Mental Rotation of Representations of Two-Dimensional and Three-Dimensional Objects
Empirical and theoretical considerations suggest that representations of three-dimensional objects should be more difficult to rotate mentally than representations of two-dimensional objects. In this study, subjects were asked to make mirror-normal decisions with stimuli that differed in perceived d...
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creator | Jolicœur, Pierre Regehr, Sonya Smith, Lyndon B.J.P Smith, Garth N |
description | Empirical and theoretical considerations suggest that representations of
three-dimensional objects should be more difficult to rotate mentally than
representations of two-dimensional objects. In this study, subjects were
asked to make mirror-normal decisions with stimuli that differed in
perceived dimensionality and in angle of rotation in the image plane. In a
series of four experiments, the time to make mirror-normal decisions
increased with increased orientation discrepancy between the stimuli, as
found previously in the literature. In every experiment, however, response
times were smaller for representations of two-dimensional shapes than for
representations of three-dimensional shapes when the stimuli being compared
were presented with a large angular discrepancy. Whereas response times
increased linearly with orientation when representations of
three-dimensional shapes were rotated, the increase in response time for
representations of two-dimensional shapes was generally nonlinear. Overall,
the evidence suggests that representations of three-dimensional shapes are
mentally rotated at the same rate as representations of two-dimensional
shapes for angles of rotation between 0° and 60°. For
larger angles of rotation, however, the rate of mental rotation is greater
for representations of two-dimensional shapes than for representations of
three-dimensional shapes.
Diverses considérations empiriques et théoriques
laissent supposer qu'il doit être plus difficile de faire
mentalement la rotation d'objets tridimensionnels que celle d'objets
bidimensionnels. Dans cette étude, les sujets doivent faire le
choix, image miroir-image normale, dans le cas de stimuli qui different
quant aux dimensions perçues et à Tangle de rotation
dans le plan de l'image. Dans une série de quatre
expériences, le temps requis pour prendre la décision
s'accroît avec l'augmentation des différences
d'orientation entre les stimuli. Ceci concorde avec ce que l'on retrouve
dans les écrits antérieurs sur le sujet. Dans chaque
expérience, cependant, les temps de latence sont plus courts pour
des represéntations de formes bidimensionnelles que
tridimensionnelles lorsque les stimuli comparés sont
présentés avec une grande différence angulaire.
Alors que dans le cas des rotations de formes tridimensionnelles le temps
de latence varie de façon linéaire en fonction de
l'orientation, dans le cas de formes bidimensionnelles, cette variation
n'est généralement pas linéaire. Les
résultats montrent q |
doi_str_mv | 10.1037/h0080118 |
format | Article |
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three-dimensional objects should be more difficult to rotate mentally than
representations of two-dimensional objects. In this study, subjects were
asked to make mirror-normal decisions with stimuli that differed in
perceived dimensionality and in angle of rotation in the image plane. In a
series of four experiments, the time to make mirror-normal decisions
increased with increased orientation discrepancy between the stimuli, as
found previously in the literature. In every experiment, however, response
times were smaller for representations of two-dimensional shapes than for
representations of three-dimensional shapes when the stimuli being compared
were presented with a large angular discrepancy. Whereas response times
increased linearly with orientation when representations of
three-dimensional shapes were rotated, the increase in response time for
representations of two-dimensional shapes was generally nonlinear. Overall,
the evidence suggests that representations of three-dimensional shapes are
mentally rotated at the same rate as representations of two-dimensional
shapes for angles of rotation between 0° and 60°. For
larger angles of rotation, however, the rate of mental rotation is greater
for representations of two-dimensional shapes than for representations of
three-dimensional shapes.
Diverses considérations empiriques et théoriques
laissent supposer qu'il doit être plus difficile de faire
mentalement la rotation d'objets tridimensionnels que celle d'objets
bidimensionnels. Dans cette étude, les sujets doivent faire le
choix, image miroir-image normale, dans le cas de stimuli qui different
quant aux dimensions perçues et à Tangle de rotation
dans le plan de l'image. Dans une série de quatre
expériences, le temps requis pour prendre la décision
s'accroît avec l'augmentation des différences
d'orientation entre les stimuli. Ceci concorde avec ce que l'on retrouve
dans les écrits antérieurs sur le sujet. Dans chaque
expérience, cependant, les temps de latence sont plus courts pour
des represéntations de formes bidimensionnelles que
tridimensionnelles lorsque les stimuli comparés sont
présentés avec une grande différence angulaire.
