CYP2C9 and VKORC1 polymorphisms influence warfarin dose variability in patients on long-term anticoagulation
Objectives The main aim of this study was to determine whether CYP2C9 and VKORC1 polymorphisms influence warfarin dose variability during initial dose-finding phase and during maintenance treatment after 360 days. Methods Two hundred and six consecutive patients who were beginning warfarin therapy w...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | European journal of clinical pharmacology 2013-04, Vol.69 (4), p.789-797 |
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| creator | Santos, Paulo Caleb Junior Lima Dinardo, Carla Luana Schettert, Isolmar Tadeu Soares, Renata Alonso Gadi Kawabata-Yoshihara, Liz Bensenor, Isabela Martins Krieger, José Eduardo Lotufo, Paulo Andrade Pereira, Alexandre Costa |
| description | Objectives
The main aim of this study was to determine whether
CYP2C9
and
VKORC1
polymorphisms influence warfarin dose variability during initial dose-finding phase and during maintenance treatment after 360 days.
Methods
Two hundred and six consecutive patients who were beginning warfarin therapy were selected. They were assessed for general and clinical characteristics; prescribed warfarin dose; response to therapy on days 7–10, 30, 60, 180, and 360; adverse events; and
CYP2C9
*2, *3, *5, *6, *8, *11, and
VKORC1
1639G >A assays.
Results
During the first 30 days of anticoagulation, the relative variability of warfarin dose was significantly associated with
CYP2C9*2
and
CYP2C9*3
polymorphisms (
p
= 0.02) and with
VKORC1
1639G >A genotypes (
p
= 0.04). Warfarin variability was also statistically different according to predicted metabolic phenotype and to
VKORC1
genotypes after 360 days of treatment, and in the phase between 180 and 360 days (long-term dose variability). Both
CYP2C9
and
VKORC1
polymorphisms were associated with the international normalized ratio (INR) made between 7 and 10 days/initial dose ratio, adjusted for covariates (
p
|
| doi_str_mv | 10.1007/s00228-012-1404-5 |
| format | Article |
| fullrecord | <record><control><sourceid>proquest_cross</sourceid><recordid>TN_cdi_proquest_journals_1529967918</recordid><sourceformat>XML</sourceformat><sourcesystem>PC</sourcesystem><sourcerecordid>3318056761</sourcerecordid><originalsourceid>FETCH-LOGICAL-c402t-567a4bf9ec0ef1aad12ec1b0528c2604d4a0ef669eb2d9532e89054bf6b32b0c3</originalsourceid><addsrcrecordid>eNp1kEtr3TAQhUVpSW6T_IBuiqB06WRGfmpZTF8kkBKSQldCluVbBVtyJbvh_vtOuLdtNlkIzXC-OSMdxt4gnCNAfZEAhGgyQJFhAUVWvmAbLHLqoMCXbAOQY1bJGo7Z65TuAbCUkB-xYyEkFTlu2Nj--CZaybXv-ffL65sW-RzG3RTi_NOlKXHnh3G13lj-oOOgo_O8D8ny31Tqzo1u2RHDZ70465fEg-dj8NtssXEi18WZoLfrSHLwp-zVoMdkzw73Cbv79PG2_ZJdXX_-2n64ykwBYsnKqtZFN0hrwA6odY_CGuygFI0RFRR9oUmoKmk70csyF7aRUNJE1eWiA5OfsHd73zmGX6tNi7oPa_S0UmFJX69qiQ1RuKdMDClFO6g5uknHnUJQj_mqfb6K8lWP-aqSZt4enNdusv2_ib-BEvD-AOhk9DhE7Y1L_7k6b-hI4sSeSyT5rY1Pnvjs9j9SypLp</addsrcrecordid><sourcetype>Aggregation Database</sourcetype><iscdi>true</iscdi><recordtype>article</recordtype><pqid>1529967918</pqid></control><display><type>article</type><title>CYP2C9 and VKORC1 polymorphisms influence warfarin dose variability in patients on long-term anticoagulation</title><source>MEDLINE</source><source>SpringerLink Journals - AutoHoldings</source><creator>Santos, Paulo Caleb Junior Lima ; Dinardo, Carla Luana ; Schettert, Isolmar Tadeu ; Soares, Renata Alonso Gadi ; Kawabata-Yoshihara, Liz ; Bensenor, Isabela Martins ; Krieger, José Eduardo ; Lotufo, Paulo Andrade ; Pereira, Alexandre Costa</creator><creatorcontrib>Santos, Paulo Caleb Junior Lima ; Dinardo, Carla Luana ; Schettert, Isolmar Tadeu ; Soares, Renata Alonso Gadi ; Kawabata-Yoshihara, Liz ; Bensenor, Isabela Martins ; Krieger, José Eduardo ; Lotufo, Paulo Andrade ; Pereira, Alexandre Costa</creatorcontrib><description>Objectives
The main aim of this study was to determine whether
CYP2C9
and
VKORC1
polymorphisms influence warfarin dose variability during initial dose-finding phase and during maintenance treatment after 360 days.
