Prediction of plasma caffeine concentrations in young adolescents following ingestion of caffeinated energy drinks: a Monte Carlo simulation
The fast-growing consumption of caffeinated energy drinks (CEDs) is linked to increasing reports of caffeine intoxication in adolescents. There is limited data available regarding plasma caffeine concentrations in this population after CED intake and the potential implications for caffeine-related t...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | European journal of pediatrics 2015-12, Vol.174 (12), p.1671-1678 |
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| creator | Lee, Jung Woo Kim, Yookyung Perera, Vidya McLachlan, Andrew J. Bae, Kyun-Seop |
| description | The fast-growing consumption of caffeinated energy drinks (CEDs) is linked to increasing reports of caffeine intoxication in adolescents. There is limited data available regarding plasma caffeine concentrations in this population after CED intake and the potential implications for caffeine-related toxicity. This study was an in silico population pharmacokinetic analysis of caffeine. Population pharmacokinetic model of oral caffeine was derived from a previous study of healthy male volunteers. Maximal plasma caffeine concentration (
C
max
) profiles following ingestion of one or two servings of popular CEDs were predicted using Monte Carlo simulation and available population body weight data of 10–15-year-old Korean adolescents. Caffeine
C
max
values were positively correlated with the amount of caffeine ingested in CEDs and negatively correlated with body weight. The median (range)
C
max
profiles varied from a low of 1.2 (0.5–2.6) mg/L to a concentration that is potentially associated with harmful caffeine-related effects of 25.4 (8.1–55.6) mg/L. A subgroup of female 10–11-year-old subjects exhibited the highest caffeine exposure profiles.
Conclusion
: These data indicate that CED ingestion can increase the risk of serious caffeine intoxication in young adolescents, particularly those with low body mass.
What is Known:
•
Excessive consumption of caffeine can lead to serious caffeine intoxication.
•
The risk of potential harmful caffeine intoxication after ingestion of caffeinated energy drinks (CED) has not been adequately evaluated in adolescents
.
What is New:
•
Predicted maximal plasma caffeine concentration profiles of adolescents with lower body weights showed an overlap with the ingested caffeine concentrations obtained from documented fatalities
.
•
The present simulation-based pharmacokinetic analysis demonstrates that CED ingestion could lead to potentially serious caffeine intoxication in this cohort
. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1007/s00431-015-2581-x |
| format | Article |
| fullrecord | <record><control><sourceid>proquest_cross</sourceid><recordid>TN_cdi_proquest_journals_1736888847</recordid><sourceformat>XML</sourceformat><sourcesystem>PC</sourcesystem><sourcerecordid>3878641871</sourcerecordid><originalsourceid>FETCH-LOGICAL-c442t-e19a24b403c2a4b5b3f4557d35297b2d185e922f9a3eaea9f45afd92bb342c683</originalsourceid><addsrcrecordid>eNp1kEtLAzEUhYMotj5-gBsJuB7Nax5xJ8UXVHSh65CZuSlTp0lNZrD9D_5oU6cVNwZC4J5zzwkfQmeUXFJC8qtAiOA0ITRNWFrQZLWHxlRwllCSZ_toTLggSUalHKGjEOYk7khaHKIRyyjlrMjG6OvFQ91UXeMsdgYvWx0WGlfaGGgs4MrZCmzn9cYQcGPx2vV2hnXtWggbKWDj2tZ9NnEaL4Rd1DZDd1BjsOBna1z7xr6Ha6zxk7Md4In2rcOhWfTtT8EJOjC6DXC6fY_R293t6-QhmT7fP05upkklBOsSoFIzUQrCK6ZFmZbciDTNa54ymZespkUKkjEjNQcNWkZVm1qysuSCVVnBj9HFkLv07qOPX1Zz13sbKxXNeVbEI_LoooOr8i4ED0YtfbPQfq0oURv-auCvIn-14a9Wced8m9yXC6h_N3bAo4ENhhCliMv_qf439RtF5JP-</addsrcrecordid><sourcetype>Aggregation Database</sourcetype><iscdi>true</iscdi><recordtype>article</recordtype><pqid>1736888847</pqid></control><display><type>article</type><title>Prediction of plasma caffeine concentrations in young adolescents following ingestion of caffeinated energy drinks: a Monte Carlo simulation</title><source>MEDLINE</source><source>SpringerNature Journals</source><creator>Lee, Jung Woo ; Kim, Yookyung ; Perera, Vidya ; McLachlan, Andrew J. ; Bae, Kyun-Seop</creator><creatorcontrib>Lee, Jung Woo ; Kim, Yookyung ; Perera, Vidya ; McLachlan, Andrew J. ; Bae, Kyun-Seop</creatorcontrib><description>The fast-growing consumption of caffeinated energy drinks (CEDs) is linked to increasing reports of caffeine intoxication in adolescents. There is limited data available regarding plasma caffeine concentrations in this population after CED intake and the potential implications for caffeine-related toxicity. This study was an in silico population pharmacokinetic analysis of caffeine. Population pharmacokinetic model of oral caffeine was derived from a previous study of healthy male volunteers. Maximal plasma caffeine concentration (
C
max
) profiles following ingestion of one or two servings of popular CEDs were predicted using Monte Carlo simulation and available population body weight data of 10–15-year-old Korean adolescents. Caffeine
C
max
values were positively correlated with the amount of caffeine ingested in CEDs and negatively correlated with body weight. The median (range)
C
max
profiles varied from a low of 1.2 (0.5–2.6) mg/L to a concentration that is potentially associated with harmful caffeine-related effects of 25.4 (8.1–55.6) mg/L. A subgroup of female 10–11-year-old subjects exhibited the highest caffeine exposure profiles.