Alors que dans le cas des rotations de formes tridimensionnelles le temps
de latence varie de façon linéaire en fonction de
l'orientation, dans le cas de formes bidimensionnelles, cette variation
n'est généralement pas linéaire. Les
résultats montrent que pour des angles entre 0° et
60°, la rotation mentale de reprèsentation de formes
tridimensionnelles se fait au même rythme que celle des
représentations de formes bidimensionnelles. Pour les angles plus
grands, cependant, le rythme de rotation est plus rapide dans le cas des
représentations de formes bidimensionnelles que dans celui de
formes tridimensionelles.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0008-4255</identifier><identifier>ISSN: 1196-1961</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1878-7290</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1037/h0080118</identifier><identifier>CODEN: CJPSAC</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Toronto, ON: Canadian Psychological Association</publisher><subject>Biological and medical sciences ; Cognition. Intelligence ; Form and Shape Perception ; Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology ; Human ; Mental Rotation ; Psychology. Psychoanalysis. Psychiatry ; Psychology. Psychophysiology ; Reaction Time ; Spatial perception. Time perception</subject><ispartof>Canadian Journal of Psychology, 1985-03, Vol.39 (1), p.100-129</ispartof><rights>1985 Canadian Psychological Association and K.G. Campell Corporation</rights><rights>1985 Canadian Psychological Association</rights><rights>1986 INIST-CNRS</rights><rights>1985, Canadian Psychological Association and K.G. Campell Corporation</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-a2216-4736effe09ac6510e8159f1f254b03daf57126a1a4d1eed512d58f687dd0357a3</citedby></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><link.rule.ids>314,780,784,27869,27924,27925</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttp://pascal-francis.inist.fr/vibad/index.php?action=getRecordDetail&idt=8440854$$DView record in Pascal Francis$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><contributor>Bryden, M. P</contributor><creatorcontrib>Jolicœur, Pierre</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Regehr, Sonya</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Smith, Lyndon B.J.P</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Smith, Garth N</creatorcontrib><title>Mental Rotation of Representations of Two-Dimensional and Three-Dimensional Objects</title><title>Canadian Journal of Psychology</title><description>Empirical and theoretical considerations suggest that representations of
three-dimensional objects should be more difficult to rotate mentally than
representations of two-dimensional objects. In this study, subjects were
asked to make mirror-normal decisions with stimuli that differed in
perceived dimensionality and in angle of rotation in the image plane. In a
series of four experiments, the time to make mirror-normal decisions
increased with increased orientation discrepancy between the stimuli, as
found previously in the literature. In every experiment, however, response
times were smaller for representations of two-dimensional shapes than for
representations of three-dimensional shapes when the stimuli being compared
were presented with a large angular discrepancy. Whereas response times
increased linearly with orientation when representations of
three-dimensional shapes were rotated, the increase in response time for
representations of two-dimensional shapes was generally nonlinear. Overall,
the evidence suggests that representations of three-dimensional shapes are
mentally rotated at the same rate as representations of two-dimensional
shapes for angles of rotation between 0° and 60°. For
larger angles of rotation, however, the rate of mental rotation is greater
for representations of two-dimensional shapes than for representations of
three-dimensional shapes.
Diverses considérations empiriques et théoriques
laissent supposer qu'il doit être plus difficile de faire
mentalement la rotation d'objets tridimensionnels que celle d'objets
bidimensionnels. Dans cette étude, les sujets doivent faire le
choix, image miroir-image normale, dans le cas de stimuli qui different
quant aux dimensions perçues et à Tangle de rotation
dans le plan de l'image. Dans une série de quatre
expériences, le temps requis pour prendre la décision
s'accroît avec l'augmentation des différences
d'orientation entre les stimuli. Ceci concorde avec ce que l'on retrouve
dans les écrits antérieurs sur le sujet. Dans chaque
expérience, cependant, les temps de latence sont plus courts pour
des represéntations de formes bidimensionnelles que
tridimensionnelles lorsque les stimuli comparés sont
présentés avec une grande différence angulaire.