Methods
Two hundred and six consecutive patients who were beginning warfarin therapy were selected. They were assessed for general and clinical characteristics; prescribed warfarin dose; response to therapy on days 7–10, 30, 60, 180, and 360; adverse events; and
CYP2C9
*2, *3, *5, *6, *8, *11, and
VKORC1
1639G >A assays.
Results
During the first 30 days of anticoagulation, the relative variability of warfarin dose was significantly associated with
CYP2C9*2
and
CYP2C9*3
polymorphisms (
p
= 0.02) and with
VKORC1
1639G >A genotypes (
p
= 0.04). Warfarin variability was also statistically different according to predicted metabolic phenotype and to
VKORC1
genotypes after 360 days of treatment, and in the phase between 180 and 360 days (long-term dose variability). Both
CYP2C9
and
VKORC1
polymorphisms were associated with the international normalized ratio (INR) made between 7 and 10 days/initial dose ratio, adjusted for covariates (
p
< 0.01 and
p
= 0.02, respectively). Patients carrying
VKORC1
and
CYP2C9
variants presented lower required dose (at the end of follow-up of 360 days) compared to patients carrying wild-type genotypes (
p
= 0.04 and
p
= 0.03, respectively).
Conclusions
Genetic information on
CYP2C9
and
VKORC1
is important both for the initial dose-finding phase and during maintenance treatment with warfarin.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0031-6970</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1432-1041</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1007/s00228-012-1404-5</identifier><identifier>PMID: 22990331</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Berlin/Heidelberg: Springer-Verlag</publisher><subject>Anticoagulants - administration & dosage ; Anticoagulants - adverse effects ; Anticoagulants - pharmacokinetics ; Anticoagulants - pharmacology ; Aryl Hydrocarbon Hydroxylases - genetics ; Biological and medical sciences ; Biomedical and Life Sciences ; Biomedicine ; Blood Coagulation - drug effects ; Coagulation ; Cytochrome P-450 CYP2C9 ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Drug therapy ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Gene Frequency ; Genetics ; Genotype ; Humans ; Male ; Medical sciences ; Middle Aged ; Mixed Function Oxygenases - genetics ; Pharmacogenetics ; Pharmacology. Drug treatments ; Pharmacology/Toxicology ; Polymorphism ; Polymorphism, Genetic ; Prospective Studies ; Time Factors ; Vitamin K Epoxide Reductases ; Warfarin - administration & dosage ; Warfarin - adverse effects ; Warfarin - pharmacokinetics ; Warfarin - pharmacology</subject><ispartof>European journal of clinical pharmacology, 2013-04, Vol.69 (4), p.789-797</ispartof><rights>Springer-Verlag 2012</rights><rights>2014 INIST-CNRS</rights><rights>Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2013</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c402t-567a4bf9ec0ef1aad12ec1b0528c2604d4a0ef669eb2d9532e89054bf6b32b0c3</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c402t-567a4bf9ec0ef1aad12ec1b0528c2604d4a0ef669eb2d9532e89054bf6b32b0c3</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s00228-012-1404-5$$EPDF$$P50$$Gspringer$$H</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://link.springer.com/10.1007/s00228-012-1404-5$$EHTML$$P50$$Gspringer$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>314,780,784,27924,27925,41488,42557,51319</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttp://pascal-francis.inist.fr/vibad/index.php?action=getRecordDetail&idt=27382739$$DView record in Pascal Francis$$Hfree_for_read</backlink><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22990331$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Santos, Paulo Caleb Junior