Synergistic effects of predators and trematode parasites on larval green frog (Rana clamitans) survival
Parasites and predators can have complex, nonadditive effects on a shared group of victims, which can have important consequences for population dynamics. In particular, parasites can alter host traits that influence predation risk, and predators can have nonconsumptive effects on prey traits which...
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description | Parasites and predators can have complex, nonadditive effects on a shared group of victims, which can have important consequences for population dynamics. In particular, parasites can alter host traits that influence predation risk, and predators can have nonconsumptive effects on prey traits which influence susceptibility (i.e., infection intensity and tolerance) to parasites. Here, we examined the combined effects of trematode parasites (Digenea: Echinostomatidae) and odonate (
Anax
) predators on the survival of larval green frogs (
Rana clamitans
). First, in a large-scale mesocosm experiment, we manipulated the presence or absence of parasites in combination with the presence of no predator, caged predators, or free predators, and measured survival, traits, and infection. Parasites, caged predators, and free predators decreased survival, and we found a strong negative synergistic effect of parasites in combination with free predators on survival. Importantly, we then examined the potential mechanisms that explain the observed synergistic effect of parasites and predators in a series of follow-up experiments. Results of the follow-up experiments suggest that increased predation susceptibility due to elevated activity levels in the presence of free-swimming parasite infective stages (i.e., an avoidance response) is the most likely mechanism responsible for the observed synergism. These results suggest a potential trade-off in susceptibility to parasites and predators, which can drive nonadditive effects that may have important consequences for natural enemy interactions in natural populations and amphibian conservation. |
doi_str_mv | 10.1890/13-0396.1 |
format | Article |
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Anax
) predators on the survival of larval green frogs (
Rana clamitans
). First, in a large-scale mesocosm experiment, we manipulated the presence or absence of parasites in combination with the presence of no predator, caged predators, or free predators, and measured survival, traits, and infection. Parasites, caged predators, and free predators decreased survival, and we found a strong negative synergistic effect of parasites in combination with free predators on survival. Importantly, we then examined the potential mechanisms that explain the observed synergistic effect of parasites and predators in a series of follow-up experiments. Results of the follow-up experiments suggest that increased predation susceptibility due to elevated activity levels in the presence of free-swimming parasite infective stages (i.e., an avoidance response) is the most likely mechanism responsible for the observed synergism. These results suggest a potential trade-off in susceptibility to parasites and predators, which can drive nonadditive effects that may have important consequences for natural enemy interactions in natural populations and amphibian conservation.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0012-9658</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1939-9170</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1890/13-0396.1</identifier><identifier>PMID: 24597217</identifier><identifier>CODEN: ECGYAQ</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Washington, DC: Ecological Society of America</publisher><subject>Amphibia. Reptilia ; Anax ; Anax spp ; Animal and plant ecology ; Animal populations ; Animal, plant and microbial ecology ; Animals ; Biological and medical sciences ; Cercariae ; Conservation ; Digenea ; Echinostomatidae ; Ecological competition ; Frogs ; Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology ; General aspects ; green frog ; Infections ; Insecta ; Insecta - physiology ; Invertebrates ; Larva - parasitology ; Larva - physiology ; Larvae ; larval survival ; Longevity ; Marine ; mesocosms experiment ; natural enemies ; Nemathelminthia. Plathelmintha ; Odonata ; odonate predators ; Parasite hosts ; parasite-host interactions ; Parasites ; Planorbella trivolvis ; population dynamics ; Predation ; predator-prey interactions ; Predators ; Predatory Behavior ; Rana ; Rana clamitan ; Rana clamitans ; Rana clamitans - parasitology ; Rana clamitans - physiology ; risk ; Snails ; spp ; synergism ; synergistic effects ; Tadpoles ; Trematode Infections - parasitology ; Trematode Infections - veterinary ; trematode parasites ; Vertebrates: general zoology, morphology, phylogeny, systematics, cytogenetics, geographical distribution</subject><ispartof>Ecology (Durham), 2013-12, Vol.94 (12), p.2697-2708</ispartof><rights>Copyright © 2013 Ecological Society of America</rights><rights>2013 by the Ecological Society of America</rights><rights>2015 INIST-CNRS</rights><rights>Copyright Ecological Society of America Dec 2013</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-a5607-dc24a1460875f82e54c4911e35250b6cd89821940178474420dfe93c95b7ef7d3</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-a5607-dc24a1460875f82e54c4911e35250b6cd89821940178474420dfe93c95b7ef7d3</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://www.jstor.org/stable/pdf/23597118$$EPDF$$P50$$Gjstor$$H</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://www.jstor.org/stable/23597118$$EHTML$$P50$$Gjstor$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>315,782,786,805,1419,27931,27932,45581,45582,58024,58257</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttp://pascal-francis.inist.fr/vibad/index.php?action=getRecordDetail&idt=28063803$$DView record in Pascal Francis$$Hfree_for_read</backlink><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24597217$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Marino, John A.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Werner, Earl E.</creatorcontrib><title>Synergistic effects of predators and trematode parasites on larval green frog (Rana clamitans) survival</title><title>Ecology (Durham)</title><addtitle>Ecology</addtitle><description>Parasites and predators can have complex, nonadditive effects on a shared group of victims, which can have important consequences for population dynamics. In particular, parasites can alter host traits that influence predation risk, and predators can have nonconsumptive effects on prey traits which influence susceptibility (i.e., infection intensity and tolerance) to parasites. Here, we examined the combined effects of trematode parasites (Digenea: Echinostomatidae) and odonate (
Anax
) predators on the survival of larval green frogs (
Rana clamitans
). First, in a large-scale mesocosm experiment, we manipulated the presence or absence of parasites in combination with the presence of no predator, caged predators, or free predators, and measured survival, traits, and infection. Parasites, caged predators, and free predators decreased survival, and we found a strong negative synergistic effect of parasites in combination with free predators on survival. Importantly, we then examined the potential mechanisms that explain the observed synergistic effect of parasites and predators in a series of follow-up experiments. Results of the follow-up experiments suggest that increased predation susceptibility due to elevated activity levels in the presence of free-swimming parasite infective stages (i.e., an avoidance response) is the most likely mechanism responsible for the observed synergism. These results suggest a potential trade-off in susceptibility to parasites and predators, which can drive nonadditive effects that may have important consequences for natural enemy interactions in natural populations and amphibian conservation.</description><subject>Amphibia. Reptilia</subject><subject>Anax</subject><subject>Anax spp</subject><subject>Animal and plant ecology</subject><subject>Animal populations</subject><subject>Animal, plant and microbial ecology</subject><subject>Animals</subject><subject>Biological and medical sciences</subject><subject>Cercariae</subject><subject>Conservation</subject><subject>Digenea</subject><subject>Echinostomatidae</subject><subject>Ecological competition</subject><subject>Frogs</subject><subject>Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology</subject><subject>General aspects</subject><subject>green frog</subject><subject>Infections</subject><subject>Insecta</subject><subject>Insecta - physiology</subject><subject>Invertebrates</subject><subject>Larva - parasitology</subject><subject>Larva - physiology</subject><subject>Larvae</subject><subject>larval survival</subject><subject>Longevity</subject><subject>Marine</subject><subject>mesocosms experiment</subject><subject>natural enemies</subject><subject>Nemathelminthia. Plathelmintha</subject><subject>Odonata</subject><subject>odonate predators</subject><subject>Parasite hosts</subject><subject>parasite-host interactions</subject><subject>Parasites</subject><subject>Planorbella trivolvis</subject><subject>population dynamics</subject><subject>Predation</subject><subject>predator-prey