A [Formula Omitted] A Integrated Current-Sensing System With [Formula Omitted]% Gain Error and 16 [mu]A Offset From [Formula Omitted] to [Formula Omitted]

This paper presents an integrated current-sensing system (CSS) that is intended for the use in battery-powered devices. It consists of a [Formula Omitted] on-chip metal shunt resistor, a switched-capacitor (SC) [Formula Omitted] ADC, and a dynamic bandgap reference (BGR) that provides the ADC's reference voltage and also senses the shunt's temperature. The CSS is realized in a standard [Formula Omitted] CMOS process, occupies [Formula Omitted] and draws [Formula Omitted] from a 1.5 V supply. Extensive measurements were made on 24 devices, 12 of which were directly bonded to a printed-circuit board (PCB) and 12 of which were packaged in a standard HVQFN plastic package. For currents ranging from [Formula Omitted] to [Formula Omitted] A and over a temperature range of [Formula Omitted] to [Formula Omitted], they exhibit a maximum offset of [Formula Omitted] and a maximum gain error of [Formula Omitted]. This level of accuracy represents a significant improvement on the state of the art, and was achieved by the use of an accurate shunt temperature compensation scheme, a low-leakage sampling scheme, and several dynamic error correction techniques.