Variability of SO₂, CO, and light hydrocarbons over a megacity in Eastern India: effects of emissions and transport
The Indo-Gangetic plain (IGP) has received extensive attention of the global scientific community due to higher levels of trace gases and aerosols over this region. Satellite retrievals and model simulations show that, in particular, the eastern part IGP is highly polluted. Despite this attention, i...
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| creator | Mallik, Chinmay Ghosh, Dipanjan Ghosh, Debreka Sarkar, Ujjaini Lal, Shyam Venkataramani, S |
| description | The Indo-Gangetic plain (IGP) has received extensive attention of the global scientific community due to higher levels of trace gases and aerosols over this region. Satellite retrievals and model simulations show that, in particular, the eastern part IGP is highly polluted. Despite this attention, in situ measurements of trace gases are very limited over this region. This paper presents measurements of SO₂, CO, CH₄, and C₂–C₅ NMHCs during March 2012–February 2013 over Kolkata, a megacity in the eastern IGP, with a focus on processes impacting their levels. The mean SO₂ and C₂H₆ concentrations during winter and post-monsoon periods were eight and three times higher compared to pre-monsoon and monsoon. Early morning enhancements in SO₂ and several NMHCs during winter connote boundary layer effects. Daytime elevations in SO₂ during pre-monsoon and monsoon suggest impacts of photo-oxidation. Inter-species correlations and trajectory analysis evince transport of SO₂ from regional combustion sources (e.g., coal burning in power plants, industries) along the east of the Indo-Gangetic plain impacting SO₂ levels at the site. However, C₂H₂ to CO ratio over Kolkata, which are comparable to other urban regions in India, show impacts of local biofuel combustions. Further, high levels of C₃H₈ and C₄H₁₀ evince the dominance of LPG/petrochemicals over the study location. The suite of trace gases measured during this study helps to decipher between impacts of local emissions and influence of transport on their levels. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1007/s11356-014-2795-x |
| format | Article |
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Satellite retrievals and model simulations show that, in particular, the eastern part IGP is highly polluted. Despite this attention, in situ measurements of trace gases are very limited over this region. This paper presents measurements of SO₂, CO, CH₄, and C₂–C₅ NMHCs during March 2012–February 2013 over Kolkata, a megacity in the eastern IGP, with a focus on processes impacting their levels. The mean SO₂ and C₂H₆ concentrations during winter and post-monsoon periods were eight and three times higher compared to pre-monsoon and monsoon. Early morning enhancements in SO₂ and several NMHCs during winter connote boundary layer effects. Daytime elevations in SO₂ during pre-monsoon and monsoon suggest impacts of photo-oxidation. Inter-species correlations and trajectory analysis evince transport of SO₂ from regional combustion sources (e.g., coal burning in power plants, industries) along the east of the Indo-Gangetic plain impacting SO₂ levels at the site. However, C₂H₂ to CO ratio over Kolkata, which are comparable to other urban regions in India, show impacts of local biofuel combustions. Further, high levels of C₃H₈ and C₄H₁₀ evince the dominance of LPG/petrochemicals over the study location. 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Satellite retrievals and model simulations show that, in particular, the eastern part IGP is highly polluted. Despite this attention, in situ measurements of trace gases are very limited over this region. This paper presents measurements of SO₂, CO, CH₄, and C₂–C₅ NMHCs during March 2012–February 2013 over Kolkata, a megacity in the eastern IGP, with a focus on processes impacting their levels. The mean SO₂ and C₂H₆ concentrations during winter and post-monsoon periods were eight and three times higher compared to pre-monsoon and monsoon. Early morning enhancements in SO₂ and several NMHCs during winter connote boundary layer effects. Daytime elevations in SO₂ during pre-monsoon and monsoon suggest impacts of photo-oxidation. Inter-species correlations and trajectory analysis evince transport of SO₂ from regional combustion sources (e.g., coal burning in power plants, industries) along the east of the Indo-Gangetic plain impacting SO₂ levels at the site. However, C₂H₂ to CO ratio over Kolkata, which are comparable to other urban regions in India, show impacts of local biofuel combustions. Further, high levels of C₃H₈ and C₄H₁₀ evince the dominance of LPG/petrochemicals over the study location. The suite of trace gases measured during this study helps to decipher between impacts of local emissions and influence of transport on their levels.