Long time coming: the repatriation of Afghan refugees
The return of several million Afghans, in the years following the complete Soviet withdrawal from Afghanistan in February 1989, will be one of the largest refugee repatriations in history. Refugees are a unique category of international migrants, protected and assisted by the United Nations High Com...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Annals of the Association of American Geographers 1989-09, Vol.79 (3), p.345-369 |
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| description | The return of several million Afghans, in the years following the complete Soviet withdrawal from Afghanistan in February 1989, will be one of the largest refugee repatriations in history. Refugees are a unique category of international migrants, protected and assisted by the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees. Afghan refugees, like those in other Third World regions, are caught in a complex and rapidly changing political and military environment. Over five million Afghans live in exile; three million reside in refugee camps in Pakistan near the Afghanistan border where they have formed a "refugee warrior community"fighting to retake control of their country.
This paper focuses on four repatriation variables: the number of returning refugees and displaced persons, military and public stability, infrastructural conditions, and agricultural productivity. The discussion is based on incomplete and sometimes confusing data, a common problem in extremely poor and unstable regions. Nonetheless, the use of these variables within a spatial framework underscores the influence of provincial and local conditions on repatriation, whether it takes place in Afghanistan, Mozambique or El Salvador.
Most refugees will return to Afghanistan's southern and eastern provinces; this region along the Pakistan/Afghanistan border, in comparison to northern, western and central provinces, has suffered the greatest infrastructural damage, the highest percentage of land abandonment and the most intense fighting. Numerous minefields in this region will pose a grave danger to those attempting to return in the next few years. Before large numbers of refugees begin to return, repatriation planners will need to prioritize provinces and direct resources toward areas where outside relief assistance can be of greatest benefit to refugees and residents. Subsequently, reconstruction efforts will need to focus on rebuilding villages and irrigation systems, replanting crops, and reestablishing marketing networks. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1111/j.1467-8306.1989.tb00267.x |
| format | Article |
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This paper focuses on four repatriation variables: the number of returning refugees and displaced persons, military and public stability, infrastructural conditions, and agricultural productivity. The discussion is based on incomplete and sometimes confusing data, a common problem in extremely poor and unstable regions. Nonetheless, the use of these variables within a spatial framework underscores the influence of provincial and local conditions on repatriation, whether it takes place in Afghanistan, Mozambique or El Salvador.
Most refugees will return to Afghanistan's southern and eastern provinces; this region along the Pakistan/Afghanistan border, in comparison to northern, western and central provinces, has suffered the greatest infrastructural damage, the highest percentage of land abandonment and the most intense fighting. Numerous minefields in this region will pose a grave danger to those attempting to return in the next few years. Before large numbers of refugees begin to return, repatriation planners will need to prioritize provinces and direct resources toward areas where outside relief assistance can be of greatest benefit to refugees and residents. Subsequently, reconstruction efforts will need to focus on rebuilding villages and irrigation systems, replanting crops, and reestablishing marketing networks.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0004-5608</identifier><identifier>ISSN: 2469-4452</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1467-8306</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 2469-4460</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1111/j.1467-8306.1989.tb00267.x</identifier><identifier>CODEN: AAAGAK</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Oxford, UK: Taylor & Francis Group</publisher><subject>Abandoned land ; AFGANISTAN ; AFGHANISTAN ; AGGLOMERATION RURALE ; Agricultural land ; Agricultural productivity ; agriculture ; ASENTAMIENTO CAMPESINO ; Asia ; Bgi / Prodig ; CONFLICTOS SOCIALES ; Crops ; Developing countries ; displaced persons ; Environmental refugees ; EVOLUCION DE LA POBLACION ; EVOLUTION DE LA POPULATION ; International cooperation ; Iran ; LDCs ; MIGRACION ; MIGRATION ; military conflict ; Pakistan ; political