Benzodiazepine Dependence
Summary Benzodiazepines, the most widely used of all drugs, are powerful anxiolytics, anticonvulsants and muscle relaxants. Dependence is difficult to induce in animals but has been induced by high doses in man. Case reports of benzodiazepine dependence are rare compared with the usage of these drug...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | British Journal of Addiction 1981-06, Vol.76 (2), p.133-145 |
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| container_title | British Journal of Addiction |
| container_volume | 76 |
| creator | Petursson, H. Lader, M. H. |
| description | Summary
Benzodiazepines, the most widely used of all drugs, are powerful anxiolytics, anticonvulsants and muscle relaxants. Dependence is difficult to induce in animals but has been induced by high doses in man. Case reports of benzodiazepine dependence are rare compared with the usage of these drugs, but do not provide a proper epidemiological framework for the estimation of risk. Patients taking these drugs for four months or more may develop a physical withdrawal syndrome, characterized by anxiety, dysphoria, malaise, depersonalization, and by perceptual changes such as hyperacusis and unsteadiness. In our experience drawn from over 20 patients, withdrawal from therapeutic doses of a benzodiazepine may be attended by a fully‐developed physical withdrawal syndrome. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1111/j.1360-0443.1981.tb00218.x |
| format | Article |
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Benzodiazepines, the most widely used of all drugs, are powerful anxiolytics, anticonvulsants and muscle relaxants. Dependence is difficult to induce in animals but has been induced by high doses in man. Case reports of benzodiazepine dependence are rare compared with the usage of these drugs, but do not provide a proper epidemiological framework for the estimation of risk. Patients taking these drugs for four months or more may develop a physical withdrawal syndrome, characterized by anxiety, dysphoria, malaise, depersonalization, and by perceptual changes such as hyperacusis and unsteadiness. In our experience drawn from over 20 patients, withdrawal from therapeutic doses of a benzodiazepine may be attended by a fully‐developed physical withdrawal syndrome.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0952-0481</identifier><identifier>ISSN: 0965-2140</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 2056-5178</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1111/j.1360-0443.1981.tb00218.x</identifier><identifier>PMID: 7023521</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Oxford, UK: Blackwell Publishing Ltd</publisher><subject>Animals ; Benzodiazepines - administration & dosage ; Benzodiazepines - adverse effects ; Benzodiazepines - pharmacology ; Chlordiazepoxide - adverse effects ; Diazepam - adverse effects ; Disease Models, Animal ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Drug Tolerance ; Humans ; Rats ; Substance Withdrawal Syndrome - diagnosis ; Substance-Related Disorders - diagnosis ; Substance-Related Disorders - epidemiology</subject><ispartof>British Journal of Addiction, 1981-06, Vol.76 (2), p.133-145</ispartof><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c4353-a2b719b2fd878f9247b9c832a56cf24989b470541b549ea41b80e5f6d2ed9d4e3</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c4353-a2b719b2fd878f9247b9c832a56cf24989b470541b549ea41b80e5f6d2ed9d4e3</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111%2Fj.1360-0443.1981.tb00218.x$$EPDF$$P50$$Gwiley$$H</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111%2Fj.1360-0443.1981.tb00218.x$$EHTML$$P50$$Gwiley$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>314,776,780,1411,27846,27901,27902,45550,45551</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7023521$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Petursson, H.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Lader, M. H.</creatorcontrib><title>Benzodiazepine Dependence</title><title>British Journal of Addiction</title><addtitle>Br J Addict</addtitle><description>Summary
