A note on the characterization of paint layers by transmission electron microscopy
The application of transmission electron microscopy (TEM) to the study of paint and ground layers in a sample from a fourteenth-century painting is described. The study was carried out on an ultra-thin section cut from a microsample so as to retain the original paint layer structure. The sample had...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Studies in conservation 1995-08, Vol.40 (3), p.194-200 |
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| container_title | Studies in conservation |
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| creator | Barba, Carlos Andrés, Margarita San Peinado, Javier Báez, María Isabel Baldonedo, Juan Luis |
| description | The application of transmission electron microscopy (TEM) to the study of paint and ground layers in a sample from a fourteenth-century painting is described. The study was carried out on an ultra-thin section cut from a microsample so as to retain the original paint layer structure. The sample had a single ground layer and one, red, paint layer. Analysis of individual particles using electron diffraction identified the major and minor components in the ground and paint layers. The predominant component of the ground layer was shown to be gypsum (CaSO
4
·2H
2
O), together with some albite (NaAlSi
3
O
8
), dolomite (CaCO
3
·MgCO
3
) and calcite (CaCO
3
); the paint layer is composed entirely of vermilion (HgS). TEM is a powerful technique, as it allows the complete characterization of the inorganic components in each layer, commencing with a morphological study, then qualitative and quantitative microanalysis by energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry and, finally, the determination of the crystal structure by electron diffraction. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1179/sic.1995.40.3.194 |
| format | Article |
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4
·2H
2
O), together with some albite (NaAlSi
3
O
8
), dolomite (CaCO
3
·MgCO
3
) and calcite (CaCO
3
); the paint layer is composed entirely of vermilion (HgS). TEM is a powerful technique, as it allows the complete characterization of the inorganic components in each layer, commencing with a morphological study, then qualitative and quantitative microanalysis by energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry and, finally, the determination of the crystal structure by electron diffraction.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0039-3630</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 2047-0584</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1179/sic.1995.40.3.194</identifier><identifier>CODEN: SCONAH</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>London: Routledge</publisher><subject>Applied sciences ; Art objects ; Calcite ; Coatings. Paints, varnishes and inks ; Crystals ; Dolomite ; Electron diffraction ; Exact sciences and technology ; Film formation and curing, properties, testing ; Gypsum ; Microanalysis ; Paints ; Particle diffraction ; Polymer industry, paints, wood</subject><ispartof>Studies in conservation, 1995-08, Vol.40 (3), p.194-200</ispartof><rights>1995 Maney 1995</rights><rights>Copyright 1995 The International Institute for Conservation of Historic and Artistic Works</rights><rights>1995 INIST-CNRS</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c299t-b9d1b0ba154f3053ece22adb33022492e71e3f07dc730cdf738cce43cd3c8e043</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c299t-b9d1b0ba154f3053ece22adb33022492e71e3f07dc730cdf738cce43cd3c8e043</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://www.jstor.org/stable/pdf/1506478$$EPDF$$P50$$Gjstor$$H</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://www.jstor.org/stable/1506478$$EHTML$$P50$$Gjstor$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>314,780,784,803,27869,27924,27925,58017,58250</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttp://pascal-francis.inist.fr/vibad/index.php?action=getRecordDetail&idt=3667336$$DView record in Pascal Francis$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Barba, Carlos</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Andrés, Margarita San</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Peinado, Javier</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Báez, María Isabel</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Baldonedo, Juan Luis</creatorcontrib><title>A note on the characterization of paint layers by transmission electron microscopy</title><title>Studies in conservation</title><description>The application of transmission electron microscopy (TEM) to the study of paint and ground layers in a sample from a fourteenth-century painting is described. The study was carried out on an ultra-thin section cut from a microsample so as to retain the original paint layer structure. The sample had a single ground layer and one, red, paint layer. Analysis of individual particles using electron diffraction identified the major and minor components in the ground and paint layers. The predominant component of the ground layer was shown to be gypsum (CaSO