instability ; POLITICS ; POPULATION CHANGE ; Pushtun ; Refugees ; Repatriation ; RURAL AREAS ; RURAL SETTLEMENT ; SAFETY ; SECURITE ; security landscape ; SEGURIDAD ; SOCIAL UNREST ; Southwest Asia ; TROUBLE SOCIAL ; UNHCR ; Urban areas ; URBANISATION ; URBANIZACION ; URBANIZATION ; USSR ; War ; ZONAS RURALES ; ZONE RURALE</subject><ispartof>Annals of the Association of American Geographers, 1989-09, Vol.79 (3), p.345-369</ispartof><rights>Copyright Taylor & Francis Group, LLC 1989</rights><rights>Copyright 1989 Association of American Geographers</rights><rights>Tous droits réservés © Prodig - Bibliographie Géographique Internationale (BGI), 1992</rights><rights>Copyright Blackwell Publishers Inc. Sep 1989</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c5035-322db2ba8d2eabc33a0731b28aaf703c76aed5a53491eb6bc5ad499231fcec913</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c5035-322db2ba8d2eabc33a0731b28aaf703c76aed5a53491eb6bc5ad499231fcec913</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/j.1467-8306.1989.tb00267.x$$EPDF$$P50$$Ginformaworld$$H</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1111/j.1467-8306.1989.tb00267.x$$EHTML$$P50$$Ginformaworld$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>314,776,780,1411,27846,27901,27902,45550,45551,59620,60409</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttp://pascal-francis.inist.fr/vibad/index.php?action=getRecordDetail&idt=6154887$$DView record in Pascal Francis$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Wood, William B.</creatorcontrib><title>Long time coming: the repatriation of Afghan refugees</title><title>Annals of the Association of American Geographers</title><description>The return of several million Afghans, in the years following the complete Soviet withdrawal from Afghanistan in February 1989, will be one of the largest refugee repatriations in history. Refugees are a unique category of international migrants, protected and assisted by the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees. Afghan refugees, like those in other Third World regions, are caught in a complex and rapidly changing political and military environment. Over five million Afghans live in exile; three million reside in refugee camps in Pakistan near the Afghanistan border where they have formed a "refugee warrior community"fighting to retake control of their country.
This paper focuses on four repatriation variables: the number of returning refugees and displaced persons, military and public stability, infrastructural conditions, and agricultural productivity. The discussion is based on incomplete and sometimes confusing data, a common problem in extremely poor and unstable regions. Nonetheless, the use of these variables within a spatial framework underscores the influence of provincial and local conditions on repatriation, whether it takes place in Afghanistan, Mozambique or El Salvador.
Most refugees will return to Afghanistan's southern and eastern provinces; this region along the Pakistan/Afghanistan border, in comparison to northern, western and central provinces, has suffered the greatest infrastructural damage, the highest percentage of land abandonment and the most intense fighting. Numerous minefields in this region will pose a grave danger to those attempting to return in the next few years. Before large numbers of refugees begin to return, repatriation planners will need to prioritize provinces and direct resources toward areas where outside relief assistance can be of greatest benefit to refugees and residents. Subsequently, reconstruction efforts will need to focus on rebuilding villages and irrigation systems, replanting crops, and reestablishing marketing networks.</description><subject>Abandoned land</subject><subject>AFGANISTAN</subject><subject>AFGHANISTAN</subject><subject>AGGLOMERATION RURALE</subject><subject>Agricultural land</subject><subject>Agricultural productivity</subject><subject>agriculture</subject><subject>ASENTAMIENTO CAMPESINO</subject><subject>Asia</subject><subject>Bgi / Prodig</subject><subject>CONFLICTOS SOCIALES</subject><subject>Crops</subject><subject>Developing countries</subject><subject>displaced persons</subject><subject>Environmental refugees</subject><subject>EVOLUCION DE LA POBLACION</subject><subject>EVOLUTION DE LA POPULATION</subject><subject>International cooperation</subject><subject>Iran</subject><subject>LDCs</subject><subject>MIGRACION</subject><subject>MIGRATION</subject><subject>military conflict</subject><subject>Pakistan</subject><subject>political instability</subject><subject>POLITICS</subject><subject>POPULATION CHANGE</subject><subject>Pushtun</subject><subject>Refugees</subject><subject>Repatriation</subject><subject>RURAL AREAS</subject><subject>RURAL SETTLEMENT</subject><subject>SAFETY</subject><subject>SECURITE</subject><subject>security landscape</subject><subject>SEGURIDAD</subject><subject>SOCIAL UNREST</subject><subject>Southwest Asia</subject><subject>TROUBLE SOCIAL</subject><subject>UNHCR</subject><subject>Urban areas</subject><subject>URBANISATION</subject><subject>URBANIZACION</subject><subject>URBANIZATION</subject><subject>USSR</subject><subject>War</subject><subject>ZONAS RURALES</subject><subject>ZONE 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time coming: the repatriation of Afghan refugees</title><author>Wood, William B.