Le mythe des écumeurs de mer et la vie de Jean Bart

La popularité de Jean Bart constitue un exemple de l'essor du mythe des écumeurs de mer dans la littérature du XVIIe au XIXe siècle. Moins de cinquante ans après la mort de ce corsaire, en 1762, les récits alors rédigés sur sa vie contiennent un ensemble d'anecdotes fictives. A travers le...

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Veröffentlicht in:Ethnologie française 1979-07, Vol.9 (3), p.271-280
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description La popularité de Jean Bart constitue un exemple de l'essor du mythe des écumeurs de mer dans la littérature du XVIIe au XIXe siècle. Moins de cinquante ans après la mort de ce corsaire, en 1762, les récits alors rédigés sur sa vie contiennent un ensemble d'anecdotes fictives. A travers le développement de ces anecdotes et les contestations dont elles font l'objet au XIXe siècle, il est possible de distinguer trois portraits différents de Jean Bart. Il est représenté soit en homme du peuple, célèbre pour avoir bousculé les courtisans à Versailles, soit en marin naïf et indépendant, soit enfin, comme un modèle de courage guerrier, Jean Bart n'hésitant pas à risquer sa vie et celle de son enfant au cours des combats. One example of the rise of the pirate myth in 17th, 18th and 19th century literature is the legend of Jean Bart. In 1762, less than 50 years after the death of this famous privateer, accounts of his life contained a wealth of ficticious anecdotes. By following both the development of these anecdotes and the 19th century's re-examination of these same tales, three different portraits of Jean Bart come to light. He appears either as a member of the lower classes, famous for having upset the courtisans of Versailles, as a naïve and independent sailor, or, lastly, as a model of martial courage in that he never hesitated to risk his own life or that of his son in battle.
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title Le mythe des écumeurs de mer et la vie de Jean Bart
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