Alors que dans le cas des rotations de formes tridimensionnelles le temps
de latence varie de façon linéaire en fonction de
l'orientation, dans le cas de formes bidimensionnelles, cette variation
n'est généralement pas linéaire. Les
résultats montrent que pour des angles entre 0° et
60°, la rotation mentale de reprèsentation de formes
tridimensionnelles se fait au même rythme que celle des
représentations de formes bidimensionnelles. Pour les angles plus
grands, cependant, le rythme de rotation est plus rapide dans le cas des
représentations de formes bidimensionnelles que dans celui de
formes tridimensionelles.</description><subject>Biological and medical sciences</subject><subject>Cognition. Intelligence</subject><subject>Form and Shape Perception</subject><subject>Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology</subject><subject>Human</subject><subject>Mental Rotation</subject><subject>Psychology. Psychoanalysis. Psychiatry</subject><subject>Psychology. Psychophysiology</subject><subject>Reaction Time</subject><subject>Spatial perception. Time perception</subject><issn>0008-4255</issn><issn>1196-1961</issn><issn>1878-7290</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>1985</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>HYQOX</sourceid><sourceid>K30</sourceid><recordid>eNp10FFLHDEUhuEgFdxqoT9h0V4UZOw5mWSSuRStrbBFsNvrcDZzws6yOzMmsxT_vVlWLRa8Crw8fIQjxGeEC4TSfFsCWEC0B2KC1tjCyBo-iAnkXCip9ZH4mNIKQEpdmYn4_Yu7kdbT-36kse27aR-m9zxETru-K2mX5n_74rrdcJdyyZy6ZjpfRuY39W6xYj-mE3EYaJ340_N7LP7cfJ9f_Sxmdz9ury5nBUmJVaFMWXEIDDX5SiOwRV0HDFKrBZQNBW1QVoSkGmRuNMpG21BZ0zRQakPlsTjd7w6xf9hyGt2q38b8keQqVMqAlVVGZ-8hlLauba1Kk9XXvfKxTylycENsNxQfHYLb3dW93DXTL8-DlDytQ6TOt-nVW6XAapXZ-Z7RQG5Ij57i2Po1J7-NMd_WeR5cWTvM8_Bv9H_9lj0BntKRXw</recordid><startdate>19850301</startdate><enddate>19850301</enddate><creator>Jolicœur, Pierre</creator><creator>Regehr, Sonya</creator><creator>Smith, Lyndon B.J.P</creator><creator>Smith, Garth N</creator><general>Canadian Psychological Association</general><general>University of Toronto Press</general><scope>IQODW</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>ADABO</scope><scope>BEAJS</scope><scope>EOLOZ</scope><scope>FKUCP</scope><scope>HYQOX</scope><scope>ICWRT</scope><scope>K30</scope><scope>PAAUG</scope><scope>PAWHS</scope><scope>PAWZZ</scope><scope>PAXOH</scope><scope>PBHAV</scope><scope>PBQSW</scope><scope>PBYQZ</scope><scope>PCIWU</scope><scope>PCMID</scope><scope>PCZJX</scope><scope>PDGRG</scope><scope>PDPSG</scope><scope>PDWWI</scope><scope>PETMR</scope><scope>PEXHY</scope><scope>PFVGT</scope><scope>PGXDX</scope><scope>PIHIL</scope><scope>PISVA</scope><scope>PJCTQ</scope><scope>PJTMS</scope><scope>PLCHJ</scope><scope>PMHAD</scope><scope>PNQDJ</scope><scope>POUND</scope><scope>PPLAD</scope><scope>PQAPC</scope><scope>PQCAN</scope><scope>PQCMW</scope><scope>PQEME</scope><scope>PQHKH</scope><scope>PQMID</scope><scope>PQNCT</scope><scope>PQNET</scope><scope>PQSCT</scope><scope>PQSET</scope><scope>PSVJG</scope><scope>PVMQY</scope><scope>PZGFC</scope><scope>RYJCC</scope><scope>~P9</scope><scope>7RZ</scope><scope>PSYQQ</scope></search><sort><creationdate>19850301</creationdate><title>Mental Rotation of Representations of Two-Dimensional and Three-Dimensional Objects</title><author>Jolicœur, Pierre ; Regehr, Sonya ; Smith, Lyndon B.J.P ; Smith, Garth N</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-a2216-4736effe09ac6510e8159f1f254b03daf57126a1a4d1eed512d58f687dd0357a3</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>1985</creationdate><topic>Biological and medical sciences</topic><topic>Cognition. Intelligence</topic><topic>Form and Shape Perception</topic><topic>Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology</topic><topic>Human</topic><topic>Mental Rotation</topic><topic>Psychology. Psychoanalysis. Psychiatry</topic><topic>Psychology. Psychophysiology</topic><topic>Reaction Time</topic><topic>Spatial perception. Time