Benzodiazepines, the most widely used of all drugs, are powerful anxiolytics, anticonvulsants and muscle relaxants. Dependence is difficult to induce in animals but has been induced by high doses in man. Case reports of benzodiazepine dependence are rare compared with the usage of these drugs, but do not provide a proper epidemiological framework for the estimation of risk. Patients taking these drugs for four months or more may develop a physical withdrawal syndrome, characterized by anxiety, dysphoria, malaise, depersonalization, and by perceptual changes such as hyperacusis and unsteadiness. In our experience drawn from over 20 patients, withdrawal from therapeutic doses of a benzodiazepine may be attended by a fully‐developed physical withdrawal syndrome.</description><subject>Animals</subject><subject>Benzodiazepines - administration & dosage</subject><subject>Benzodiazepines - adverse effects</subject><subject>Benzodiazepines - pharmacology</subject><subject>Chlordiazepoxide - adverse effects</subject><subject>Diazepam - adverse effects</subject><subject>Disease Models, Animal</subject><subject>Dose-Response Relationship, Drug</subject><subject>Drug Tolerance</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Rats</subject><subject>Substance Withdrawal Syndrome - diagnosis</subject><subject>Substance-Related Disorders - diagnosis</subject><subject>Substance-Related Disorders - epidemiology</subject><issn>0952-0481</issn><issn>0965-2140</issn><issn>2056-5178</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>1981</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><sourceid>K30</sourceid><recordid>eNqVkM1Lw0AQxRdRaq3-AR4E0XPizn5kdz0ItdVWKCpS6XHJxwQS2yQmLbb9601M6N25zOG9eW_4EXID1IV67lIXuEcdKgR3wWhw1wGlDLS7PSJ9RqXnSFD6mPSpkay2aTglZ1WVUgqcCtMjPUUZlwz65PIRs30eJf4eiyTD6zEWmEWYhXhOTmJ_WeFFtwfk8_lpPpo6s7fJy2g4c0LBJXd8FigwAYsjrXRsmFCBCTVnvvTCmAmjTSAUlQICKQz69dYUZexFDCMTCeQDctvmFmX-vcFqbdN8U2Z1pQVmQINnOK9d960rLPOqKjG2RZms_HJngdoGik1tA8U2UGwDxXZQ7LY-vuoqNsEKo8NpR6HWH1r9J1ni7h_Jdjgew993ThuQVGvcHgL88st6iitpF68T-7FQfD59Z3bGfwEApn3a</recordid><startdate>198106</startdate><enddate>198106</enddate><creator>Petursson, H.</creator><creator>Lader, M. 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H.</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c4353-a2b719b2fd878f9247b9c832a56cf24989b470541b549ea41b80e5f6d2ed9d4e3</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>1981</creationdate><topic>Animals</topic><topic>Benzodiazepines - administration & dosage</topic><topic>Benzodiazepines - adverse effects</topic><topic>Benzodiazepines - pharmacology</topic><topic>Chlordiazepoxide - adverse effects</topic><topic>Diazepam - adverse effects</topic><topic>Disease Models, Animal</topic><topic>Dose-Response Relationship, Drug</topic><topic>Drug Tolerance</topic><topic>Humans</topic><topic>Rats</topic><topic>Substance Withdrawal Syndrome - diagnosis</topic><topic>Substance-Related Disorders - diagnosis</topic><topic>Substance-Related Disorders - epidemiology</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Petursson, H.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Lader, M. 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H.</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Benzodiazepine Dependence</atitle><jtitle>British Journal of Addiction</jtitle><addtitle>Br J Addict</addtitle><date>1981-06</date><risdate>1981</risdate><volume>76</volume><issue>2</issue><spage>133</spage><epage>145</epage><pages>133-145</pages><issn>0952-0481</issn><issn>0965-2140</issn><eissn>2056-5178</eissn><abstract>Summary
Benzodiazepines, the most widely used of all drugs, are powerful anxiolytics, anticonvulsants and muscle relaxants. Dependence is difficult to induce in animals but has been induced by high doses in man. Case reports of benzodiazepine dependence are rare compared with the usage of these drugs, but do not provide a proper epidemiological framework for the estimation of risk. Patients taking these drugs for four months or more may develop a physical withdrawal syndrome, characterized by anxiety, dysphoria, malaise, depersonalization, and by perceptual changes such as hyperacusis and unsteadiness. In our experience drawn from over 20 patients, withdrawal from therapeutic doses of a benzodiazepine may be attended by a fully‐developed physical withdrawal syndrome.</abstract><cop>Oxford, UK</cop><pub>Blackwell Publishing Ltd</pub><pmid>7023521</pmid><doi>10.1111/j.1360-0443.1981.tb00218.x</doi><tpages>13</tpages></addata></record> |
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| identifier | ISSN: 0952-0481 |
| ispartof | British Journal of Addiction, 1981-06, Vol.76 (2), p.133-145 |
| issn | 0952-0481 0965-2140 2056-5178 |
| language | eng |
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| source | Wiley-Blackwell Journals; MEDLINE; Periodicals Index Online |
| subjects | Animals Benzodiazepines - administration & dosage Benzodiazepines - adverse effects Benzodiazepines - pharmacology Chlordiazepoxide - adverse effects Diazepam - adverse effects Disease Models, Animal Dose-Response Relationship, Drug Drug Tolerance Humans Rats Substance Withdrawal Syndrome - diagnosis Substance-Related Disorders - diagnosis Substance-Related Disorders - epidemiology |
| title | Benzodiazepine Dependence |
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