Conclusion
: These data indicate that CED ingestion can increase the risk of serious caffeine intoxication in young adolescents, particularly those with low body mass.
What is Known:
•
Excessive consumption of caffeine can lead to serious caffeine intoxication.
•
The risk of potential harmful caffeine intoxication after ingestion of caffeinated energy drinks (CED) has not been adequately evaluated in adolescents
.
What is New:
•
Predicted maximal plasma caffeine concentration profiles of adolescents with lower body weights showed an overlap with the ingested caffeine concentrations obtained from documented fatalities
.
•
The present simulation-based pharmacokinetic analysis demonstrates that CED ingestion could lead to potentially serious caffeine intoxication in this cohort
.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0340-6199</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1432-1076</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1007/s00431-015-2581-x</identifier><identifier>PMID: 26113286</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Berlin/Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg</publisher><subject>Adolescent ; Caffeine ; Caffeine - blood ; Caffeine - toxicity ; Child ; Energy Drinks ; Fatalities ; Female ; Humans ; Intoxication ; Male ; Medicine ; Medicine & Public Health ; Monte Carlo Method ; Monte Carlo simulation ; Pediatrics ; Pharmacokinetics ; Pharmacy ; Plasma ; Poisoning ; Poisons ; Republic of Korea ; Short Communication ; Teenagers ; Toxicity</subject><ispartof>European journal of pediatrics, 2015-12, Vol.174 (12), p.1671-1678</ispartof><rights>Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2015</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c442t-e19a24b403c2a4b5b3f4557d35297b2d185e922f9a3eaea9f45afd92bb342c683</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c442t-e19a24b403c2a4b5b3f4557d35297b2d185e922f9a3eaea9f45afd92bb342c683</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s00431-015-2581-x$$EPDF$$P50$$Gspringer$$H</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://link.springer.com/10.1007/s00431-015-2581-x$$EHTML$$P50$$Gspringer$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>314,780,784,27924,27925,41488,42557,51319</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26113286$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Lee, Jung Woo</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kim, Yookyung</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Perera, Vidya</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>McLachlan, Andrew J.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Bae, Kyun-Seop</creatorcontrib><title>Prediction of plasma caffeine concentrations in young adolescents following ingestion of caffeinated energy drinks: a Monte Carlo simulation</title><title>European journal of pediatrics</title><addtitle>Eur J Pediatr</addtitle><addtitle>Eur J Pediatr</addtitle><description>The fast-growing consumption of caffeinated energy drinks (CEDs) is linked to increasing reports of caffeine intoxication in adolescents. There is limited data available regarding plasma caffeine concentrations in this population after CED intake and the potential implications for caffeine-related toxicity. This study was an in silico population pharmacokinetic analysis of caffeine. Population pharmacokinetic model of oral caffeine was derived from a previous study of healthy male volunteers. Maximal plasma caffeine concentration (
C
max
) profiles following ingestion of one or two servings of popular CEDs were predicted using Monte Carlo simulation and available population body weight data of 10–15-year-old Korean adolescents. Caffeine
C
max
values were positively correlated with the amount of caffeine ingested in CEDs and negatively correlated with body weight. The median (range)
C
max
profiles varied from a low of 1.2 (0.5–2.6) mg/L to a concentration that is potentially associated with harmful caffeine-related effects of 25.4 (8.1–55.6) mg/L. A subgroup of female 10–11-year-old subjects exhibited the highest caffeine exposure profiles.
Conclusion
: These data indicate that CED ingestion can increase the risk of serious caffeine intoxication in young adolescents, particularly those with low body mass.
What is Known:
•
Excessive consumption of caffeine can lead to serious caffeine intoxication.
