Thomas Bardwell and His Practice of Painting: A Comparative Investigation between Described and Actual Painting Technique

Thomas Bardwell (1704-67), an English portrait painter, wrote a technical treatise entitled "The Practice of Painting and Perspective Made Easy" which was published in 1756. The section on painting deals exclusively with the oil technique and may be considered one of the most original prod...

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description Thomas Bardwell (1704-67), an English portrait painter, wrote a technical treatise entitled "The Practice of Painting and Perspective Made Easy" which was published in 1756. The section on painting deals exclusively with the oil technique and may be considered one of the most original productions of its kind written in England. A total of 153 paint samples were taken from 15 of Bardwell's paintings dating between 1740 and 1766, the better part of his active career. Through cross-sections, and likewise numerous analyses, made from these paint samples it was possible to reconstruct Bardwell's actual practice. This in turn could be compared with the suggested technique as explained in his book. Bardwell's actual practice follows his written advice rather closely; however, in general it was discovered to be less complicated. /// Thomas Bardwell (1704-67), portraitiste anglais, a écrit un traité technique intitulé "La Pratique de la Peinture et de la Perspective rendue facile", publié en 1756. La partie sur la peinture traite exclusivement la technique de peinture à l'huile et peut être considérée comme l'une des œuvres les plus originales du genre, écrites en Angleterre. Ont été prélevés 153 échantillons de peinture, émanant de quinze tableaux de Bardwell, faits entre 1740 et 1766, l'époque la plus active de sa carrière. Des coupes transversales, ainsi que de nombreuses analyses tirées de ces échantillons de peinture, ont permis de reconstruire les procédés appliqués par Bardwell, ce qui ensuite a pu être comparé à la technique telle qu'il l'a expliquée dans son livre. Le procédé que Bardwell applique est assez conforme à ses avis écrits, mais en général ce procédé s'est révélé moins compliqué. /// Thomas Bardwell (1704-67), ein englischer Porträtmaler, schrieb eine technische Abhandlung mit dem Titel "The Practice of Painting and Perspective Made Easy" (Die Praxis des Malens und die Perspektive leicht gemacht) im Jahre 1756. Der Abschnitt über Gemälde handelt ausschliesslich von der Öltechnik und darf als eins der originellsten Werke auf diesem Gebiet betrachet werden, das je in England verfasst wurde. Insgesamt 153 Proben wurden von fünfzehn Gemälden Bardwells genommen, die er zwischen 1740 und 1766 geschaffen hat, der besseren Periode seiner künstlerischen Laufbahn. Mittels Querschnitten und zahlreicher Analysen, die von diesen Farbproben gemacht wurden, war es möglich, die von Bardwell in der Praxis angewandte Methode zu rekonstruieren. Dies liess sich auc
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Kirby ; Groen, Karin</creator><creatorcontrib>Talley, M. Kirby ; Groen, Karin</creatorcontrib><description>Thomas Bardwell (1704-67), an English portrait painter, wrote a technical treatise entitled "The Practice of Painting and Perspective Made Easy" which was published in 1756. The section on painting deals exclusively with the oil technique and may be considered one of the most original productions of its kind written in England. A total of 153 paint samples were taken from 15 of Bardwell's paintings dating between 1740 and 1766, the better part of his active career. Through cross-sections, and likewise numerous analyses, made from these paint samples it was possible to reconstruct Bardwell's actual practice. This in turn could be compared with the suggested technique as explained in his book. Bardwell's actual practice follows his written advice rather closely; however, in general it was discovered to be less complicated. /// Thomas Bardwell (1704-67), portraitiste anglais, a écrit un traité technique intitulé "La Pratique de la Peinture et de la Perspective rendue facile", publié en 1756. La partie sur la peinture traite exclusivement la technique de peinture à l'huile et peut être considérée comme l'une des œuvres les plus originales du genre, écrites en Angleterre. Ont été prélevés 153 échantillons de peinture, émanant de quinze tableaux de Bardwell, faits entre 1740 et 1766, l'époque la plus active de sa carrière. Des coupes transversales, ainsi que de nombreuses