A Career of Lifelong Learning, Not Lifelong Training

If we consider an average age of graduation from high school of 18 years, 4 years of undergraduate studies with pre-medical requirements, 4 years of medical school, 3 years of residency, and 3 years of general cardiology fellowship, we find 32-year-old individuals with sizable student loans pending, looking at more years of training. [...]there is a chance that in 6 or 7 years, the incentives for more and more superspecialization will be reversed, and the clinical cardiologist will be recognized with higher value, diminishing the demand for procedural skills.