Lima</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Dinardo, Carla Luana</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Schettert, Isolmar Tadeu</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Soares, Renata Alonso Gadi</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kawabata-Yoshihara, Liz</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Bensenor, Isabela Martins</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Krieger, José Eduardo</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Lotufo, Paulo Andrade</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Pereira, Alexandre Costa</creatorcontrib><title>CYP2C9 and VKORC1 polymorphisms influence warfarin dose variability in patients on long-term anticoagulation</title><title>European journal of clinical pharmacology</title><addtitle>Eur J Clin Pharmacol</addtitle><addtitle>Eur J Clin Pharmacol</addtitle><description>Objectives
The main aim of this study was to determine whether
CYP2C9
and
VKORC1
polymorphisms influence warfarin dose variability during initial dose-finding phase and during maintenance treatment after 360 days.
Methods
Two hundred and six consecutive patients who were beginning warfarin therapy were selected. They were assessed for general and clinical characteristics; prescribed warfarin dose; response to therapy on days 7–10, 30, 60, 180, and 360; adverse events; and
CYP2C9
*2, *3, *5, *6, *8, *11, and
VKORC1
1639G >A assays.
Results
During the first 30 days of anticoagulation, the relative variability of warfarin dose was significantly associated with
CYP2C9*2
and
CYP2C9*3
polymorphisms (
p
= 0.02) and with
VKORC1
1639G >A genotypes (
p
= 0.04). Warfarin variability was also statistically different according to predicted metabolic phenotype and to
VKORC1
genotypes after 360 days of treatment, and in the phase between 180 and 360 days (long-term dose variability). Both
CYP2C9
and
VKORC1
polymorphisms were associated with the international normalized ratio (INR) made between 7 and 10 days/initial dose ratio, adjusted for covariates (
p
< 0.01 and
p
= 0.02, respectively). Patients carrying
VKORC1
and
CYP2C9
variants presented lower required dose (at the end of follow-up of 360 days) compared to patients carrying wild-type genotypes (
p
= 0.04 and
p
= 0.03, respectively).
Conclusions
Genetic information on
CYP2C9
and
VKORC1
is important both for the initial dose-finding phase and during maintenance treatment with warfarin.</description><subject>Anticoagulants - administration & dosage</subject><subject>Anticoagulants - adverse effects</subject><subject>Anticoagulants - pharmacokinetics</subject><subject>Anticoagulants - pharmacology</subject><subject>Aryl Hydrocarbon Hydroxylases - genetics</subject><subject>Biological and medical sciences</subject><subject>Biomedical and Life Sciences</subject><subject>Biomedicine</subject><subject>Blood Coagulation - drug effects</subject><subject>Coagulation</subject><subject>Cytochrome P-450 CYP2C9</subject><subject>Dose-Response Relationship, Drug</subject><subject>Drug therapy</subject><subject>Female</subject><subject>Follow-Up Studies</subject><subject>Gene Frequency</subject><subject>Genetics</subject><subject>Genotype</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Male</subject><subject>Medical sciences</subject><subject>Middle Aged</subject><subject>Mixed Function Oxygenases - genetics</subject><subject>Pharmacogenetics</subject><subject>Pharmacology. Drug treatments</subject><subject>Pharmacology/Toxicology</subject><subject>Polymorphism</subject><subject>Polymorphism, Genetic</subject><subject>Prospective Studies</subject><subject>Time Factors</subject><subject>Vitamin K Epoxide Reductases</subject><subject>Warfarin - administration & dosage</subject><subject>Warfarin - adverse effects</subject><subject>Warfarin - pharmacokinetics</subject><subject>Warfarin - pharmacology</subject><issn>0031-6970</issn><issn>1432-1041</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2013</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><sourceid>ABUWG</sourceid><sourceid>AFKRA</sourceid><sourceid>BENPR</sourceid><sourceid>CCPQU</sourceid><recordid>eNp1kEtr3TAQhUVpSW6T_IBuiqB06WRGfmpZTF8kkBKSQldCluVbBVtyJbvh_vtOuLdtNlkIzXC-OSMdxt4gnCNAfZEAhGgyQJFhAUVWvmAbLHLqoMCXbAOQY1bJGo7Z65TuAbCUkB-xYyEkFTlu2Nj--CZaybXv-ffL65sW-RzG3RTi_NOlKXHnh3G13lj-oOOgo_O8D8ny31Tqzo1u2RHDZ70465fEg-dj8NtssXEi18WZoLfrSHLwp-zVoMdkzw73Cbv79PG2_ZJdXX_-2n64ykwBYsnKqtZFN0hrwA6odY_CGuygFI0RFRR9oUmoKmk70csyF7aRUNJE1eWiA5OfsHd73zmGX6tNi7oPa_S0UmFJX69qiQ1RuKdMDClFO6g5uknHnUJQj_mqfb6K8lWP-aqSZt4enNdusv2_ib-BEvD-AOhk9DhE7Y1L_7k6b-hI4sSeSyT5rY1Pnvjs9j9SypLp</recordid><startdate>20130401</startdate><enddate>20130401</enddate><creator>Santos, Paulo Caleb Junior Lima</creator><creator>Dinardo, Carla Luana</creator><creator>Schettert, Isolmar Tadeu</creator><creator>Soares, Renata Alonso Gadi</creator><creator>Kawabata-Yoshihara, Liz</creator><creator>Bensenor, Isabela Martins</creator><creator>Krieger, José Eduardo</creator><creator>Lotufo, Paulo Andrade</creator><creator>Pereira, Alexandre Costa</creator><general>Springer-Verlag</general><general>Springer</general><general>Springer Nature B.V</general><scope>IQODW</scope><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>3V.</scope><scope>7RV</scope><scope>7TK</scope><scope>7U9</scope><scope>7X7</scope><scope>7XB</scope><scope>88E</scope><scope>8AO</scope><scope>8FI</scope><scope>8FJ</scope><scope>8FK</scope><scope>ABUWG</scope><scope>AFKRA</scope><scope>BENPR</scope><scope>CCPQU</scope><scope>FYUFA</scope><scope>GHDGH</scope><scope>H94</scope><scope>K9.</scope><scope>KB0</scope><scope>M0S</scope><scope>M1P</scope><scope>NAPCQ</scope><scope>PQEST</scope><scope>PQQKQ</scope><scope>PQUKI</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20130401</creationdate><title>CYP2C9 and VKORC1 polymorphisms influence warfarin dose variability in patients on long-term anticoagulation</title><author>Santos, Paulo Caleb Junior Lima ; Dinardo, Carla Luana ; Schettert, Isolmar Tadeu ; Soares, Renata Alonso Gadi ; Kawabata-Yoshihara, Liz ; Bensenor, Isabela Martins ; Krieger, José Eduardo ; Lotufo, Paulo Andrade ; Pereira, Alexandre Costa</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c402t-567a4bf9ec0ef1aad12ec1b0528c2604d4a0ef669eb2d9532e89054bf6b32b0c3</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2013</creationdate><topic>Anticoagulants - administration & dosage</topic><topic>Anticoagulants - adverse effects</topic><topic>Anticoagulants - pharmacokinetics</topic><topic>Anticoagulants - pharmacology</topic><topic>Aryl Hydrocarbon Hydroxylases - genetics</topic><topic>Biological and medical sciences</topic><topic>Biomedical and Life Sciences</topic><topic>Biomedicine</topic><topic>Blood Coagulation - drug effects</topic><topic>Coagulation</topic><topic>Cytochrome P-450 CYP2C9</topic><topic>Dose-Response Relationship, Drug</topic><topic>Drug therapy</topic><topic>Female</topic><topic>Follow-Up Studies</topic><topic>Gene Frequency</topic><topic>Genetics</topic><topic>Genotype</topic><topic>Humans</topic><topic>Male</topic><topic>Medical sciences</topic><topic>Middle Aged</topic><topic>Mixed Function Oxygenases - genetics</topic><topic>Pharmacogenetics</topic><topic>Pharmacology. Drug treatments</topic><topic>Pharmacology/Toxicology</topic><topic>Polymorphism</topic><topic>Polymorphism, Genetic</topic><topic>Prospective Studies</topic><topic>Time