The Category-Confound: A Design Error
An experimental design problem, found to be frequent in some of the social psychology literature, occurs when only one sample from a population of possible samples is used to define a category of treatment factors. An example would be using one man and one woman as Es to test the effect of sex of E....
Gespeichert in:
| Veröffentlicht in: | The Journal of social psychology 1977-10, Vol.103 (1), p.57-63 |
|---|---|
| Hauptverfasser: | , |
| Format: | Artikel |
| Sprache: | eng |
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Volltext |
| Tags: |
Tag hinzufügen
Keine Tags, Fügen Sie den ersten Tag hinzu!
|
| container_end_page | 63 |
|---|---|
| container_issue | 1 |
| container_start_page | 57 |
| container_title | The Journal of social psychology |
| container_volume | 103 |
| creator | Kay, Edwin J. Richter, Martin L. |
| description | An experimental design problem, found to be frequent in some of the social psychology literature, occurs when only one sample from a population of possible samples is used to define a category of treatment factors. An example would be using one man and one woman as Es to test the effect of sex of E. This error, called the category-confound, leads to an inability to generalize treatment effects beyond the particular sample chosen, and to an inability to perform the appropriate significance tests. Several examples are discussed in detail, and the frequency of occurrence of this error in two recent journals in social psychology are surveyed. In most cases the category-confound can be dispelled simply by taking an adequately large sample from the population. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1080/00224545.1977.9713296 |
| format | Article |
| fullrecord | <record><control><sourceid>proquest_infor</sourceid><recordid>TN_cdi_proquest_journals_1290628024</recordid><sourceformat>XML</sourceformat><sourcesystem>PC</sourcesystem><sourcerecordid>1290628024</sourcerecordid><originalsourceid>FETCH-LOGICAL-c369t-b03407dfdc634ebbad277fc6716689be2f095b0198eacff63b66b45c7211f0ea3</originalsourceid><addsrcrecordid>eNp9kM9LwzAYhoMoOKd_glAQvXV-Sdqk8eSo8wcMvMxzSNNkdnTNTFpk_70pmxcPfpf38rwvHw9C1xhmGAq4ByAky7N8hgXnM8ExJYKdoAkWGaQYF_QUTUYmHaFzdBHCBuJxgSfodvVpklL1Zu38Pi1dZ93Q1Q_JPHkyoVl3ycJ75y_RmVVtMFfHnKKP58WqfE2X7y9v5XyZaspEn1ZAM-C1rTWjmakqVRPOrWYcM1aIyhALIq8Ai8IobS2jFWNVlmtOMLZgFJ2iu8PuzruvwYRebpugTduqzrghSAYkA8FYBG_-gBs3-C7-JjERwEgRyUjlB0p7F4I3Vu58s1V-LzHIUZ38VSdHdfKoLvYeD70m6vBb9e18W8te7VvnrVedboKk_0_8APlicrw</addsrcrecordid><sourcetype>Aggregation Database</sourcetype><iscdi>true</iscdi><recordtype>article</recordtype><pqid>1290628024</pqid></control><display><type>article</type><title>The Category-Confound: A Design Error</title><source>Sociological Abstracts</source><source>Periodicals Index Online</source><source>EBSCOhost Business Source Complete</source><source>Alma/SFX Local Collection</source><creator>Kay, Edwin J. ; Richter, Martin L.</creator><creatorcontrib>Kay, Edwin J. ; Richter, Martin L.</creatorcontrib><description>An experimental design problem, found to be frequent in some of the social psychology literature, occurs when only one sample from a population of possible samples is used to define a category of treatment factors. An example would be using one man and one woman as Es to test the effect of sex of E. This error, called the category-confound, leads to an inability to generalize treatment effects beyond the particular sample chosen, and to an inability to perform the appropriate significance tests. Several examples are discussed in detail, and the frequency of occurrence of this error in two recent journals in social psychology are surveyed. In most cases the category-confound can be dispelled simply by taking an adequately large sample from the population.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0022-4545</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1940-1183</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1080/00224545.1977.9713296</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Worcester, Mass: Taylor & Francis Group</publisher><subject>Indexing in process</subject><ispartof>The Journal of social psychology, 1977-10, Vol.103 (1), p.57-63</ispartof><rights>Copyright Taylor & Francis Group, LLC 1977</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c369t-b03407dfdc634ebbad277fc6716689be2f095b0198eacff63b66b45c7211f0ea3</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c369t-b03407dfdc634ebbad277fc6716689be2f095b0198eacff63b66b45c7211f0ea3</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><link.rule.ids>314,780,784,27869,27924,27925,33775</link.rule.ids></links><search><creatorcontrib>Kay, Edwin J.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Richter, Martin L.