Driving under the influence of synthetic cannabinoids (“Spice”): a case series
Recreational use of synthetic cannabinoid receptor agonists—so-called “Spice” products—became very popular during the last few years. Several reports on clinical symptoms and poisonings were published. Unfortunately, most of these reports do not contain any analytical data on synthetic cannabinoids...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | International journal of legal medicine 2014-01, Vol.128 (1), p.59-64 |
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| container_title | International journal of legal medicine |
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| creator | Musshoff, Frank Madea, Burkhard Kernbach-Wighton, Gerhard Bicker, Wolfgang Kneisel, Stefan Hutter, Melanie Auwärter, Volker |
| description | Recreational use of synthetic cannabinoid receptor agonists—so-called “Spice” products—became very popular during the last few years. Several reports on clinical symptoms and poisonings were published. Unfortunately, most of these reports do not contain any analytical data on synthetic cannabinoids in body fluids, and no or only a limited number of cases were reported concerning driving under the influence (DUI) of this kind of drugs. In this article, several cases of DUI of synthetic cannabinoids (AM-2201, JWH-018, JWH-019, JWH-122, JWH-210, JWH-307, MAM-2201 (JWH-122 5-fluoropentyl derivative), and UR-144) are presented, focusing on analytical results and signs of impairment documented by the police or the physicians who had taken the blood sample from the suspects. Consumption of synthetic cannabinoids can lead to impairment similar to typical performance deficits caused by cannabis use which are not compatible with safe driving. These deficits include centrally sedating effects and impairment of fine motor skills necessary for keeping the vehicle on track. Police as well as forensic toxicologists and other groups should become familiar with the effects of synthetic cannabinoid use, and be aware of the fact that drug users may shift to these “legal” alternatives due to their nondetectability by commonly used drug screening tests based on antibodies. Sophisticated screening procedures covering the complete range of available compounds or their metabolites have to be developed for both blood/serum and urine testing. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1007/s00414-013-0864-1 |
| format | Article |
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Several reports on clinical symptoms and poisonings were published. Unfortunately, most of these reports do not contain any analytical data on synthetic cannabinoids in body fluids, and no or only a limited number of cases were reported concerning driving under the influence (DUI) of this kind of drugs. In this article, several cases of DUI of synthetic cannabinoids (AM-2201, JWH-018, JWH-019, JWH-122, JWH-210, JWH-307, MAM-2201 (JWH-122 5-fluoropentyl derivative), and UR-144) are presented, focusing on analytical results and signs of impairment documented by the police or the physicians who had taken the blood sample from the suspects. Consumption of synthetic cannabinoids can lead to impairment similar to typical performance deficits caused by cannabis use which are not compatible with safe driving. These deficits include centrally sedating effects and impairment of fine motor skills necessary for keeping the vehicle on track. Police as well as forensic toxicologists and other groups should become familiar with the effects of synthetic cannabinoid use, and be aware of the fact that drug users may shift to these “legal” alternatives due to their nondetectability by commonly used drug screening tests based on antibodies. Sophisticated screening procedures covering the complete range of available compounds or their metabolites have to be developed for both blood/serum and urine testing.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0937-9827</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1437-1596</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1007/s00414-013-0864-1</identifier><identifier>PMID: 23636569</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Berlin/Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg</publisher><subject>Accidents, Traffic - legislation & jurisprudence ; Adolescent ; Adult ; Alcoholic Intoxication - diagnosis ; Automobile Driving - psychology ; Bicycling ; Cannabinoids - adverse effects ; Cannabinoids - analysis ; Case Report ; Designer Drugs - adverse effects ; Designer Drugs - analysis ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Drug-impaired driving ; Drunk driving ; Female ; Forensic Medicine ; Germany ; Humans ; Male ; Marijuana ; Marijuana Abuse - diagnosis ; Medical Law ; Medicine ; Medicine & Public Health ; Neurologic Examination - drug effects ; Psychotropic drugs ; Receptor, Cannabinoid, CB1 - drug effects ; Sanctions ; Substance Abuse Detection ; Tetrahydrocannabinol ; THC ; Young Adult</subject><ispartof>International journal of legal medicine, 2014-01, Vol.128 (1), p.59-64</ispartof><rights>Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2013</rights><rights>Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2014</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c438t-34e9f41b5e07f22de9dcca986dba6ec5e5954d647eb2771fef8ea8c561b711cc3</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c438t-34e9f41b5e07f22de9dcca986dba6ec5e5954d647eb2771fef8ea8c561b711cc3</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s00414-013-0864-1$$EPDF$$P50$$Gspringer$$H</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://link.springer.com/10.1007/s00414-013-0864-1$$EHTML$$P50$$Gspringer$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>314,780,784,27922,27923,41486,42555,51317</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23636569$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Musshoff, Frank</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Madea, Burkhard</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kernbach-Wighton, Gerhard</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Bicker, Wolfgang</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kneisel, Stefan</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Hutter, Melanie</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Auwärter, Volker</creatorcontrib><title>Driving