Influence of Dy on the dielectric aging and thermally stimulated depolarization current in Dy and Mn-codoped BaTiO3 multilayer ceramic capacitor

Dielectric aging of Dy and Mn-codoped BaTiO3 multilayer ceramic capacitors was investigated. The increase of Dy concentration significantly decreased the aging rate and caused a disappearance of the thermally stimulated depolarization current peak associated with the defect dipole of Mn such as ${\rm{Mn}}_{{\rm{Ti}}}^{\prime \prime } {\rm{ - V}}_{\rm{O}}^{\cdot\cdot}$ or ${\rm{Mn}}_{{\rm{Ti}}}^\prime {\rm{ - V}}_{\rm{O}}^{\cdot\cdot}$ , which was observed in low Dy-concentration specimens. These results experimentally demonstrate that the rare earth element, Dy, decreases the concentration of the defect dipoles and thereby controls dielectric aging.