analyses tirées de ces échantillons de peinture, ont permis de reconstruire les procédés appliqués par Bardwell, ce qui ensuite a pu être comparé à la technique telle qu'il l'a expliquée dans son livre. Le procédé que Bardwell applique est assez conforme à ses avis écrits, mais en général ce procédé s'est révélé moins compliqué. /// Thomas Bardwell (1704-67), ein englischer Porträtmaler, schrieb eine technische Abhandlung mit dem Titel "The Practice of Painting and Perspective Made Easy" (Die Praxis des Malens und die Perspektive leicht gemacht) im Jahre 1756. Der Abschnitt über Gemälde handelt ausschliesslich von der Öltechnik und darf als eins der originellsten Werke auf diesem Gebiet betrachet werden, das je in England verfasst wurde. Insgesamt 153 Proben wurden von fünfzehn Gemälden Bardwells genommen, die er zwischen 1740 und 1766 geschaffen hat, der besseren Periode seiner künstlerischen Laufbahn. Mittels Querschnitten und zahlreicher Analysen, die von diesen Farbproben gemacht wurden, war es möglich, die von Bardwell in der Praxis angewandte Methode zu rekonstruieren. Dies liess sich auch wieder mit der empfohlenen Technik vergleichen, die in seinem Buch erklärt wird. Bardwells aktuelle Arbeitsweise folgt seiner geschriebenen Empfehlung ziemlich genau; es hat sich gezeigt, dass sie im allgemeinen weniger kompliziert war. /// Thomas Bardwell (1704-67), ritrattista inglese, scrisse un trattato tecnico con il titolo "The Practice of Painting and Perspective Made Easy", pubblicato nel 1756. Il brano sulla pittura tratta esclusivamente delle tecniche dello stemperamento con olio a può considerarsi uno degli scritti più originali del genere in Inghilterra. Un totale di 153 campioni di colori fu prelevato da quindici pitture del Bardwell databili tra il 1740 ed il 1766, periodo più importante della sua attività. Mediante sezioni trasversali, insieme a numerose analisi, eseguite su questi campioni, era possibile ricostruire la pratica effettiva del Bardwell. Questa poteva poi essere confrontata con le tecniche proposte ed illustrate nel suo libro. La pratica reale del Bardwell segue in modo abbastanza stretto i suggerimenti messi in iscritto, anche se in genere -- come si scoperse -- di carattere meno complicato. /// Thomas Bardwell (1704-67), un pintor inglés de retratos, escribión un tratado titulado: "La Práctica de la Pintura y de la Perspectiva hecha fácil", que fue publicado en el año 1756. La sección de pintura trata exclusivamente de la técnica de aceite y puede considerarse como una de las producciones más originales de su género escritas en Inglaterra. En total se tomaron 153 muestras de pintura de quince cuadros de Bardwell, datando de los años 1740 a 1766, el período mejor de su carrera activa. Mediante secciones transversales y asimismo numerosos análisis, que se hicieron de estas muestras de pintura, fue posible reconstruir la práctica efectiva de Bardwell. Y estos datos, a su vez, pudieron compararse con la técnica sugerida, tal como se explica en su libro. 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Kirby</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Groen, Karin</creatorcontrib><title>Thomas Bardwell and His Practice of Painting: A Comparative Investigation between Described and Actual Painting Technique</title><title>Studies in conservation</title><description>Thomas Bardwell (1704-67), an English portrait painter, wrote a technical treatise entitled "The Practice of Painting and Perspective Made Easy" which was published in 1756. The section on painting deals exclusively with the oil technique and may be considered one of the most original productions of its kind written in England. A total of 153 paint samples were taken from 15 of Bardwell's paintings dating between 1740 and 1766, the better part of his active career. Through cross-sections, and likewise numerous analyses, made from these paint samples it was possible to reconstruct Bardwell's actual practice. This in turn could be compared with the suggested technique as explained in his book. Bardwell's actual practice follows his written advice rather closely; however, in general it was discovered to be less complicated. /// Thomas Bardwell (1704-67), portraitiste anglais, a écrit un traité technique intitulé "La Pratique de la Peinture et de la Perspective rendue facile", publié en 1756. La partie sur la peinture traite exclusivement la technique de peinture à l'huile et peut être considérée comme l'une des œuvres les plus originales du genre, écrites en Angleterre. Ont