</creatorcontrib><title>The Category-Confound: A Design Error</title><title>The Journal of social psychology</title><description>An experimental design problem, found to be frequent in some of the social psychology literature, occurs when only one sample from a population of possible samples is used to define a category of treatment factors. An example would be using one man and one woman as Es to test the effect of sex of E. This error, called the category-confound, leads to an inability to generalize treatment effects beyond the particular sample chosen, and to an inability to perform the appropriate significance tests. Several examples are discussed in detail, and the frequency of occurrence of this error in two recent journals in social psychology are surveyed. In most cases the category-confound can be dispelled simply by taking an adequately large sample from the population.</description><subject>Indexing in process</subject><issn>0022-4545</issn><issn>1940-1183</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>1977</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>0R3</sourceid><sourceid>ACFII</sourceid><sourceid>HYQOX</sourceid><sourceid>K30</sourceid><sourceid>~OC</sourceid><sourceid>~PJ</sourceid><sourceid>BHHNA</sourceid><recordid>eNp9kM9LwzAYhoMoOKd_glAQvXV-Sdqk8eSo8wcMvMxzSNNkdnTNTFpk_70pmxcPfpf38rwvHw9C1xhmGAq4ByAky7N8hgXnM8ExJYKdoAkWGaQYF_QUTUYmHaFzdBHCBuJxgSfodvVpklL1Zu38Pi1dZ93Q1Q_JPHkyoVl3ycJ75y_RmVVtMFfHnKKP58WqfE2X7y9v5XyZaspEn1ZAM-C1rTWjmakqVRPOrWYcM1aIyhALIq8Ai8IobS2jFWNVlmtOMLZgFJ2iu8PuzruvwYRebpugTduqzrghSAYkA8FYBG_-gBs3-C7-JjERwEgRyUjlB0p7F4I3Vu58s1V-LzHIUZ38VSdHdfKoLvYeD70m6vBb9e18W8te7VvnrVedboKk_0_8APlicrw</recordid><startdate>19771001</startdate><enddate>19771001</enddate><creator>Kay, Edwin J.</creator><creator>Richter, Martin L.</creator><general>Taylor & Francis Group</general><general>Clark University Press</general><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>0R3</scope><scope>ACFII</scope><scope>ANHVI</scope><scope>EOLOZ</scope><scope>FUVTR</scope><scope>HYQOX</scope><scope>IBDFT</scope><scope>JRZRW</scope><scope>K30</scope><scope>PAAUG</scope><scope>PAWHS</scope><scope>PAWZZ</scope><scope>PAXOH</scope><scope>PBHAV</scope><scope>PBQSW</scope><scope>PBYQZ</scope><scope>PCIWU</scope><scope>PCMID</scope><scope>PCZJX</scope><scope>PDGRG</scope><scope>PDWWI</scope><scope>PETMR</scope><scope>PFVGT</scope><scope>PGXDX</scope><scope>PIHIL</scope><scope>PISVA</scope><scope>PJCTQ</scope><scope>PJTMS</scope><scope>PLCHJ</scope><scope>PMHAD</scope><scope>PNQDJ</scope><scope>POUND</scope><scope>PPLAD</scope><scope>PQAPC</scope><scope>PQCAN</scope><scope>PQCMW</scope><scope>PQEME</scope><scope>PQHKH</scope><scope>PQMID</scope><scope>PQNCT</scope><scope>PQNET</scope><scope>PQSCT</scope><scope>PQSET</scope><scope>PSVJG</scope><scope>PVMQY</scope><scope>PZGFC</scope><scope>~OB</scope><scope>~OC</scope><scope>~OG</scope><scope>~PJ</scope><scope>~PM</scope><scope>~PN</scope><scope>7U4</scope><scope>BHHNA</scope><scope>DWI</scope><scope>WZK</scope></search><sort><creationdate>19771001</creationdate><title>The Category-Confound: A Design Error</title><author>Kay, Edwin J. ; Richter, Martin L.</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c369t-b03407dfdc634ebbad277fc6716689be2f095b0198eacff63b66b45c7211f0ea3</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>1977</creationdate><topic>Indexing in process</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Kay, Edwin J.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Richter, Martin L.</creatorcontrib><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>Periodicals Archive Online Collection 1.2</collection><collection>Periodicals Archive Online Foundation Collection 1 (2022)</collection><collection>Periodicals Archive Online Liberal Arts Collection 1 (2022)</collection><collection>Periodicals Index Online Segment 01</collection><collection>Periodicals Index Online Segment 06</collection><collection>ProQuest Historical Periodicals</collection><collection>Periodicals Index Online Segment 27</collection><collection>Periodicals Index Online Segment 35</collection><collection>Periodicals Index Online</collection><collection>Primary Sources Access—Foundation Edition (Plan E) - West</collection><collection>Primary Sources Access (Plan D) - International</collection><collection>Primary Sources Access & Build (Plan A) - MEA</collection><collection>Primary Sources Access—Foundation Edition (Plan E) - Midwest</collection><collection>Primary Sources Access—Foundation Edition (Plan E) - Northeast</collection><collection>Primary Sources Access (Plan D) - Southeast</collection><collection>Primary Sources Access (Plan D) - North Central</collection><collection>Primary Sources Access—Foundation Edition (Plan E) - Southeast</collection><collection>Primary Sources Access (Plan D) - South Central</collection><collection>Primary Sources Access & Build (Plan A) - UK / I</collection><collection>Primary Sources Access (Plan D) - Canada</collection><collection>Primary Sources Access (Plan D) - EMEALA</collection><collection>Primary Sources Access—Foundation Edition (Plan E) - North Central</collection><collection>Primary Sources Access—Foundation Edition (Plan