Structural basis for Na^sup +^ transport mechanism by a light-driven Na^sup +^ pump

Krokinobacter eikastus rhodopsin 2 (KR2) is the first light-driven Na^sup +^ pump discovered, and is viewed as a potential next-generation optogenetics tool. Since the positively charged Schiff base proton, located within the ion-conducting pathway of all light-driven ion pumps, was thought to prohi...

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Veröffentlicht in:Nature (London) 2015-05, Vol.521 (7550), p.48
Hauptverfasser: Kato, Hideaki E, Inoue, Keiichi, Abe-Yoshizumi, Rei, Kato, Yoshitaka, Ono, Hikaru, Konno, Masae, Hososhima, Shoko, Ishizuka, Toru, Hoque, Mohammad Razuanul, Kunitomo, Hirofumi, Ito, Jumpei, Yoshizawa, Susumu, Yamashita, Keitaro, Takemoto, Mizuki, Nishizawa, Tomohiro, Taniguchi, Reiya, Kogure, Kazuhiro, Maturana, Andrés D, Iino, Yuichi, Yawo, Hiromu, Ishitani, Ryuichiro, Kandori, Hideki, Nureki, Osamu
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container_start_page 48
container_title Nature (London)
container_volume 521
creator Kato, Hideaki E
Inoue, Keiichi
Abe-Yoshizumi, Rei
Kato, Yoshitaka
Ono, Hikaru
Konno, Masae
Hososhima, Shoko
Ishizuka, Toru
Hoque, Mohammad Razuanul
Kunitomo, Hirofumi
Ito, Jumpei
Yoshizawa, Susumu
Yamashita, Keitaro
Takemoto, Mizuki
Nishizawa, Tomohiro
Taniguchi, Reiya
Kogure, Kazuhiro
Maturana, Andrés D
Iino, Yuichi
Yawo, Hiromu
Ishitani, Ryuichiro
Kandori, Hideki
Nureki, Osamu
description Krokinobacter eikastus rhodopsin 2 (KR2) is the first light-driven Na^sup +^ pump discovered, and is viewed as a potential next-generation optogenetics tool. Since the positively charged Schiff base proton, located within the ion-conducting pathway of all light-driven ion pumps, was thought to prohibit the transport of a non-proton cation, the discovery of KR2 raised the question of how it achieves Na^sup +^ transport. Here we present crystal structures of KR2 under neutral and acidic conditions, which represent the resting and M-like intermediate states, respectively. Structural and spectroscopic analyses revealed the gating mechanism, whereby the flipping of Asp116 sequesters the Schiff base proton from the conducting pathway to facilitate Na^sup +^ transport. Together with the structure-based engineering of the first light-driven K^sup +^ pumps, electrophysiological assays in mammalian neurons and behavioural assays in a nematode, our studies reveal the molecular basis for light-driven non-proton cation pumps and thus provide a framework that may advance the development of next-generation optogenetics.
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subjects Light
Molecular structure
Neurosciences
Physiology
Polyethylene glycol
Proteins
Protons
Sodium
Studies
title Structural basis for Na^sup +^ transport mechanism by a light-driven Na^sup +^ pump
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