4
·2H
2
O), together with some albite (NaAlSi
3
O
8
), dolomite (CaCO
3
·MgCO
3
) and calcite (CaCO
3
); the paint layer is composed entirely of vermilion (HgS). TEM is a powerful technique, as it allows the complete characterization of the inorganic components in each layer, commencing with a morphological study, then qualitative and quantitative microanalysis by energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry and, finally, the determination of the crystal structure by electron diffraction.</description><subject>Applied sciences</subject><subject>Art objects</subject><subject>Calcite</subject><subject>Coatings. Paints, varnishes and inks</subject><subject>Crystals</subject><subject>Dolomite</subject><subject>Electron diffraction</subject><subject>Exact sciences and technology</subject><subject>Film formation and curing, properties, testing</subject><subject>Gypsum</subject><subject>Microanalysis</subject><subject>Paints</subject><subject>Particle diffraction</subject><subject>Polymer industry, paints, wood</subject><issn>0039-3630</issn><issn>2047-0584</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>1995</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>K30</sourceid><recordid>eNp1kN1LwzAUxYMoOD_-AN8K-tp5k5s2K_gyhl8wEESfQ5qmmNE1M8mQ-tebsjl88SmH5Nxfzj2EXFGYUiqq22D1lFZVMeUwxaT4EZkw4CKHYsaPyQQAqxxLhFNyFsIKgFOK5YS8zrPeRZO5PosfJtMfyisdjbffKtp06dpso2wfs04NxoesHrLoVR_WNoTx3XRGR5_E2mrvgnab4YKctKoL5nJ_npP3h_u3xVO-fHl8XsyXuWZVFfO6amgNtaIFbxEKNNowppoaERjjFTOCGmxBNFog6KYVONPacNQN6pkBjufkesfdePe5NSHKldv6Pn0paWLQAlgJyUV3rjFe8KaVG2_Xyg-Sghyrk6k6OVYnOUhMaiTf7MkqaNW1aWFtw2EQy1Jg6vJgW4Xo_F8uQxAyBSi5mCXb3c5m-9b5tfpyvmtkVEPn_C8a_w_zAzvPj4M</recordid><startdate>19950801</startdate><enddate>19950801</enddate><creator>Barba, Carlos</creator><creator>Andrés, Margarita San</creator><creator>Peinado, Javier</creator><creator>Báez, María Isabel</creator><creator>Baldonedo, Juan Luis</creator><general>Routledge</general><general>International Institute for Conservation of Historic and Artistic Works</general><scope>IQODW</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>FYSDU</scope><scope>HAGHG</scope><scope>HQAFP</scope><scope>K30</scope><scope>PAAUG</scope><scope>PAWHS</scope><scope>PAWZZ</scope><scope>PAXOH</scope><scope>PBHAV</scope><scope>PBQSW</scope><scope>PBYQZ</scope><scope>PCIWU</scope><scope>PCMID</scope><scope>PCZJX</scope><scope>PDGRG</scope><scope>PDWWI</scope><scope>PETMR</scope><scope>PFVGT</scope><scope>PGXDX</scope><scope>PIHIL</scope><scope>PISVA</scope><scope>PJCTQ</scope><scope>PJTMS</scope><scope>PLCHJ</scope><scope>PMHAD</scope><scope>PNQDJ</scope><scope>POUND</scope><scope>PPLAD</scope><scope>PQAPC</scope><scope>PQCAN</scope><scope>PQCMW</scope><scope>PQEME</scope><scope>PQHKH</scope><scope>PQMID</scope><scope>PQNCT</scope><scope>PQNET</scope><scope>PQSCT</scope><scope>PQSET</scope><scope>PSVJG</scope><scope>PVMQY</scope><scope>PZGFC</scope></search><sort><creationdate>19950801</creationdate><title>A note on the characterization of paint layers by transmission electron microscopy</title><author>Barba, Carlos ; Andrés, Margarita San ; Peinado, Javier ; Báez, María Isabel ; Baldonedo, Juan Luis</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c299t-b9d1b0ba154f3053ece22adb33022492e71e3f07dc730cdf738cce43cd3c8e043</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>1995</creationdate><topic>Applied sciences</topic><topic>Art objects</topic><topic>Calcite</topic><topic>Coatings. Paints, varnishes and inks</topic><topic>Crystals</topic><topic>Dolomite</topic><topic>Electron diffraction</topic><topic>Exact sciences and technology</topic><topic>Film formation and curing, properties, testing</topic><topic>Gypsum</topic><topic>Microanalysis</topic><topic>Paints</topic><topic>Particle diffraction</topic><topic>Polymer industry, paints, wood</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Barba, Carlos</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Andrés, Margarita San</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Peinado, Javier</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Báez, María Isabel</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Baldonedo, Juan Luis</creatorcontrib><collection>Pascal-Francis</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>Periodicals Index Online Segment 07</collection><collection>Periodicals Index Online Segment 12</collection><collection>Periodicals Index Online Segment 23</collection><collection>Periodicals Index Online</collection><collection>Primary Sources Access—Foundation Edition (Plan E) - West</collection><collection>Primary Sources Access (Plan D) - International</collection><collection>Primary Sources Access & Build (Plan A) - MEA</collection><collection>Primary