Does first line antiretroviral therapy increase the prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors in Indian patients?: A cross sectional study
Antiretroviral therapy (ART) is associated with a myriad of metabolic complications which are potential cardiovascular risk factors. Early detection of these risk factors could help in alleviating morbidity and mortality in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infected patients on ART. To study the pr...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Journal of postgraduate medicine 2013-10, Vol.59 (4), p.258-262 |
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| creator | Carey, R A B Rupali, P Abraham, O C Kattula, D |
| description | Antiretroviral therapy (ART) is associated with a myriad of metabolic complications which are potential cardiovascular risk factors. Early detection of these risk factors could help in alleviating morbidity and mortality in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infected patients on ART.
To study the prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors in patients on a combination of nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs) and non-NRTIs (NNRTIs) - the standard combination first line ART regimen used in tertiary referral center.
The prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors in HIV infected subjects with stage 1t disease on standard first line ART for at least 1 year, HIV infected subjects with stage 1 disease and not on ART and HIV negative subjects was assessed. The study was a cross-sectional study design.
Basic demographic data was collected and patients were examined for anthropometric data and blood was collected for analysis of blood glucose, serum lipids, and fasting insulin levels.
Chi-square test was used to calculate significance. Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) software version 16.0 was used for data analysis.
The prevalence of hypercholesterolemia and hypertriglyceridemia was higher in the patients on ART when compared to patients not on ART (P |
| doi_str_mv | 10.4103/0022-3859.123145 |
| format | Article |
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To study the prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors in patients on a combination of nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs) and non-NRTIs (NNRTIs) - the standard combination first line ART regimen used in tertiary referral center.
The prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors in HIV infected subjects with stage 1t disease on standard first line ART for at least 1 year, HIV infected subjects with stage 1 disease and not on ART and HIV negative subjects was assessed. The study was a cross-sectional study design.
Basic demographic data was collected and patients were examined for anthropometric data and blood was collected for analysis of blood glucose, serum lipids, and fasting insulin levels.
Chi-square test was used to calculate significance. Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) software version 16.0 was used for data analysis.
The prevalence of hypercholesterolemia and hypertriglyceridemia was higher in the patients on ART when compared to patients not on ART (P<0.001). There was no difference in the prevalence of abnormal glycemic status, obesity, abdominal obesity, insulin resistance, and hyperinsulinemia between patients on ART and those not on ART.
First line ART is associated with increased prevalence of dyslipidemia. Early detection and treatment of dyslipidemia should help in reducing the cardiovascular morbidity in patients on ART.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0022-3859</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 0972-2823</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.4103/0022-3859.123145</identifier><identifier>PMID: 24346381</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>India: Medknow Publications and Media Pvt. Ltd</publisher><subject>Adult ; Anti-Retroviral Agents - adverse effects ; Antiviral agents ; Cardiovascular diseases ; Cardiovascular Diseases - epidemiology ; Cholesterol ; Complications and side effects ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Dosage and administration ; Drug interactions ; Drug Therapy, Combination ; Female ; HIV ; HIV Infections - drug therapy ; Human immunodeficiency virus ; Humans ; Hypercholesterolemia - chemically induced ; Hypercholesterolemia - epidemiology ; Hypertriglyceridemia - chemically induced ; Hypertriglyceridemia - epidemiology ; India - epidemiology ; Insulin resistance ; Lamivudine - adverse effects ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Mortality ; Nevirapine - adverse effects ; Obesity ; Prevalence ; Prevalence studies (Epidemiology) ; Risk Factors ; Stavudine - adverse effects ; Zidovudine - adverse effects</subject><ispartof>Journal of postgraduate medicine, 2013-10, Vol.59 (4), p.258-262</ispartof><rights>COPYRIGHT 2013 Medknow Publications and Media Pvt. Ltd.</rights><rights>Copyright Medknow Publications & Media Pvt Ltd Oct 2013</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c385t-9466713c1b42dd7b1a950e6b98cb0c71d295519194f6ed97438c155e7a9c8f063</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><link.rule.ids>314,776,780,27901,27902</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24346381$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Carey, R A B</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Rupali, P</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Abraham, O C</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kattula, D</creatorcontrib><title>Does first line antiretroviral therapy increase the prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors in Indian patients?: A cross sectional study</title><title>Journal of postgraduate medicine</title><addtitle>J Postgrad Med</addtitle><description>Antiretroviral therapy (ART) is associated with a myriad of metabolic complications which are potential cardiovascular risk factors. Early detection of these risk factors could help in alleviating morbidity and mortality in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infected patients on ART.
To study the prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors in patients on a combination of nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs) and non-NRTIs (NNRTIs) - the standard combination first line ART regimen used in tertiary referral center.
The prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors in HIV infected subjects with stage 1t disease on standard first line ART for at least 1 year, HIV infected subjects with stage 1 disease and not on ART and HIV negative subjects was assessed. The study was a cross-sectional study design.
Basic demographic data was collected and patients were examined for anthropometric data and blood was collected for analysis of blood glucose, serum lipids, and fasting insulin levels.
Chi-square test was used to calculate significance. Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) software version 16.0 was used for data analysis.
The prevalence of hypercholesterolemia and hypertriglyceridemia was higher in the patients on ART when compared to patients not on ART (P<0.001). There was no difference in the prevalence of abnormal glycemic status, obesity, abdominal obesity, insulin resistance, and hyperinsulinemia between patients on ART and those not on ART.
First line ART is associated with increased prevalence of dyslipidemia. Early detection and treatment of dyslipidemia should help in reducing the cardiovascular morbidity in patients on ART.</description><subject>Adult</subject><subject>Anti-Retroviral Agents - adverse effects</subject><subject>Antiviral agents</subject><subject>Cardiovascular diseases</subject><subject>Cardiovascular Diseases - epidemiology</subject><subject>Cholesterol</subject><subject>Complications and side effects</subject><subject>Cross-Sectional Studies</subject><subject>Dosage and administration</subject><subject>Drug interactions</subject><subject>Drug Therapy, Combination</subject><subject>Female</subject><subject>HIV</subject><subject>HIV Infections - drug therapy</subject><subject>Human immunodeficiency virus</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Hypercholesterolemia - chemically induced</subject><subject>Hypercholesterolemia - epidemiology</subject><subject>Hypertriglyceridemia - chemically induced</subject><subject>Hypertriglyceridemia - epidemiology</subject><subject>India - epidemiology</subject><subject>Insulin resistance</subject><subject>Lamivudine - adverse effects</subject><subject>Male</subject><subject>Middle Aged</subject><subject>Mortality</subject><subject>Nevirapine - adverse effects</subject><subject>Obesity</subject><subject>Prevalence</subject><subject>Prevalence studies (Epidemiology)</subject><subject>Risk Factors</subject><subject>Stavudine - adverse effects</subject><subject>Zidovudine - adverse effects</subject><issn>0022-3859</issn><issn>0972-2823</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2013</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><sourceid>8G5</sourceid><sourceid>BENPR</sourceid><sourceid>GUQSH</sourceid><sourceid>M2O</sourceid><recordid>eNptUk1vVCEUJcbGfujelSFx_Ua-3gduzKRabdKkG10THlwq9Q08gTfJ_AV_tYzT2jSZsIBczrlwzrkIvaVkJSjhHwhhrOFDK1eUcSraF-iMyJ41bGD8ZT0_Xp-i85zvCaFdJ_grdMoEFx0f6Bn68zlCxs6nXPDkA2Adik9QUtz6pCdcfkLS8w77YBLoDPsCnhNs9QTBAI4OG52sj1udzTLphJPPv7DTpsSUKw1fB-t1wLMuHkLJnz7iNTYp5owzmOJjqK_kstjda3Ti9JThzcN-gX5cffl--a25uf16fbm-aUyVUhopuq6n3NBRMGv7kWrZEuhGOZiRmJ5aJtuWSiqF68DKXvDB0LaFXkszONLxC_T-0HdO8fcCuaj7uKT6jayo6KstLRXsCXVXlSofXCxJm43PRq15K-QgBaUV1RxB3UGork0xgPO1_Ay_OoKvy8LGm6MEciD8syyBU3PyG512ihK1nwG1D1ntQ1aHGaiUdw_6lnED9j_hMXT-F89iq38</recordid><startdate>20131001</startdate><enddate>20131001</enddate><creator>Carey, R A B</creator><creator>Rupali, P</creator><creator>Abraham, O C</creator><creator>Kattula, D</creator><general>Medknow Publications and Media Pvt. 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Rupali, P ; Abraham, O C ; Kattula, D</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c385t-9466713c1b42dd7b1a950e6b98cb0c71d295519194f6ed97438c155e7a9c8f063</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2013</creationdate><topic>Adult</topic><topic>Anti-Retroviral Agents - adverse effects</topic><topic>Antiviral agents</topic><topic>Cardiovascular diseases</topic><topic>Cardiovascular Diseases - epidemiology</topic><topic>Cholesterol</topic><topic>Complications and side effects</topic><topic>Cross-Sectional Studies</topic><topic>Dosage and administration</topic><topic>Drug interactions</topic><topic>Drug Therapy, Combination</topic><topic>Female</topic><topic>HIV</topic><topic>HIV Infections - drug therapy</topic><topic>Human immunodeficiency virus</topic><topic>Humans</topic><topic>Hypercholesterolemia - chemically induced</topic><topic>Hypercholesterolemia - epidemiology</topic><topic>Hypertriglyceridemia - chemically induced</topic><topic>Hypertriglyceridemia - epidemiology</topic><topic>India - epidemiology</topic><topic>Insulin resistance</topic><topic>Lamivudine - adverse effects</topic><topic>Male</topic><topic>Middle Aged</topic><topic>Mortality</topic><topic>Nevirapine - adverse effects</topic><topic>Obesity</topic><topic>Prevalence</topic><topic>Prevalence studies (Epidemiology)</topic><topic>Risk Factors</topic><topic>Stavudine - adverse effects</topic><topic>Zidovudine - adverse effects</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Carey, R A B</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Rupali, P</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Abraham, O C</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kattula, D</creatorcontrib><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Corporate)</collection><collection>Health & Medical Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>Medical Database (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>Psychology Database (Alumni)</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni) (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>Research Library (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central UK/Ireland</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Essentials</collection><collection>ProQuest Central</collection><collection>ProQuest One Community College</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Korea</collection><collection>Health Research Premium Collection</collection><collection>Health Research Premium Collection (Alumni)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Student</collection><collection>Research Library Prep</collection><collection>ProQuest Health & Medical Complete (Alumni)</collection><collection>Health & Medical Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>Medical Database</collection><collection>ProQuest Psychology</collection><collection>Research Library</collection><collection>Research Library (Corporate)</collection><collection>Publicly Available Content Database</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition (DO NOT USE)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition</collection><collection>ProQuest Central China</collection><collection>ProQuest One Psychology</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Basic</collection><jtitle>Journal of postgraduate medicine</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Carey, R A B</au><au>Rupali, P</au><au>Abraham, O C</au><au>Kattula, D</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Does first line antiretroviral therapy increase the prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors in Indian patients?: A cross sectional study</atitle><jtitle>Journal of postgraduate medicine</jtitle><addtitle>J Postgrad Med</addtitle><date>2013-10-01</date><risdate>2013</risdate><volume>59</volume><issue>4</issue><spage>258</spage><epage>262</epage><pages>258-262</pages><issn>0022-3859</issn><eissn>0972-2823</eissn><abstract>Antiretroviral therapy (ART) is associated with a myriad of metabolic complications which are potential cardiovascular risk factors. Early detection of these risk factors could help in alleviating morbidity and mortality in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infected patients on ART.
To study the prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors in patients on a combination of nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs) and non-NRTIs (NNRTIs) - the standard combination first line ART regimen used in tertiary referral center.
The prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors in HIV infected subjects with stage 1t disease on standard first line ART for at least 1 year, HIV infected subjects with stage 1 disease and not on ART and HIV negative subjects was assessed. The study was a cross-sectional study design.
Basic demographic data was collected and patients were examined for anthropometric data and blood was collected for analysis of blood glucose, serum lipids, and fasting insulin levels.
Chi-square test was used to calculate significance. Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) software version 16.0 was used for data analysis.
The prevalence of hypercholesterolemia and hypertriglyceridemia was higher in the patients on ART when compared to patients not on ART (P<0.001). There was no difference in the prevalence of abnormal glycemic status, obesity, abdominal obesity, insulin resistance, and hyperinsulinemia between patients on ART and those not on ART.
First line ART is associated with increased prevalence of dyslipidemia. Early detection and treatment of dyslipidemia should help in reducing the cardiovascular morbidity in patients on ART.</abstract><cop>India</cop><pub>Medknow Publications and Media Pvt. Ltd</pub><pmid>24346381</pmid><doi>10.4103/0022-3859.123145</doi><tpages>5</tpages><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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| ispartof | Journal of postgraduate medicine, 2013-10, Vol.59 (4), p.258-262 |
| issn | 0022-3859 0972-2823 |
| language | eng |
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| source | MEDLINE; Elektronische Zeitschriftenbibliothek - Frei zugängliche E-Journals |
| subjects | Adult Anti-Retroviral Agents - adverse effects Antiviral agents Cardiovascular diseases Cardiovascular Diseases - epidemiology Cholesterol Complications and side effects Cross-Sectional Studies Dosage and administration Drug interactions Drug Therapy, Combination Female HIV HIV Infections - drug therapy Human immunodeficiency virus Humans Hypercholesterolemia - chemically induced Hypercholesterolemia - epidemiology Hypertriglyceridemia - chemically induced Hypertriglyceridemia - epidemiology India - epidemiology Insulin resistance Lamivudine - adverse effects Male Middle Aged Mortality Nevirapine - adverse effects Obesity Prevalence Prevalence studies (Epidemiology) Risk Factors Stavudine - adverse effects Zidovudine - adverse effects |
| title | Does first line antiretroviral therapy increase the prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors in Indian patients?: A cross sectional study |
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