•
The risk of potential harmful caffeine intoxication after ingestion of caffeinated energy drinks (CED) has not been adequately evaluated in adolescents
.
What is New:
•
Predicted maximal plasma caffeine concentration profiles of adolescents with lower body weights showed an overlap with the ingested caffeine concentrations obtained from documented fatalities
.
•
The present simulation-based pharmacokinetic analysis demonstrates that CED ingestion could lead to potentially serious caffeine intoxication in this cohort
.</description><subject>Adolescent</subject><subject>Caffeine</subject><subject>Caffeine - blood</subject><subject>Caffeine - toxicity</subject><subject>Child</subject><subject>Energy Drinks</subject><subject>Fatalities</subject><subject>Female</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Intoxication</subject><subject>Male</subject><subject>Medicine</subject><subject>Medicine & Public Health</subject><subject>Monte Carlo Method</subject><subject>Monte Carlo simulation</subject><subject>Pediatrics</subject><subject>Pharmacokinetics</subject><subject>Pharmacy</subject><subject>Plasma</subject><subject>Poisoning</subject><subject>Poisons</subject><subject>Republic of Korea</subject><subject>Short Communication</subject><subject>Teenagers</subject><subject>Toxicity</subject><issn>0340-6199</issn><issn>1432-1076</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2015</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><sourceid>ABUWG</sourceid><sourceid>AFKRA</sourceid><sourceid>AZQEC</sourceid><sourceid>BENPR</sourceid><sourceid>CCPQU</sourceid><recordid>eNp1kEtLAzEUhYMotj5-gBsJuB7Nax5xJ8UXVHSh65CZuSlTp0lNZrD9D_5oU6cVNwZC4J5zzwkfQmeUXFJC8qtAiOA0ITRNWFrQZLWHxlRwllCSZ_toTLggSUalHKGjEOYk7khaHKIRyyjlrMjG6OvFQ91UXeMsdgYvWx0WGlfaGGgs4MrZCmzn9cYQcGPx2vV2hnXtWggbKWDj2tZ9NnEaL4Rd1DZDd1BjsOBna1z7xr6Ha6zxk7Md4In2rcOhWfTtT8EJOjC6DXC6fY_R293t6-QhmT7fP05upkklBOsSoFIzUQrCK6ZFmZbciDTNa54ymZespkUKkjEjNQcNWkZVm1qysuSCVVnBj9HFkLv07qOPX1Zz13sbKxXNeVbEI_LoooOr8i4ED0YtfbPQfq0oURv-auCvIn-14a9Wced8m9yXC6h_N3bAo4ENhhCliMv_qf439RtF5JP-</recordid><startdate>20151201</startdate><enddate>20151201</enddate><creator>Lee, Jung Woo</creator><creator>Kim, Yookyung</creator><creator>Perera, Vidya</creator><creator>McLachlan, Andrew J.</creator><creator>Bae, Kyun-Seop</creator><general>Springer Berlin Heidelberg</general><general>Springer Nature B.V</general><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>3V.</scope><scope>7RV</scope><scope>7TK</scope><scope>7X7</scope><scope>7XB</scope><scope>88E</scope><scope>8C1</scope><scope>8FI</scope><scope>8FJ</scope><scope>8FK</scope><scope>ABUWG</scope><scope>AFKRA</scope><scope>AZQEC</scope><scope>BENPR</scope><scope>CCPQU</scope><scope>FYUFA</scope><scope>GHDGH</scope><scope>K9-</scope><scope>K9.</scope><scope>KB0</scope><scope>M0R</scope><scope>M0S</scope><scope>M1P</scope><scope>NAPCQ</scope><scope>PQEST</scope><scope>PQQKQ</scope><scope>PQUKI</scope><scope>PRINS</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20151201</creationdate><title>Prediction of plasma caffeine concentrations in young adolescents following ingestion of caffeinated energy drinks: a Monte Carlo simulation</title><author>Lee, Jung Woo ; Kim, Yookyung ; Perera, Vidya ; McLachlan, Andrew J. ; Bae, Kyun-Seop</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c442t-e19a24b403c2a4b5b3f4557d35297b2d185e922f9a3eaea9f45afd92bb342c683</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2015</creationdate><topic>Adolescent</topic><topic>Caffeine</topic><topic>Caffeine - blood</topic><topic>Caffeine - toxicity</topic><topic>Child</topic><topic>Energy Drinks</topic><topic>Fatalities</topic><topic>Female</topic><topic>Humans</topic><topic>Intoxication</topic><topic>Male</topic><topic>Medicine</topic><topic>Medicine & Public Health</topic><topic>Monte Carlo Method</topic><topic>Monte Carlo simulation</topic><topic>Pediatrics</topic><topic>Pharmacokinetics</topic><topic>Pharmacy</topic><topic>Plasma</topic><topic>Poisoning</topic><topic>Poisons</topic><topic>Republic of Korea</topic><topic>Short Communication</topic><topic>Teenagers</topic><topic>Toxicity</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Lee, Jung Woo</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kim, Yookyung</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Perera, Vidya</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>McLachlan, Andrew J.