Mental Rotation of Representations of Two-Dimensional and Three-Dimensional Objects

Empirical and theoretical considerations suggest that representations of three-dimensional objects should be more difficult to rotate mentally than representations of two-dimensional objects. In this study, subjects were asked to make mirror-normal decisions with stimuli that differed in perceived d...

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Veröffentlicht in:Canadian Journal of Psychology 1985-03, Vol.39 (1), p.100-129
Hauptverfasser: Jolicœur, Pierre, Regehr, Sonya, Smith, Lyndon B.J.P, Smith, Garth N
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container_title Canadian Journal of Psychology
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creator Jolicœur, Pierre
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Smith, Garth N
description Empirical and theoretical considerations suggest that representations of three-dimensional objects should be more difficult to rotate mentally than representations of two-dimensional objects. In this study, subjects were asked to make mirror-normal decisions with stimuli that differed in perceived dimensionality and in angle of rotation in the image plane. In a series of four experiments, the time to make mirror-normal decisions increased with increased orientation discrepancy between the stimuli, as found previously in the literature. In every experiment, however, response times were smaller for representations of two-dimensional shapes than for representations of three-dimensional shapes when the stimuli being compared were presented with a large angular discrepancy. Whereas response times increased linearly with orientation when representations of three-dimensional shapes were rotated, the increase in response time for representations of two-dimensional shapes was generally nonlinear. Overall, the evidence suggests that representations of three-dimensional shapes are mentally rotated at the same rate as representations of two-dimensional shapes for angles of rotation between 0° and 60°. For larger angles of rotation, however, the rate of mental rotation is greater for representations of two-dimensional shapes than for representations of three-dimensional shapes. Diverses considérations empiriques et théoriques laissent supposer qu'il doit être plus difficile de faire mentalement la rotation d'objets tridimensionnels que celle d'objets bidimensionnels. Dans cette étude, les sujets doivent faire le choix, image miroir-image normale, dans le cas de stimuli qui different quant aux dimensions perçues et à Tangle de rotation dans le plan de l'image. Dans une série de quatre expériences, le temps requis pour prendre la décision s'accroît avec l'augmentation des différences d'orientation entre les stimuli. Ceci concorde avec ce que l'on retrouve dans les écrits antérieurs sur le sujet. Dans chaque expérience, cependant, les temps de latence sont plus courts pour des represéntations de formes bidimensionnelles que tridimensionnelles lorsque les stimuli comparés sont présentés avec une grande différence angulaire. Alors que dans le cas des rotations de formes tridimensionnelles le temps de latence varie de façon linéaire en fonction de l'orientation, dans le cas de formes bidimensionnelles, cette variation n'est généralement pas linéaire. Les résultats montrent q
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P</contributor><creatorcontrib>Jolicœur, Pierre ; Regehr, Sonya ; Smith, Lyndon B.J.P ; Smith, Garth N ; Bryden, M. P</creatorcontrib><description>Empirical and theoretical considerations suggest that representations of three-dimensional objects should be more difficult to rotate mentally than representations of two-dimensional objects. In this study, subjects were asked to make mirror-normal decisions with stimuli that differed in perceived dimensionality and in angle of rotation in the image plane. In a series of four experiments, the time to make mirror-normal decisions increased with increased orientation discrepancy between the stimuli, as found previously in the literature. In every experiment, however, response times were smaller for representations of two-dimensional shapes than for representations of three-dimensional shapes when the stimuli being compared were presented with a large angular discrepancy. Whereas response times increased linearly with orientation when representations of three-dimensional shapes were rotated, the increase in response time for representations of two-dimensional shapes was generally nonlinear. Overall, the evidence suggests that representations of three-dimensional shapes are mentally rotated at the same rate as representations of two-dimensional shapes for angles of rotation between 0° and 60°. For larger angles of rotation, however, the rate of mental rotation is greater for representations of two-dimensional shapes than for representations of three-dimensional shapes. Diverses considérations empiriques et théoriques laissent supposer qu'il doit être plus difficile de faire mentalement la rotation d'objets tridimensionnels que celle d'objets bidimensionnels. Dans cette étude, les sujets doivent faire le choix, image miroir-image normale, dans le cas de stimuli qui different quant aux dimensions perçues et à Tangle de rotation dans le plan de l'image. Dans une série de quatre expériences, le temps requis pour prendre la décision s'accroît avec l'augmentation des différences d'orientation entre les stimuli. Ceci concorde avec ce que l'on retrouve dans les écrits antérieurs sur le sujet. Dans chaque expérience, cependant, les temps de latence sont plus courts pour des represéntations de formes bidimensionnelles que tridimensionnelles lorsque les stimuli comparés sont présentés avec une grande différence angulaire. Alors que dans le cas des rotations de formes tridimensionnelles le temps de latence varie de façon linéaire en fonction de l'orientation, dans le cas de formes bidimensionnelles, cette variation n'est généralement pas linéaire. Les résultats montrent que pour des angles entre 0° et 60°, la rotation mentale de reprèsentation de formes tridimensionnelles se fait au même rythme que celle des représentations de formes bidimensionnelles. 