perception</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Jolicœur, Pierre</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Regehr, Sonya</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Smith, Lyndon B.J.P</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Smith, Garth N</creatorcontrib><collection>Pascal-Francis</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>Periodicals Archive Online Foundation Collection 3 (2022)</collection><collection>Periodicals Archive Online Foundation Collection 3</collection><collection>Periodicals Index Online Segment 01</collection><collection>Periodicals Index Online Segment 04</collection><collection>ProQuest Historical Periodicals</collection><collection>Periodicals Index Online Segment 28</collection><collection>Periodicals Index Online</collection><collection>Primary Sources Access—Foundation Edition (Plan E) - West</collection><collection>Primary Sources Access (Plan D) - International</collection><collection>Primary Sources Access & Build (Plan A) - MEA</collection><collection>Primary Sources Access—Foundation Edition (Plan E) - Midwest</collection><collection>Primary Sources Access—Foundation Edition (Plan E) - Northeast</collection><collection>Primary Sources Access (Plan D) - Southeast</collection><collection>Primary Sources Access (Plan D) - North Central</collection><collection>Primary Sources Access—Foundation Edition (Plan E) - Southeast</collection><collection>Primary Sources Access (Plan D) - South Central</collection><collection>Primary Sources Access & Build (Plan A) - UK / I</collection><collection>Primary Sources Access (Plan D) - Canada</collection><collection>Periodicals Archive Online Collection 9.2</collection><collection>Primary Sources Access (Plan D) - EMEALA</collection><collection>Primary Sources Access—Foundation Edition (Plan E) - North Central</collection><collection>Periodicals Archive Online Foundation Collection 3.2</collection><collection>Primary Sources Access—Foundation Edition (Plan E) - South Central</collection><collection>Primary Sources Access & Build (Plan A) - International</collection><collection>Primary Sources Access—Foundation Edition (Plan E) - International</collection><collection>Primary Sources Access (Plan D) - West</collection><collection>Periodicals Index Online Segments 1-50</collection><collection>Primary Sources Access (Plan D) - APAC</collection><collection>Primary Sources Access (Plan D) - Midwest</collection><collection>Primary Sources Access (Plan D) - MEA</collection><collection>Primary Sources Access—Foundation Edition (Plan E) - Canada</collection><collection>Primary Sources Access—Foundation Edition (Plan E) - UK / I</collection><collection>Primary Sources Access—Foundation Edition (Plan E) - EMEALA</collection><collection>Primary Sources Access & Build (Plan A) - APAC</collection><collection>Primary Sources Access & Build (Plan A) - Canada</collection><collection>Primary Sources Access & Build (Plan A) - West</collection><collection>Primary Sources Access & Build (Plan A) - EMEALA</collection><collection>Primary Sources Access (Plan D) - Northeast</collection><collection>Primary Sources Access & Build (Plan A) - Midwest</collection><collection>Primary Sources Access & Build (Plan A) - North Central</collection><collection>Primary Sources Access & Build (Plan A) - Northeast</collection><collection>Primary Sources Access & Build (Plan A) - South Central</collection><collection>Primary Sources Access & Build (Plan A) - Southeast</collection><collection>Primary Sources Access (Plan D) - UK / I</collection><collection>Primary Sources Access—Foundation Edition (Plan E) - APAC</collection><collection>Primary Sources Access—Foundation Edition (Plan E) - MEA</collection><collection>Periodicals Index Online Segment 41</collection><collection>Periodicals Archive Online Collection 9</collection><collection>Access via APA PsycArticles® (ProQuest)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Psychology</collection><jtitle>Canadian Journal of Psychology</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Jolicœur, Pierre</au><au>Regehr, Sonya</au><au>Smith, Lyndon B.J.P</au><au>Smith, Garth N</au><au>Bryden, M. P</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Mental Rotation of Representations of Two-Dimensional and Three-Dimensional Objects</atitle><jtitle>Canadian Journal of Psychology</jtitle><date>1985-03-01</date><risdate>1985</risdate><volume>39</volume><issue>1</issue><spage>100</spage><epage>129</epage><pages>100-129</pages><issn>0008-4255</issn><issn>1196-1961</issn><eissn>1878-7290</eissn><coden>CJPSAC</coden><abstract>Empirical and theoretical considerations suggest that representations of