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Bae, Kyun-Seop</creatorcontrib><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Corporate)</collection><collection>Nursing & Allied Health Database</collection><collection>Neurosciences Abstracts</collection><collection>Health & Medical Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>Medical Database (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>Public Health Database</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni) (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central UK/Ireland</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Essentials</collection><collection>ProQuest Central</collection><collection>ProQuest One Community College</collection><collection>Health Research Premium Collection</collection><collection>Health Research Premium Collection (Alumni)</collection><collection>Consumer Health Database (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Health & Medical Complete (Alumni)</collection><collection>Nursing & Allied Health Database (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>Consumer Health Database</collection><collection>Health & Medical Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>Medical Database</collection><collection>Nursing & Allied Health Premium</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition (DO NOT USE)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition</collection><collection>ProQuest Central China</collection><jtitle>European journal of pediatrics</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Lee, Jung Woo</au><au>Kim, Yookyung</au><au>Perera, Vidya</au><au>McLachlan, Andrew J.</au><au>Bae, Kyun-Seop</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Prediction of plasma caffeine concentrations in young adolescents following ingestion of caffeinated energy drinks: a Monte Carlo simulation</atitle><jtitle>European journal of pediatrics</jtitle><stitle>Eur J Pediatr</stitle><addtitle>Eur J Pediatr</addtitle><date>2015-12-01</date><risdate>2015</risdate><volume>174</volume><issue>12</issue><spage>1671</spage><epage>1678</epage><pages>1671-1678</pages><issn>0340-6199</issn><eissn>1432-1076</eissn><abstract>The fast-growing consumption of caffeinated energy drinks (CEDs) is linked to increasing reports of caffeine intoxication in adolescents. There is limited data available regarding plasma caffeine concentrations in this population after CED intake and the potential implications for caffeine-related toxicity. This study was an in silico population pharmacokinetic analysis of caffeine. Population pharmacokinetic model of oral caffeine was derived from a previous study of healthy male volunteers. Maximal plasma caffeine concentration (
C
max
) profiles following ingestion of one or two servings of popular CEDs were predicted using Monte Carlo simulation and available population body weight data of 10–15-year-old Korean adolescents. Caffeine
C
max
values were positively correlated with the amount of caffeine ingested in CEDs and negatively correlated with body weight. The median (range)
C
max
profiles varied from a low of 1.2 (0.5–2.6) mg/L to a concentration that is potentially associated with harmful caffeine-related effects of 25.4 (8.1–55.6) mg/L. A subgroup of female 10–11-year-old subjects exhibited the highest caffeine exposure profiles.
Conclusion
: These data indicate that CED ingestion can increase the risk of serious caffeine intoxication in young adolescents, particularly those with low body mass.
What is Known:
•
Excessive consumption of caffeine can lead to serious caffeine intoxication.
•
The risk of potential harmful caffeine intoxication after ingestion of caffeinated energy drinks (CED) has not been adequately evaluated in adolescents
.
What is New:
•
Predicted maximal plasma caffeine concentration profiles of adolescents with lower body weights showed an overlap with the ingested caffeine concentrations obtained from documented fatalities
.
•
The present simulation-based pharmacokinetic analysis demonstrates that CED ingestion could lead to potentially serious caffeine intoxication in this cohort
.</abstract><cop>Berlin/Heidelberg</cop><pub>Springer Berlin Heidelberg</pub><pmid>26113286</pmid><doi>10.1007/s00431-015-2581-x</doi><tpages>8</tpages></addata></record> |
| fulltext | fulltext |
| identifier | ISSN: 0340-6199 |
| ispartof | European journal of pediatrics, 2015-12, Vol.174 (12), p.1671-1678 |
| issn | 0340-6199 1432-1076 |
| language | eng |
| recordid | cdi_proquest_journals_1736888847 |
| source | MEDLINE; SpringerNature Journals |
| subjects | Adolescent Caffeine Caffeine - blood Caffeine - toxicity Child Energy Drinks Fatalities Female Humans Intoxication Male Medicine Medicine & Public Health Monte Carlo Method Monte Carlo simulation Pediatrics Pharmacokinetics Pharmacy Plasma Poisoning Poisons Republic of Korea Short Communication Teenagers Toxicity |
| title | Prediction of plasma caffeine concentrations in young adolescents following ingestion of caffeinated energy drinks: a Monte Carlo simulation |
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