Factors</topic><topic>Vitamin K Epoxide Reductases</topic><topic>Warfarin - administration & dosage</topic><topic>Warfarin - adverse effects</topic><topic>Warfarin - pharmacokinetics</topic><topic>Warfarin - pharmacology</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Santos, Paulo Caleb Junior Lima</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Dinardo, Carla Luana</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Schettert, Isolmar Tadeu</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Soares, Renata Alonso Gadi</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kawabata-Yoshihara, Liz</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Bensenor, Isabela Martins</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Krieger, José Eduardo</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Lotufo, Paulo Andrade</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Pereira, Alexandre Costa</creatorcontrib><collection>Pascal-Francis</collection><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Corporate)</collection><collection>ProQuest Nursing and Allied Health Journals</collection><collection>Neurosciences Abstracts</collection><collection>Virology and AIDS Abstracts</collection><collection>ProQuest Health & Medical Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>Medical Database (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Pharma Collection</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni) (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central</collection><collection>ProQuest Central</collection><collection>ProQuest One Community College</collection><collection>Health Research Premium Collection</collection><collection>Health Research Premium Collection (Alumni)</collection><collection>AIDS and Cancer Research Abstracts</collection><collection>ProQuest Health & Medical Complete (Alumni)</collection><collection>Nursing & Allied Health Database (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>Health & Medical Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>PML(ProQuest Medical Library)</collection><collection>Nursing & Allied Health Premium</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition (DO NOT USE)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition</collection><jtitle>European journal of clinical pharmacology</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Santos, Paulo Caleb Junior Lima</au><au>Dinardo, Carla Luana</au><au>Schettert, Isolmar Tadeu</au><au>Soares, Renata Alonso Gadi</au><au>Kawabata-Yoshihara, Liz</au><au>Bensenor, Isabela Martins</au><au>Krieger, José Eduardo</au><au>Lotufo, Paulo Andrade</au><au>Pereira, Alexandre Costa</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>CYP2C9 and VKORC1 polymorphisms influence warfarin dose variability in patients on long-term anticoagulation</atitle><jtitle>European journal of clinical pharmacology</jtitle><stitle>Eur J Clin Pharmacol</stitle><addtitle>Eur J Clin Pharmacol</addtitle><date>2013-04-01</date><risdate>2013</risdate><volume>69</volume><issue>4</issue><spage>789</spage><epage>797</epage><pages>789-797</pages><issn>0031-6970</issn><eissn>1432-1041</eissn><abstract>Objectives
The main aim of this study was to determine whether
CYP2C9
and
VKORC1
polymorphisms influence warfarin dose variability during initial dose-finding phase and during maintenance treatment after 360 days.
Methods
Two hundred and six consecutive patients who were beginning warfarin therapy were selected. They were assessed for general and clinical characteristics; prescribed warfarin dose; response to therapy on days 7–10, 30, 60, 180, and 360; adverse events; and
CYP2C9
*2, *3, *5, *6, *8, *11, and
VKORC1
1639G >A assays.