</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c5035-322db2ba8d2eabc33a0731b28aaf703c76aed5a53491eb6bc5ad499231fcec913</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>1989</creationdate><topic>Abandoned land</topic><topic>AFGANISTAN</topic><topic>AFGHANISTAN</topic><topic>AGGLOMERATION RURALE</topic><topic>Agricultural land</topic><topic>Agricultural productivity</topic><topic>agriculture</topic><topic>ASENTAMIENTO CAMPESINO</topic><topic>Asia</topic><topic>Bgi / Prodig</topic><topic>CONFLICTOS SOCIALES</topic><topic>Crops</topic><topic>Developing countries</topic><topic>displaced persons</topic><topic>Environmental refugees</topic><topic>EVOLUCION DE LA POBLACION</topic><topic>EVOLUTION DE LA POPULATION</topic><topic>International 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B.</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Long time coming: the repatriation of Afghan refugees</atitle><jtitle>Annals of the Association of American Geographers</jtitle><date>1989-09</date><risdate>1989</risdate><volume>79</volume><issue>3</issue><spage>345</spage><epage>369</epage><pages>345-369</pages><issn>0004-5608</issn><issn>2469-4452</issn><eissn>1467-8306</eissn><eissn>2469-4460</eissn><coden>AAAGAK</coden><abstract>The return of several million Afghans, in the years following the complete Soviet withdrawal from Afghanistan in February 1989, will be one of the largest refugee repatriations in history. Refugees are a unique category of international migrants, protected and assisted by the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees. Afghan refugees, like those in other Third World regions, are caught in a complex and rapidly changing political and military environment. Over five million Afghans live in exile; three million reside in refugee camps in Pakistan near the Afghanistan border where they have formed a "refugee warrior community"fighting to retake control of their country.
This paper focuses on four repatriation variables: the number of returning refugees and displaced persons, military and public stability, infrastructural conditions, and agricultural productivity. The discussion is based on incomplete and sometimes confusing data, a common problem in extremely poor and unstable regions. Nonetheless, the use of these variables within a spatial framework underscores the influence of provincial and local conditions on repatriation, whether it takes place in Afghanistan, Mozambique or El Salvador.
Most refugees will return to Afghanistan's southern and eastern provinces; this region along the Pakistan/Afghanistan border, in comparison to northern, western and central provinces, has suffered the greatest infrastructural damage, the highest percentage of land abandonment and the most intense fighting. Numerous minefields in this region will pose a grave danger to those attempting to return in the next few years. Before large numbers of refugees begin to return, repatriation planners will need to prioritize provinces and direct resources toward areas where outside relief assistance can be of greatest benefit to refugees and residents. Subsequently, reconstruction efforts will need to focus on rebuilding villages and irrigation systems, replanting crops, and reestablishing marketing networks.</abstract><cop>Oxford, UK</cop><pub>Taylor & Francis Group</pub><doi>10.1111/j.1467-8306.1989.tb00267.x</doi><tpages>25</tpages></addata></record> |
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| identifier | ISSN: 0004-5608 |
| ispartof | Annals of the Association of American Geographers, 1989-09, Vol.79 (3), p.345-369 |
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| source | Taylor & Francis:Master (3349 titles); Wiley Online Library Journals Frontfile Complete; Periodicals Index Online |
| subjects | Abandoned land AFGANISTAN AFGHANISTAN AGGLOMERATION RURALE Agricultural land Agricultural productivity agriculture ASENTAMIENTO CAMPESINO Asia Bgi / Prodig CONFLICTOS SOCIALES Crops Developing countries displaced persons Environmental refugees EVOLUCION DE LA POBLACION EVOLUTION DE LA POPULATION International cooperation Iran LDCs MIGRACION MIGRATION military conflict Pakistan political instability POLITICS POPULATION CHANGE Pushtun Refugees Repatriation RURAL AREAS RURAL SETTLEMENT SAFETY SECURITE security landscape SEGURIDAD SOCIAL UNREST Southwest Asia TROUBLE SOCIAL UNHCR Urban areas URBANISATION URBANIZACION URBANIZATION USSR War ZONAS RURALES ZONE RURALE |
| title | Long time coming: the repatriation of Afghan refugees |
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