été prélevés 153 échantillons de peinture, émanant de quinze tableaux de Bardwell, faits entre 1740 et 1766, l'époque la plus active de sa carrière. Des coupes transversales, ainsi que de nombreuses analyses tirées de ces échantillons de peinture, ont permis de reconstruire les procédés appliqués par Bardwell, ce qui ensuite a pu être comparé à la technique telle qu'il l'a expliquée dans son livre. Le procédé que Bardwell applique est assez conforme à ses avis écrits, mais en général ce procédé s'est révélé moins compliqué. /// Thomas Bardwell (1704-67), ein englischer Porträtmaler, schrieb eine technische Abhandlung mit dem Titel "The Practice of Painting and Perspective Made Easy" (Die Praxis des Malens und die Perspektive leicht gemacht) im Jahre 1756. Der Abschnitt über Gemälde handelt ausschliesslich von der Öltechnik und darf als eins der originellsten Werke auf diesem Gebiet betrachet werden, das je in England verfasst wurde. Insgesamt 153 Proben wurden von fünfzehn Gemälden Bardwells genommen, die er zwischen 1740 und 1766 geschaffen hat, der besseren Periode seiner künstlerischen Laufbahn. Mittels Querschnitten und zahlreicher Analysen, die von diesen Farbproben gemacht wurden, war es möglich, die von Bardwell in der Praxis angewandte Methode zu rekonstruieren. Dies liess sich auch wieder mit der empfohlenen Technik vergleichen, die in seinem Buch erklärt wird. Bardwells aktuelle Arbeitsweise folgt seiner geschriebenen Empfehlung ziemlich genau; es hat sich gezeigt, dass sie im allgemeinen weniger kompliziert war. /// Thomas Bardwell (1704-67), ritrattista inglese, scrisse un trattato tecnico con il titolo "The Practice of Painting and Perspective Made Easy", pubblicato nel 1756. Il brano sulla pittura tratta esclusivamente delle tecniche dello stemperamento con olio a può considerarsi uno degli scritti più originali del genere in Inghilterra. Un totale di 153 campioni di colori fu prelevato da quindici pitture del Bardwell databili tra il 1740 ed il 1766, periodo più importante della sua attività. Mediante sezioni trasversali, insieme a numerose analisi, eseguite su questi campioni, era possibile ricostruire la pratica effettiva del Bardwell. Questa poteva poi essere confrontata con le tecniche proposte ed illustrate nel suo libro. La pratica reale del Bardwell segue in modo abbastanza stretto i suggerimenti messi in iscritto, anche se in genere -- come si scoperse -- di carattere meno complicato. /// Thomas Bardwell (1704-67), un pintor inglés de retratos, escribión un tratado titulado: "La Práctica de la Pintura y de la Perspectiva hecha fácil", que fue publicado en el año 1756. La sección de pintura trata exclusivamente de la técnica de aceite y puede considerarse como una de las producciones más originales de su género escritas en Inglaterra. En total se tomaron 153 muestras de pintura de quince cuadros de Bardwell, datando de los años 1740 a 1766, el período mejor de su carrera activa. Mediante secciones transversales y asimismo numerosos análisis, que se hicieron de estas muestras de pintura, fue posible reconstruir la práctica efectiva de Bardwell. Y estos datos, a su vez, pudieron compararse con la técnica sugerida, tal como se explica en su libro. 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Kirby</au><au>Groen, Karin</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Thomas Bardwell and His Practice of Painting: A Comparative Investigation between Described and Actual Painting Technique</atitle><jtitle>Studies in conservation</jtitle><date>1975-05-01</date><risdate>1975</risdate><volume>20</volume><issue>2</issue><spage>44</spage><epage>108</epage><pages>44-108</pages><issn>0039-3630</issn><eissn>2047-0584</eissn><abstract>Thomas Bardwell (1704-67), an English portrait painter, wrote a technical treatise entitled "The Practice of Painting and Perspective Made Easy" which was published in 1756. The section on painting deals exclusively with the oil technique and may be considered one of the most original productions of its kind written in England. A total of 153 paint samples were taken from 15 of Bardwell's paintings dating between 1740 and 1766, the better part of his active career. Through cross-sections, and likewise numerous analyses, made from these paint samples it was possible to reconstruct Bardwell's actual practice. This in turn could be compared with the suggested technique as explained in his book. Bardwell's actual practice follows his written advice rather closely; however, in general it was discovered to