interactions</subject><subject>Predators</subject><subject>Predatory Behavior</subject><subject>Rana</subject><subject>Rana clamitan</subject><subject>Rana clamitans</subject><subject>Rana clamitans - parasitology</subject><subject>Rana clamitans - physiology</subject><subject>risk</subject><subject>Snails</subject><subject>spp</subject><subject>synergism</subject><subject>synergistic effects</subject><subject>Tadpoles</subject><subject>Trematode Infections - parasitology</subject><subject>Trematode Infections - veterinary</subject><subject>trematode parasites</subject><subject>Vertebrates: general zoology, morphology, phylogeny, systematics, cytogenetics, geographical distribution</subject><issn>0012-9658</issn><issn>1939-9170</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2013</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><recordid>eNqNkl1rFDEUhoMotq5e-APUgAjtxdScfE1yKUv9gIJg7YVX4WwmWWaZnRmT2db992bZtQtSwdwcQp687zl5Q8hLYBdgLHsPomLC6gt4RE7BCltZqNljcsoY8MpqZU7Is5xXrCyQ5ik54VLZmkN9SpbX2z6kZZun1tMQY_BTpkOkYwoNTkPKFPuGTimsy64JdMSEuZ1CgXraYbrFji5TCD2NaVjSs2_YI_UdrtsJ-3xO8ybdtgV6Tp5E7HJ4cagzcvPx8vv8c3X19dOX-YerCpVmddV4LhGkZqZW0fCgpJcWIAjFFVto3xhrOFjJoDaylpKzJgYrvFWLOsS6ETNyttcd0_BzE_Lk1m32oeuwD8MmO1CcCQ3S6v9AmeLSaLND3_6FroZN6ssgrkiBMEpoU6jzPeXTkHMK0Y2pXWPaOmBuF5QD4XZBlTojrw-Km8U6NPfkn2QK8O4AYPbYxYS9b_ORM0wLw0Th9J67a7uw_beju5z_4AyElcC5tjuDV_uLq1xyPgqL0gDAbpo3-_OIg8NlKuY310VBl09kaw3s-Co4bcehdyHjg5M-QN13NTbRTb8m8RulXdD1</recordid><startdate>201312</startdate><enddate>201312</enddate><creator>Marino, John A.</creator><creator>Werner, Earl E.</creator><general>Ecological Society of America</general><general>ECOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA</general><scope>FBQ</scope><scope>IQODW</scope><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7QG</scope><scope>7SN</scope><scope>7SS</scope><scope>7ST</scope><scope>7T7</scope><scope>8FD</scope><scope>C1K</scope><scope>FR3</scope><scope>K9.</scope><scope>P64</scope><scope>RC3</scope><scope>SOI</scope><scope>7X8</scope><scope>F1W</scope><scope>H95</scope><scope>L.G</scope></search><sort><creationdate>201312</creationdate><title>Synergistic effects of predators and trematode parasites on larval green frog (Rana clamitans) survival</title><author>Marino, John A. ; Werner, Earl E.</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-a5607-dc24a1460875f82e54c4911e35250b6cd89821940178474420dfe93c95b7ef7d3</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2013</creationdate><topic>Amphibia. Reptilia</topic><topic>Anax</topic><topic>Anax spp</topic><topic>Animal and plant ecology</topic><topic>Animal populations</topic><topic>Animal, plant and microbial ecology</topic><topic>Animals</topic><topic>Biological and medical sciences</topic><topic>Cercariae</topic><topic>Conservation</topic><topic>Digenea</topic><topic>Echinostomatidae</topic><topic>Ecological competition</topic><topic>Frogs</topic><topic>Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology</topic><topic>General aspects</topic><topic>green frog</topic><topic>Infections</topic><topic>Insecta</topic><topic>Insecta - physiology</topic><topic>Invertebrates</topic><topic>Larva - parasitology</topic><topic>Larva - physiology</topic><topic>Larvae</topic><topic>larval survival</topic><topic>Longevity</topic><topic>Marine</topic><topic>mesocosms experiment</topic><topic>natural enemies</topic><topic>Nemathelminthia. Plathelmintha</topic><topic>Odonata</topic><topic>odonate predators</topic><topic>Parasite hosts</topic><topic>parasite-host interactions</topic><topic>Parasites</topic><topic>Planorbella trivolvis</topic><topic>population dynamics</topic><topic>Predation</topic><topic>predator-prey interactions</topic><topic>Predators</topic><topic>Predatory Behavior</topic><topic>Rana</topic><topic>Rana clamitan</topic><topic>Rana clamitans</topic><topic>Rana clamitans - parasitology</topic><topic>Rana clamitans - physiology</topic><topic>risk</topic><topic>Snails</topic><topic>spp</topic><topic>synergism</topic><topic>synergistic effects</topic><topic>Tadpoles</topic><topic>Trematode Infections - parasitology</topic><topic>Trematode Infections - veterinary</topic><topic>trematode parasites</topic><topic>Vertebrates: general zoology, morphology, phylogeny, systematics, cytogenetics, geographical distribution</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Marino, John A.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Werner, Earl E.