Results
During the first 30 days of anticoagulation, the relative variability of warfarin dose was significantly associated with
CYP2C9*2
and
CYP2C9*3
polymorphisms (
p
= 0.02) and with
VKORC1
1639G >A genotypes (
p
= 0.04). Warfarin variability was also statistically different according to predicted metabolic phenotype and to
VKORC1
genotypes after 360 days of treatment, and in the phase between 180 and 360 days (long-term dose variability). Both
CYP2C9
and
VKORC1
polymorphisms were associated with the international normalized ratio (INR) made between 7 and 10 days/initial dose ratio, adjusted for covariates (
p
< 0.01 and
p
= 0.02, respectively). Patients carrying
VKORC1
and
CYP2C9
variants presented lower required dose (at the end of follow-up of 360 days) compared to patients carrying wild-type genotypes (
p
= 0.04 and
p
= 0.03, respectively).
Conclusions
Genetic information on
CYP2C9
and
VKORC1
is important both for the initial dose-finding phase and during maintenance treatment with warfarin.</abstract><cop>Berlin/Heidelberg</cop><pub>Springer-Verlag</pub><pmid>22990331</pmid><doi>10.1007/s00228-012-1404-5</doi><tpages>9</tpages></addata></record> |
| fulltext | fulltext |
| identifier | ISSN: 0031-6970 |
| ispartof | European journal of clinical pharmacology, 2013-04, Vol.69 (4), p.789-797 |
| issn | 0031-6970 1432-1041 |
| language | eng |
| recordid | cdi_proquest_journals_1529967918 |
| source | MEDLINE; SpringerLink Journals - AutoHoldings |
| subjects | Anticoagulants - administration & dosage Anticoagulants - adverse effects Anticoagulants - pharmacokinetics Anticoagulants - pharmacology Aryl Hydrocarbon Hydroxylases - genetics Biological and medical sciences Biomedical and Life Sciences Biomedicine Blood Coagulation - drug effects Coagulation Cytochrome P-450 CYP2C9 Dose-Response Relationship, Drug Drug therapy Female Follow-Up Studies Gene Frequency Genetics Genotype Humans Male Medical sciences Middle Aged Mixed Function Oxygenases - genetics Pharmacogenetics Pharmacology. Drug treatments Pharmacology/Toxicology Polymorphism Polymorphism, Genetic Prospective Studies Time Factors Vitamin K Epoxide Reductases Warfarin - administration & dosage Warfarin - adverse effects Warfarin - pharmacokinetics Warfarin - pharmacology |
| title | CYP2C9 and VKORC1 polymorphisms influence warfarin dose variability in patients on long-term anticoagulation |
| url | https://sfx.bib-bvb.de/sfx_tum?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&ctx_tim=2025-01-07T16%3A48%3A42IST&url_ver=Z39.88-2004&url_ctx_fmt=infofi/fmt:kev:mtx:ctx&rfr_id=info:sid/primo.exlibrisgroup.com:primo3-Article-proquest_cross&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=CYP2C9%20and%20VKORC1%20polymorphisms%20influence%20warfarin%20dose%20variability%20in%20patients%20on%20long-term%20anticoagulation&rft.jtitle=European%20journal%20of%20clinical%20pharmacology&rft.au=Santos,%20Paulo%20Caleb%20Junior%20Lima&rft.date=2013-04-01&rft.volume=69&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=789&rft.epage=797&rft.pages=789-797&rft.issn=0031-6970&rft.eissn=1432-1041&rft_id=info:doi/10.1007/s00228-012-1404-5&rft_dat=%3Cproquest_cross%3E3318056761%3C/proquest_cross%3E%3Curl%3E%3C/url%3E&disable_directlink=true&sfx.directlink=off&sfx.report_link=0&rft_id=info:oai/&rft_pqid=1529967918&rft_id=info:pmid/22990331&rfr_iscdi=true |