under the influence of synthetic cannabinoids (“Spice”): a case series</title><title>International journal of legal medicine</title><addtitle>Int J Legal Med</addtitle><addtitle>Int J Legal Med</addtitle><description>Recreational use of synthetic cannabinoid receptor agonists—so-called “Spice” products—became very popular during the last few years. Several reports on clinical symptoms and poisonings were published. Unfortunately, most of these reports do not contain any analytical data on synthetic cannabinoids in body fluids, and no or only a limited number of cases were reported concerning driving under the influence (DUI) of this kind of drugs. In this article, several cases of DUI of synthetic cannabinoids (AM-2201, JWH-018, JWH-019, JWH-122, JWH-210, JWH-307, MAM-2201 (JWH-122 5-fluoropentyl derivative), and UR-144) are presented, focusing on analytical results and signs of impairment documented by the police or the physicians who had taken the blood sample from the suspects. Consumption of synthetic cannabinoids can lead to impairment similar to typical performance deficits caused by cannabis use which are not compatible with safe driving. These deficits include centrally sedating effects and impairment of fine motor skills necessary for keeping the vehicle on track. Police as well as forensic toxicologists and other groups should become familiar with the effects of synthetic cannabinoid use, and be aware of the fact that drug users may shift to these “legal” alternatives due to their nondetectability by commonly used drug screening tests based on antibodies. Sophisticated screening procedures covering the complete range of available compounds or their metabolites have to be developed for both blood/serum and urine testing.</description><subject>Accidents, Traffic - legislation & jurisprudence</subject><subject>Adolescent</subject><subject>Adult</subject><subject>Alcoholic Intoxication - diagnosis</subject><subject>Automobile Driving - psychology</subject><subject>Bicycling</subject><subject>Cannabinoids - adverse effects</subject><subject>Cannabinoids - analysis</subject><subject>Case Report</subject><subject>Designer Drugs - adverse effects</subject><subject>Designer Drugs - analysis</subject><subject>Dose-Response Relationship, Drug</subject><subject>Drug-impaired driving</subject><subject>Drunk driving</subject><subject>Female</subject><subject>Forensic Medicine</subject><subject>Germany</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Male</subject><subject>Marijuana</subject><subject>Marijuana Abuse - diagnosis</subject><subject>Medical Law</subject><subject>Medicine</subject><subject>Medicine & Public Health</subject><subject>Neurologic Examination - 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Several reports on clinical symptoms and poisonings were published. Unfortunately, most of these reports do not contain any analytical data on synthetic cannabinoids in body fluids, and no or only a limited number of cases were reported concerning driving under the influence (DUI) of this kind of drugs. In this article, several cases of DUI of synthetic cannabinoids (AM-2201, JWH-018, JWH-019, JWH-122, JWH-210, JWH-307, MAM-2201 (JWH-122 5-fluoropentyl derivative), and UR-144) are presented, focusing on analytical results and signs of impairment documented by the police or the physicians who had taken the blood sample from the suspects. Consumption of synthetic cannabinoids can lead to impairment similar to typical performance deficits caused by cannabis use which are not compatible with safe driving. These deficits include centrally sedating effects and impairment of fine motor skills necessary for keeping the vehicle on track. Police as well as forensic toxicologists and other groups should become familiar with the effects of synthetic cannabinoid use, and be aware of the fact that drug users may shift to these “legal” alternatives due to their nondetectability by commonly used drug screening tests based on antibodies. Sophisticated screening procedures covering the complete range of available compounds or their metabolites have to be developed for both blood/serum and urine testing.</abstract><cop>Berlin/Heidelberg</cop><pub>Springer Berlin Heidelberg</pub><pmid>23636569</pmid><doi>10.1007/s00414-013-0864-1</doi><tpages>6</tpages></addata></record> |
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| ispartof | International journal of legal medicine, 2014-01, Vol.128 (1), p.59-64 |
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| source | MEDLINE; HeinOnline Law Journal Library; SpringerLink Journals - AutoHoldings |
| subjects | Accidents, Traffic - legislation & jurisprudence Adolescent Adult Alcoholic Intoxication - diagnosis Automobile Driving - psychology Bicycling Cannabinoids - adverse effects Cannabinoids - analysis Case Report Designer Drugs - adverse effects Designer Drugs - analysis Dose-Response Relationship, Drug Drug-impaired driving Drunk driving Female Forensic Medicine Germany Humans Male Marijuana Marijuana Abuse - diagnosis Medical Law Medicine Medicine & Public Health Neurologic Examination - drug effects Psychotropic drugs Receptor, Cannabinoid, CB1 - drug effects Sanctions Substance Abuse Detection Tetrahydrocannabinol THC Young Adult |
| title | Driving under the influence of synthetic cannabinoids (“Spice”): a case series |
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