be less complicated. /// Thomas Bardwell (1704-67), portraitiste anglais, a écrit un traité technique intitulé "La Pratique de la Peinture et de la Perspective rendue facile", publié en 1756. La partie sur la peinture traite exclusivement la technique de peinture à l'huile et peut être considérée comme l'une des œuvres les plus originales du genre, écrites en Angleterre. Ont été prélevés 153 échantillons de peinture, émanant de quinze tableaux de Bardwell, faits entre 1740 et 1766, l'époque la plus active de sa carrière. Des coupes transversales, ainsi que de nombreuses analyses tirées de ces échantillons de peinture, ont permis de reconstruire les procédés appliqués par Bardwell, ce qui ensuite a pu être comparé à la technique telle qu'il l'a expliquée dans son livre. Le procédé que Bardwell applique est assez conforme à ses avis écrits, mais en général ce procédé s'est révélé moins compliqué. /// Thomas Bardwell (1704-67), ein englischer Porträtmaler, schrieb eine technische Abhandlung mit dem Titel "The Practice of Painting and Perspective Made Easy" (Die Praxis des Malens und die Perspektive leicht gemacht) im Jahre 1756. Der Abschnitt über Gemälde handelt ausschliesslich von der Öltechnik und darf als eins der originellsten Werke auf diesem Gebiet betrachet werden, das je in England verfasst wurde. Insgesamt 153 Proben wurden von fünfzehn Gemälden Bardwells genommen, die er zwischen 1740 und 1766 geschaffen hat, der besseren Periode seiner künstlerischen Laufbahn. Mittels Querschnitten und zahlreicher Analysen, die von diesen Farbproben gemacht wurden, war es möglich, die von Bardwell in der Praxis angewandte Methode zu rekonstruieren. Dies liess sich auch wieder mit der empfohlenen Technik vergleichen, die in seinem Buch erklärt wird. Bardwells aktuelle Arbeitsweise folgt seiner geschriebenen Empfehlung ziemlich genau; es hat sich gezeigt, dass sie im allgemeinen weniger kompliziert war. /// Thomas Bardwell (1704-67), ritrattista inglese, scrisse un trattato tecnico con il titolo "The Practice of Painting and Perspective Made Easy", pubblicato nel 1756. Il brano sulla pittura tratta esclusivamente delle tecniche dello stemperamento con olio a può considerarsi uno degli scritti più originali del genere in Inghilterra. Un totale di 153 campioni di colori fu prelevato da quindici pitture del Bardwell databili tra il 1740 ed il 1766, periodo più importante della sua attività. Mediante sezioni trasversali, insieme a numerose analisi, eseguite su questi campioni, era possibile ricostruire la pratica effettiva del Bardwell. Questa poteva poi essere confrontata con le tecniche proposte ed illustrate nel suo libro. La pratica reale del Bardwell segue in modo abbastanza stretto i suggerimenti messi in iscritto, anche se in genere -- come si scoperse -- di carattere meno complicato. /// Thomas Bardwell (1704-67), un pintor inglés de retratos, escribión un tratado titulado: "La Práctica de la Pintura y de la Perspectiva hecha fácil", que fue publicado en el año 1756. La sección de pintura trata exclusivamente de la técnica de aceite y puede considerarse como una de las producciones más originales de su género escritas en Inglaterra. En total se tomaron 153 muestras de pintura de quince cuadros de Bardwell, datando de los años 1740 a 1766, el período mejor de su carrera activa. Mediante secciones transversales y asimismo numerosos análisis, que se hicieron de estas muestras de pintura, fue posible reconstruir la práctica efectiva de Bardwell. Y estos datos, a su vez, pudieron compararse con la técnica sugerida, tal como se explica en su libro. La práctica efectiva de Bardwell sigue sus consejos escritos con bastante exactitud; sin embargo, en general se descubrióque fue menos complicada.</abstract><cop>London</cop><pub>International Institute for Conservation of Historic and Artistic Works</pub><doi>10.1179/sic.1975.20.2.007</doi><tpages>65</tpages></addata></record>
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identifier ISSN: 0039-3630
ispartof Studies in conservation, 1975-05, Vol.20 (2), p.44-108
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2047-0584
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source Periodicals Index Online; JSTOR Archive Collection A-Z Listing
subjects Art conservation
Colors
Draperies
Glazes
Lead
Paints
Pigments
Portraits
White people
title Thomas Bardwell and His Practice of Painting: A Comparative Investigation between Described and Actual Painting Technique
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