</creatorcontrib><collection>AGRIS</collection><collection>Pascal-Francis</collection><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>Animal Behavior Abstracts</collection><collection>Ecology Abstracts</collection><collection>Entomology Abstracts (Full archive)</collection><collection>Environment Abstracts</collection><collection>Industrial and Applied Microbiology Abstracts (Microbiology A)</collection><collection>Technology Research Database</collection><collection>Environmental Sciences and Pollution Management</collection><collection>Engineering Research Database</collection><collection>ProQuest Health & Medical Complete (Alumni)</collection><collection>Biotechnology and BioEngineering Abstracts</collection><collection>Genetics Abstracts</collection><collection>Environment Abstracts</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><collection>ASFA: Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Abstracts</collection><collection>Aquatic Science & Fisheries Abstracts (ASFA) 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources</collection><collection>Aquatic Science & Fisheries Abstracts (ASFA) Professional</collection><jtitle>Ecology (Durham)</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Marino, John A.</au><au>Werner, Earl E.</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Synergistic effects of predators and trematode parasites on larval green frog (Rana clamitans) survival</atitle><jtitle>Ecology (Durham)</jtitle><addtitle>Ecology</addtitle><date>2013-12</date><risdate>2013</risdate><volume>94</volume><issue>12</issue><spage>2697</spage><epage>2708</epage><pages>2697-2708</pages><issn>0012-9658</issn><eissn>1939-9170</eissn><coden>ECGYAQ</coden><abstract>Parasites and predators can have complex, nonadditive effects on a shared group of victims, which can have important consequences for population dynamics. In particular, parasites can alter host traits that influence predation risk, and predators can have nonconsumptive effects on prey traits which influence susceptibility (i.e., infection intensity and tolerance) to parasites. Here, we examined the combined effects of trematode parasites (Digenea: Echinostomatidae) and odonate (
Anax
) predators on the survival of larval green frogs (
Rana clamitans
). First, in a large-scale mesocosm experiment, we manipulated the presence or absence of parasites in combination with the presence of no predator, caged predators, or free predators, and measured survival, traits, and infection. Parasites, caged predators, and free predators decreased survival, and we found a strong negative synergistic effect of parasites in combination with free predators on survival. Importantly, we then examined the potential mechanisms that explain the observed synergistic effect of parasites and predators in a series of follow-up experiments. Results of the follow-up experiments suggest that increased predation susceptibility due to elevated activity levels in the presence of free-swimming parasite infective stages (i.e., an avoidance response) is the most likely mechanism responsible for the observed synergism. These results suggest a potential trade-off in susceptibility to parasites and predators, which can drive nonadditive effects that may have important consequences for natural enemy interactions in natural populations and amphibian conservation.</abstract><cop>Washington, DC</cop><pub>Ecological Society of America</pub><pmid>24597217</pmid><doi>10.1890/13-0396.1</doi><tpages>12</tpages><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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source | MEDLINE; Access via Wiley Online Library; JSTOR Archive Collection A-Z Listing |
subjects | Amphibia. Reptilia Anax Anax spp Animal and plant ecology Animal populations Animal, plant and microbial ecology Animals Biological and medical sciences Cercariae Conservation Digenea Echinostomatidae Ecological competition Frogs Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology General aspects green frog Infections Insecta Insecta - physiology Invertebrates Larva - parasitology Larva - physiology Larvae larval survival Longevity Marine mesocosms experiment natural enemies Nemathelminthia. Plathelmintha Odonata odonate predators Parasite hosts parasite-host interactions Parasites Planorbella trivolvis population dynamics Predation predator-prey interactions Predators Predatory Behavior Rana Rana clamitan Rana clamitans Rana clamitans - parasitology Rana clamitans - physiology risk Snails spp synergism synergistic effects Tadpoles Trematode Infections - parasitology Trematode Infections - veterinary trematode parasites Vertebrates: general zoology, morphology, phylogeny, systematics, cytogenetics, geographical distribution |
title | Synergistic effects of predators and trematode parasites on larval green frog (Rana clamitans) survival |
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