Cytoreductive Surgery and Hyperthermic Intraperitoneal Chemotherapy for Malignant Peritoneal Mesothelioma: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

Background Due to the increased adoption of cytoreductive surgery (CRS) and hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC), patients with malignant peritoneal mesothelioma (MPM) have seen improved outcomes. We aimed to evaluate and synthesize the recent published literature. Methods The review was conducted according to the recommendation of the Meta-Analysis of Observational Studies in Epidemiology group with prespecified inclusion and exclusion criteria. The DEALE method was used to combine mortality rates, and imputation techniques were used to calculate standard errors. Meta-regression techniques were used to synthesize data. Publication bias was assessed using funnel plots. Results Of 6,528 citations collected, 20 articles reporting on 1,047 patients were included in the analysis. The median age was 51 years (interquartile range 49–55), with 59 % (54–67) female. The median peritoneal carcinomatosis index score was 19 (16–23). Complete cytoreduction (CC0, 1) was performed in 67 % (46–93 %) of patients. Pooled estimates of survival yielded a 1-, 3- and 5-year survival of 84, 59, and 42 %, respectively. Patients receiving early postoperative intraperitoneal chemotherapy [EPIC] (44 %) and those receiving cisplatin intraperitoneal chemotherapy alone (48 %) or in combination (44 %) had an improved 5-year survival. Conclusions While CRS + HIPEC has led to an improved survival for patients with MPM compared to historic data, heterogeneity of studies precludes generalizable inferences. EPIC chemotherapy and cisplatin chemoperfusion may infer survival benefit.