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P</contributor><creatorcontrib>Jolicœur, Pierre</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Regehr, Sonya</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Smith, Lyndon B.J.P</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Smith, Garth N</creatorcontrib><title>Mental Rotation of Representations of Two-Dimensional and Three-Dimensional Objects</title><title>Canadian Journal of Psychology</title><description>Empirical and theoretical considerations suggest that representations of three-dimensional objects should be more difficult to rotate mentally than representations of two-dimensional objects. In this study, subjects were asked to make mirror-normal decisions with stimuli that differed in perceived dimensionality and in angle of rotation in the image plane. In a series of four experiments, the time to make mirror-normal decisions increased with increased orientation discrepancy between the stimuli, as found previously in the literature. 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P</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Mental Rotation of Representations of Two-Dimensional and Three-Dimensional Objects</atitle><jtitle>Canadian Journal of Psychology</jtitle><date>1985-03-01</date><risdate>1985</risdate><volume>39</volume><issue>1</issue><spage>100</spage><epage>129</epage><pages>100-129</pages><issn>0008-4255</issn><issn>1196-1961</issn><eissn>1878-7290</eissn><coden>CJPSAC</coden><abstract>Empirical and theoretical considerations suggest that representations of three-dimensional objects should be more difficult to rotate mentally than representations of two-dimensional objects. In this study, subjects were asked to make mirror-normal decisions with stimuli that differed in perceived dimensionality and in angle of rotation in the image plane. In a series of four experiments, the time to make mirror-normal decisions increased with increased orientation discrepancy between the stimuli, as found previously in the literature. In every experiment, however, response times were smaller for representations of two-dimensional shapes than for representations of three-dimensional shapes when the stimuli being compared were presented with a large angular discrepancy. Whereas response times increased linearly with orientation when representations of three-dimensional shapes were rotated, the increase in response time for representations of two-dimensional shapes was generally nonlinear. Overall, the evidence suggests that representations of three-dimensional shapes are mentally rotated at the same rate as representations of two-dimensional shapes for angles of rotation between 0° and 60°. For larger angles of rotation, however, the rate of mental rotation is greater for representations of two-dimensional shapes than for representations of three-dimensional shapes. Diverses considérations empiriques et théoriques laissent supposer qu'il doit être plus difficile de faire mentalement la rotation d'objets tridimensionnels que celle d'objets bidimensionnels. Dans cette étude, les sujets doivent faire le choix, image miroir-image normale, dans le cas de stimuli qui different quant aux dimensions perçues et à Tangle de rotation dans le plan de l'image. Dans une série de quatre expériences, le temps requis pour prendre la décision s'accroît avec l'augmentation des différences d'orientation entre les stimuli. Ceci concorde avec ce que l'on retrouve dans les écrits antérieurs sur le sujet. Dans chaque expérience, cependant, les temps de latence sont plus courts pour des represéntations de formes bidimensionnelles que tridimensionnelles lorsque les stimuli comparés sont présentés avec une grande différence angulaire. Alors que dans le cas des rotations de formes tridimensionnelles le temps de latence varie de façon linéaire en fonction de l'orientation, dans le cas de formes bidimensionnelles, cette variation n'est généralement pas linéaire. Les résultats montrent que pour des angles entre 0° et 60°, la rotation mentale de reprèsentation de formes tridimensionnelles se fait au même rythme que celle des représentations de formes bidimensionnelles. Pour les angles plus grands, cependant, le rythme de rotation est plus rapide dans le cas des représentations de formes bidimensionnelles que dans celui de formes tridimensionelles.</abstract><cop>Toronto, ON</cop><pub>Canadian Psychological Association</pub><doi>10.1037/h0080118</doi><tpages>30</tpages></addata></record>
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subjects Biological and medical sciences
Cognition. Intelligence
Form and Shape Perception
Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology
Human
Mental Rotation
Psychology. Psychoanalysis. Psychiatry
Psychology. Psychophysiology
Reaction Time
Spatial perception. Time perception
title Mental Rotation of Representations of Two-Dimensional and Three-Dimensional Objects
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