Possible Factors in the Development of Same-Sex Attraction (SSA)1

Each human being, including one who experiences same-sex attraction (SSA), possesses a nature and existence that in some ways is universal, in some ways is pluralistic, and in some ways is unique. Genetic and biological factors may influence, but do not (pre-) determine, the development of gender identity in general or SSA in particular. Certain early life experiences influence the development of gender identity, depending on how these influences are perceived and internalized by the individual. Perceived disaffirmation from and other experiences with parents, siblings, peers, and/or others may predispose to, but do not predetermine, the development of SSA. Same-sex attractions have meaning beyond the simple desire for sexual gratification. These may include: 1) Unmet needs and unrealized growth and maturation; 2) unresolved feelings, unhealed hurts, and unreconciled relationships; 3) unrealistic hopes, fears, and expectations for self and others, and unfulfilling-and inauthentic-self-image/identity; and 4) unmanaged co-occurring compulsions and addictions (among them addiction to sex, alcohol and other drugs, and food) as well as disorders of mood (anxiety, depression) and personality. To be helpful, medical and mental health care for unwanted homosexuality-like all professional care for any presenting concern-must be given personally, one client at a time, to those who freely seek it. Homosexual feelings and behavior are not innate or immutable, and homosexual behavior is not without significant risk to medical, psychological, and relational health. Understanding the psychological issues involved-including the risk factors and bio-psycho-social realities that those who experience unwanted SSA may face-may help such persons manage and resolve the issues involved as well as the unwanted SSA. Some state, national, and international legislatures and professional organizations are working to stifle, instead of to facilitate, the right of persons to receive-and professionals to give-assistance for dealing with unwanted SSA. Men, women, and children can hardly be adequately described by a reductionist reference to their sexual orientation-in other words, their being a "heterosexual" or a "homosexual." Human beings have a much more fondamental identity.