</description><subject>Aerosols</subject><subject>Air Pollutants - analysis</subject><subject>Air pollution</subject><subject>Aquatic Pollution</subject><subject>Atmospheric chemistry</subject><subject>Atmospheric Protection/Air Quality Control/Air Pollution</subject><subject>Biodiesel fuels</subject><subject>Biofuels</subject><subject>Biomass</subject><subject>Boundary layers</subject><subject>burning</subject><subject>Carbon monoxide</subject><subject>Carbon Monoxide - analysis</subject><subject>Cities - statistics & numerical data</subject><subject>Coal</subject><subject>combustion</subject><subject>Consumption</subject><subject>Earth and Environmental 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Satellite retrievals and model simulations show that, in particular, the eastern part IGP is highly polluted. Despite this attention, in situ measurements of trace gases are very limited over this region. This paper presents measurements of SO₂, CO, CH₄, and C₂–C₅ NMHCs during March 2012–February 2013 over Kolkata, a megacity in the eastern IGP, with a focus on processes impacting their levels. The mean SO₂ and C₂H₆ concentrations during winter and post-monsoon periods were eight and three times higher compared to pre-monsoon and monsoon. Early morning enhancements in SO₂ and several NMHCs during winter connote boundary layer effects. Daytime elevations in SO₂ during pre-monsoon and monsoon suggest impacts of photo-oxidation. Inter-species correlations and trajectory analysis evince transport of SO₂ from regional combustion sources (e.g., coal burning in power plants, industries) along the east of the Indo-Gangetic plain impacting SO₂ levels at the site. However, C₂H₂ to CO ratio over Kolkata, which are comparable to other urban regions in India, show impacts of local biofuel combustions. Further, high levels of C₃H₈ and C₄H₁₀ evince the dominance of LPG/petrochemicals over the study location. The suite of trace gases measured during this study helps to decipher between impacts of local emissions and influence of transport on their levels.</abstract><cop>Berlin/Heidelberg</cop><pub>Springer-Verlag</pub><pmid>24737018</pmid><doi>10.1007/s11356-014-2795-x</doi><tpages>15</tpages></addata></record> |
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| identifier | ISSN: 0944-1344 |
| ispartof | Environmental science and pollution research international, 2014, Vol.21 (14), p.8692-8706 |
| issn | 0944-1344 1614-7499 |
| language | eng |
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| source | MEDLINE; SpringerNature Journals |
| subjects | Aerosols Air Pollutants - analysis Air pollution Aquatic Pollution Atmospheric chemistry Atmospheric Protection/Air Quality Control/Air Pollution Biodiesel fuels Biofuels Biomass Boundary layers burning Carbon monoxide Carbon Monoxide - analysis Cities - statistics & numerical data Coal combustion Consumption Earth and Environmental Science Ecotoxicology Effects Electricity Electrochemistry Emissions Environment Environmental Chemistry Environmental Health Environmental Monitoring Fossil fuels Gases Gasoline Hydrocarbons Hydrocarbons - analysis In situ measurement India Industrial plant emissions industry liquid petroleum gas LPG Megacities methane Methane - analysis monsoon season Monsoons Natural gas Outdoor air quality Oxidation Persistent organic pollutants Petrochemicals Petroleum refineries Photooxidation Pollutants Power Plants Regions Research Article Seasons simulation models Studies Sulfur Sulfur dioxide Sulfur Dioxide - analysis Transportation Urban areas Vehicle Emissions Waste Water Technology Water Management Water pollution Water Pollution Control Wind Winter |
| title | Variability of SO₂, CO, and light hydrocarbons over a megacity in Eastern India: effects of emissions and transport |
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