three-dimensional objects should be more difficult to rotate mentally than
representations of two-dimensional objects. In this study, subjects were
asked to make mirror-normal decisions with stimuli that differed in
perceived dimensionality and in angle of rotation in the image plane. In a
series of four experiments, the time to make mirror-normal decisions
increased with increased orientation discrepancy between the stimuli, as
found previously in the literature. In every experiment, however, response
times were smaller for representations of two-dimensional shapes than for
representations of three-dimensional shapes when the stimuli being compared
were presented with a large angular discrepancy. Whereas response times
increased linearly with orientation when representations of
three-dimensional shapes were rotated, the increase in response time for
representations of two-dimensional shapes was generally nonlinear. Overall,
the evidence suggests that representations of three-dimensional shapes are
mentally rotated at the same rate as representations of two-dimensional
shapes for angles of rotation between 0° and 60°. For
larger angles of rotation, however, the rate of mental rotation is greater
for representations of two-dimensional shapes than for representations of
three-dimensional shapes.
Diverses considérations empiriques et théoriques
laissent supposer qu'il doit être plus difficile de faire
mentalement la rotation d'objets tridimensionnels que celle d'objets
bidimensionnels. Dans cette étude, les sujets doivent faire le
choix, image miroir-image normale, dans le cas de stimuli qui different
quant aux dimensions perçues et à Tangle de rotation
dans le plan de l'image. Dans une série de quatre
expériences, le temps requis pour prendre la décision
s'accroît avec l'augmentation des différences
d'orientation entre les stimuli. Ceci concorde avec ce que l'on retrouve
dans les écrits antérieurs sur le sujet. Dans chaque
expérience, cependant, les temps de latence sont plus courts pour
des represéntations de formes bidimensionnelles que
tridimensionnelles lorsque les stimuli comparés sont
présentés avec une grande différence angulaire.
Alors que dans le cas des rotations de formes tridimensionnelles le temps
de latence varie de façon linéaire en fonction de
l'orientation, dans le cas de formes bidimensionnelles, cette variation
n'est généralement pas linéaire. Les
résultats montrent que pour des angles entre 0° et
60°, la rotation mentale de reprèsentation de formes
tridimensionnelles se fait au même rythme que celle des
représentations de formes bidimensionnelles. Pour les angles plus
grands, cependant, le rythme de rotation est plus rapide dans le cas des
représentations de formes bidimensionnelles que dans celui de
formes tridimensionelles.</abstract><cop>Toronto, ON</cop><pub>Canadian Psychological Association</pub><doi>10.1037/h0080118</doi><tpages>30</tpages></addata></record> |
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subjects | Biological and medical sciences Cognition. Intelligence Form and Shape Perception Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology Human Mental Rotation Psychology. Psychoanalysis. Psychiatry Psychology. Psychophysiology Reaction Time Spatial perception. Time perception |
title | Mental Rotation of Representations of Two-Dimensional and Three-Dimensional Objects |
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