Sources Access—Foundation Edition (Plan E) - Midwest</collection><collection>Primary Sources Access—Foundation Edition (Plan E) - Northeast</collection><collection>Primary Sources Access (Plan D) - Southeast</collection><collection>Primary Sources Access (Plan D) - North Central</collection><collection>Primary Sources Access—Foundation Edition (Plan E) - Southeast</collection><collection>Primary Sources Access (Plan D) - South Central</collection><collection>Primary Sources Access & Build (Plan A) - UK / I</collection><collection>Primary Sources Access (Plan D) - Canada</collection><collection>Primary Sources Access (Plan D) - EMEALA</collection><collection>Primary Sources Access—Foundation Edition (Plan E) - North Central</collection><collection>Primary Sources Access—Foundation Edition (Plan E) - South Central</collection><collection>Primary Sources Access & Build (Plan A) - International</collection><collection>Primary Sources Access—Foundation Edition (Plan E) - International</collection><collection>Primary Sources Access (Plan D) - West</collection><collection>Periodicals Index Online Segments 1-50</collection><collection>Primary Sources Access (Plan D) - APAC</collection><collection>Primary Sources Access (Plan D) - Midwest</collection><collection>Primary Sources Access (Plan D) - MEA</collection><collection>Primary Sources Access—Foundation Edition (Plan E) - Canada</collection><collection>Primary Sources Access—Foundation Edition (Plan E) - UK / I</collection><collection>Primary Sources Access—Foundation Edition (Plan E) - EMEALA</collection><collection>Primary Sources Access & Build (Plan A) - APAC</collection><collection>Primary Sources Access & Build (Plan A) - Canada</collection><collection>Primary Sources Access & Build (Plan A) - West</collection><collection>Primary Sources Access & Build (Plan A) - EMEALA</collection><collection>Primary Sources Access (Plan D) - Northeast</collection><collection>Primary Sources Access & Build (Plan A) - Midwest</collection><collection>Primary Sources Access & Build (Plan A) - North Central</collection><collection>Primary Sources Access & Build (Plan A) - Northeast</collection><collection>Primary Sources Access & Build (Plan A) - South Central</collection><collection>Primary Sources Access & Build (Plan A) - Southeast</collection><collection>Primary Sources Access (Plan D) - UK / I</collection><collection>Primary Sources Access—Foundation Edition (Plan E) - APAC</collection><collection>Primary Sources Access—Foundation Edition (Plan E) - MEA</collection><jtitle>Studies in conservation</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Barba, Carlos</au><au>Andrés, Margarita San</au><au>Peinado, Javier</au><au>Báez, María Isabel</au><au>Baldonedo, Juan Luis</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>A note on the characterization of paint layers by transmission electron microscopy</atitle><jtitle>Studies in conservation</jtitle><date>1995-08-01</date><risdate>1995</risdate><volume>40</volume><issue>3</issue><spage>194</spage><epage>200</epage><pages>194-200</pages><issn>0039-3630</issn><eissn>2047-0584</eissn><coden>SCONAH</coden><abstract>The application of transmission electron microscopy (TEM) to the study of paint and ground layers in a sample from a fourteenth-century painting is described. The study was carried out on an ultra-thin section cut from a microsample so as to retain the original paint layer structure. The sample had a single ground layer and one, red, paint layer. Analysis of individual particles using electron diffraction identified the major and minor components in the ground and paint layers. The predominant component of the ground layer was shown to be gypsum (CaSO
4
·2H
2
O), together with some albite (NaAlSi
3
O
8
), dolomite (CaCO
3
·MgCO
3
) and calcite (CaCO
3
); the paint layer is composed entirely of vermilion (HgS). TEM is a powerful technique, as it allows the complete characterization of the inorganic components in each layer, commencing with a morphological study, then qualitative and quantitative microanalysis by energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry and, finally, the determination of the crystal structure by electron diffraction.</abstract><cop>London</cop><pub>Routledge</pub><doi>10.1179/sic.1995.40.3.194</doi><tpages>7</tpages></addata></record> |
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| language | eng |
| recordid | cdi_proquest_journals_1302150260 |
| source | Periodicals Index Online; JSTOR Archive Collection A-Z Listing |
| subjects | Applied sciences Art objects Calcite Coatings. Paints, varnishes and inks Crystals Dolomite Electron diffraction Exact sciences and technology Film formation and curing, properties, testing Gypsum Microanalysis Paints Particle diffraction Polymer industry, paints, wood |
| title | A note on the characterization of paint layers by transmission electron microscopy |
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