal earthquake, which show strong ionospheric phase gradients, and their corrected versions. 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| subjects | Azimuth C band Compensation Correlation Deformation Earthquakes Electrostatic discharges Global positioning systems GPS InSAR Interferometry Ionosphere ionosphere estimation SAR (radar) SAR ionospheric effects Satellites Screens Seismic activity split-spectrum Synthetic aperture radar Timing |
| title | Ionospheric Phase Screen Compensation for the Sentinel-1 TOPS and ALOS-2 ScanSAR Modes |
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