Evolutionary Breakpoints in the Gibbon Suggest Association between Cytosine Methylation and Karyotype Evolution: e1000538
Gibbon species have accumulated an unusually high number of chromosomal changes since diverging from the common hominoid ancestor 15-18 million years ago. The cause of this increased rate of chromosomal rearrangements is not known, nor is it known if genome architecture has a role. To address this q...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | PLoS genetics 2009-06, Vol.5 (6) |
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| creator | Carbone, Lucia Harris, R Alan Vessere, Gery M Mootnick, Alan R Humphray, Sean Rogers, Jane Kim, Sung K Wall, Jeffrey D Martin, David Jurka, Jerzy Milosavljevic, Aleksandar Jong, Pieter Jde |
| description | Gibbon species have accumulated an unusually high number of chromosomal changes since diverging from the common hominoid ancestor 15-18 million years ago. The cause of this increased rate of chromosomal rearrangements is not known, nor is it known if genome architecture has a role. To address this question, we analyzed sequences spanning 57 breaks of synteny between northern white-cheeked gibbons (Nomascus l. leucogenys) and humans. We find that the breakpoint regions are enriched in segmental duplications and repeats, with Alu elements being the most abundant. Alus located near the gibbon breakpoints ( |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1371/journal.pgen.1000538 |
| format | Article |
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The cause of this increased rate of chromosomal rearrangements is not known, nor is it known if genome architecture has a role. To address this question, we analyzed sequences spanning 57 breaks of synteny between northern white-cheeked gibbons (Nomascus l. leucogenys) and humans. We find that the breakpoint regions are enriched in segmental duplications and repeats, with Alu elements being the most abundant. Alus located near the gibbon breakpoints (<150 bp) have a higher CpG content than other Alus. Bisulphite allelic sequencing reveals that these gibbon Alus have a lower average density of methylated cytosine that their human orthologues. The finding of higher CpG content and lower average CpG methylation suggests that the gibbon Alu elements are epigenetically distinct from their human orthologues. The association between undermethylation and chromosomal rearrangement in gibbons suggests a correlation between epigenetic state and structural genome variation in evolution.</description><identifier>ISSN: 1553-7390</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1553-7404</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1000538</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>San Francisco: Public Library of Science</publisher><subject>Cancer ; Cloning ; Epigenetics ; Evolution ; Genetics ; Genomes ; Genomics ; Monkeys & apes</subject><ispartof>PLoS genetics, 2009-06, Vol.5 (6)</ispartof><rights>2009 Carbone et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited: Carbone L, Harris RA, Vessere GM, Mootnick AR, Humphray S, et al. (2009) Evolutionary Breakpoints in the Gibbon Suggest Association between Cytosine Methylation and Karyotype Evolution. 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The association between undermethylation and chromosomal rearrangement in gibbons suggests a correlation between epigenetic state and structural genome variation in evolution.</description><subject>Cancer</subject><subject>Cloning</subject><subject>Epigenetics</subject><subject>Evolution</subject><subject>Genetics</subject><subject>Genomes</subject><subject>Genomics</subject><subject>Monkeys & apes</subject><issn>1553-7390</issn><issn>1553-7404</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2009</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>ABUWG</sourceid><sourceid>AFKRA</sourceid><sourceid>AZQEC</sourceid><sourceid>BENPR</sourceid><sourceid>CCPQU</sourceid><sourceid>DWQXO</sourceid><sourceid>GNUQQ</sourceid><recordid>eNqNT01PwkAQ3RBNROUfeJjEM2Uny6b0iAQ1IZz0TrY6loVmpna2mv57IaBnT-8l7yvPmDu0GbocJzvpWg511lTEGVprvZsNzBC9d-N8aqcXv9wV9spcq-6sdX5W5EMjyy-puxSFQ9vDQ0th30jkpBAZ0pbgKZalMLx0VUWaYK4qbzEcA1BS-iZiWPRJNDLBmtK2r09i4HdYHTol9Q3B38qtufwItdLojDfm_nH5ungeN618doeFzfmMbtCh8x6xKNz_XD99vVT3</recordid><startdate>20090601</startdate><enddate>20090601</enddate><creator>Carbone, Lucia</creator><creator>Harris, R Alan</creator><creator>Vessere, Gery M</creator><creator>Mootnick, Alan R</creator><creator>Humphray, Sean</creator><creator>Rogers, Jane</creator><creator>Kim, Sung K</creator><creator>Wall, Jeffrey D</creator><creator>Martin, David</creator><creator>Jurka, Jerzy</creator><creator>Milosavljevic, Aleksandar</creator><creator>Jong, Pieter Jde</creator><general>Public Library of Science</general><scope>3V.</scope><scope>7QP</scope><scope>7QR</scope><scope>7SS</scope><scope>7TK</scope><scope>7TM</scope><scope>7TO</scope><scope>7X7</scope><scope>7XB</scope><scope>88E</scope><scope>8FD</scope><scope>8FE</scope><scope>8FH</scope><scope>8FI</scope><scope>8FJ</scope><scope>8FK</scope><scope>ABUWG</scope><scope>AFKRA</scope><scope>AZQEC</scope><scope>BBNVY</scope><scope>BENPR</scope><scope>BHPHI</scope><scope>CCPQU</scope><scope>DWQXO</scope><scope>FR3</scope><scope>FYUFA</scope><scope>GHDGH</scope><scope>GNUQQ</scope><scope>H94</scope><scope>HCIFZ</scope><scope>K9.</scope><scope>LK8</scope><scope>M0S</scope><scope>M1P</scope><scope>M7P</scope><scope>P64</scope><scope>PIMPY</scope><scope>PQEST</scope><scope>PQQKQ</scope><scope>PQUKI</scope><scope>PRINS</scope><scope>RC3</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20090601</creationdate><title>Evolutionary Breakpoints in the Gibbon Suggest Association between Cytosine Methylation and Karyotype Evolution</title><author>Carbone, Lucia ; 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The cause of this increased rate of chromosomal rearrangements is not known, nor is it known if genome architecture has a role. To address this question, we analyzed sequences spanning 57 breaks of synteny between northern white-cheeked gibbons (Nomascus l. leucogenys) and humans. We find that the breakpoint regions are enriched in segmental duplications and repeats, with Alu elements being the most abundant. Alus located near the gibbon breakpoints (<150 bp) have a higher CpG content than other Alus. Bisulphite allelic sequencing reveals that these gibbon Alus have a lower average density of methylated cytosine that their human orthologues. The finding of higher CpG content and lower average CpG methylation suggests that the gibbon Alu elements are epigenetically distinct from their human orthologues. The association between undermethylation and chromosomal rearrangement in gibbons suggests a correlation between epigenetic state and structural genome variation in evolution.</abstract><cop>San Francisco</cop><pub>Public Library of Science</pub><doi>10.1371/journal.pgen.1000538</doi><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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| subjects | Cancer Cloning Epigenetics Evolution Genetics Genomes Genomics Monkeys & apes |
| title | Evolutionary Breakpoints in the Gibbon Suggest Association between Cytosine Methylation and Karyotype Evolution: e1000538 |
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