The Weak Probability of Punishment for Environmental Offenses and Deterrence of Environmental Offenders: A Discussion Based on USEPA Criminal Cases, 1983-2013

Numerous studies observe a decrease in environmental crimes following imposition of fines or penalties potentially due to general and specific deterrent effects. Here we explore whether those deterrent effects appear plausible by estimating the probability of a USEPA criminal case occurring each yea...

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Veröffentlicht in:	Deviant behavior 2016-10, Vol.37 (10), p.1095-1109
Hauptverfasser:	Lynch, Michael J., Barrett, Kimberly L., Stretesky, Paul B., Long, Michael A.
Format:	Artikel
Sprache:	eng
Schlagworte:	Criminal law Deterrence Environmental law Fines & penalties Offenders Offenses Probability Punishment
Online-Zugang:	Volltext
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