E) - South Central</collection><collection>Primary Sources Access & Build (Plan A) - International</collection><collection>Primary Sources Access—Foundation Edition (Plan E) - International</collection><collection>Primary Sources Access (Plan D) - West</collection><collection>Periodicals Index Online Segments 1-50</collection><collection>Primary Sources Access (Plan D) - APAC</collection><collection>Primary Sources Access (Plan D) - Midwest</collection><collection>Primary Sources Access (Plan D) - MEA</collection><collection>Primary Sources Access—Foundation Edition (Plan E) - Canada</collection><collection>Primary Sources Access—Foundation Edition (Plan E) - UK / I</collection><collection>Primary Sources Access—Foundation Edition (Plan E) - EMEALA</collection><collection>Primary Sources Access & Build (Plan A) - APAC</collection><collection>Primary Sources Access & Build (Plan A) - Canada</collection><collection>Primary Sources Access & Build (Plan A) - West</collection><collection>Primary Sources Access & Build (Plan A) - EMEALA</collection><collection>Primary Sources Access (Plan D) - Northeast</collection><collection>Primary Sources Access & Build (Plan A) - Midwest</collection><collection>Primary Sources Access & Build (Plan A) - North Central</collection><collection>Primary Sources Access & Build (Plan A) - Northeast</collection><collection>Primary Sources Access & Build (Plan A) - South Central</collection><collection>Primary Sources Access & Build (Plan A) - Southeast</collection><collection>Primary Sources Access (Plan D) - UK / I</collection><collection>Primary Sources Access—Foundation Edition (Plan E) - APAC</collection><collection>Primary Sources Access—Foundation Edition (Plan E) - MEA</collection><collection>PAO Collection 1</collection><collection>Periodicals Archive Online Collection 1</collection><collection>PAO Collection 1 (purchase pre Feb/2008)</collection><collection>Periodicals Archive Online Foundation Collection</collection><collection>Periodicals Archive Online JISC Collection</collection><collection>Periodicals Archive Online Liberal Arts Collection 1</collection><collection>Sociological Abstracts (pre-2017)</collection><collection>Sociological Abstracts</collection><collection>Sociological Abstracts</collection><collection>Sociological Abstracts (Ovid)</collection><jtitle>The Journal of social psychology</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Kay, Edwin J.</au><au>Richter, Martin L.</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>The Category-Confound: A Design Error</atitle><jtitle>The Journal of social psychology</jtitle><date>1977-10-01</date><risdate>1977</risdate><volume>103</volume><issue>1</issue><spage>57</spage><epage>63</epage><pages>57-63</pages><issn>0022-4545</issn><eissn>1940-1183</eissn><abstract>An experimental design problem, found to be frequent in some of the social psychology literature, occurs when only one sample from a population of possible samples is used to define a category of treatment factors. An example would be using one man and one woman as Es to test the effect of sex of E. This error, called the category-confound, leads to an inability to generalize treatment effects beyond the particular sample chosen, and to an inability to perform the appropriate significance tests. Several examples are discussed in detail, and the frequency of occurrence of this error in two recent journals in social psychology are surveyed. In most cases the category-confound can be dispelled simply by taking an adequately large sample from the population.</abstract><cop>Worcester, Mass</cop><pub>Taylor & Francis Group</pub><doi>10.1080/00224545.1977.9713296</doi><tpages>7</tpages></addata></record> |
| fulltext | fulltext |
| identifier | ISSN: 0022-4545 |
| ispartof | The Journal of social psychology, 1977-10, Vol.103 (1), p.57-63 |
| issn | 0022-4545 1940-1183 |
| language | eng |
| recordid | cdi_proquest_journals_1290628024 |
| source | Sociological Abstracts; Periodicals Index Online; EBSCOhost Business Source Complete; Alma/SFX Local Collection |
| subjects | Indexing in process |
| title | The Category-Confound: A Design Error |
| url | https://sfx.bib-bvb.de/sfx_tum?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&ctx_tim=2024-12-22T21%3A20%3A55IST&url_ver=Z39.88-2004&url_ctx_fmt=infofi/fmt:kev:mtx:ctx&rfr_id=info:sid/primo.exlibrisgroup.com:primo3-Article-proquest_infor&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=The%20Category-Confound:%20A%20Design%20Error&rft.jtitle=The%20Journal%20of%20social%20psychology&rft.au=Kay,%20Edwin%20J.&rft.date=1977-10-01&rft.volume=103&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=57&rft.epage=63&rft.pages=57-63&rft.issn=0022-4545&rft.eissn=1940-1183&rft_id=info:doi/10.1080/00224545.1977.9713296&rft_dat=%3Cproquest_infor%3E1290628024%3C/proquest_infor%3E%3Curl%3E%3C/url%3E&disable_directlink=true&sfx.directlink=off&sfx.report_link=0&rft_id=info:oai/&rft_pqid=1290628024&rft_id=info:pmid/&rfr_iscdi=true |