Two stages of gold mineralization at Hutti mine, India
The Hutti gold mine is located in a high-angle, NNW–SSE-trending shear zone system, which hosts nine discrete auriferous shear zones (reefs). On a clockwise, retrograde PT path two separate stages of deformation/metamorphism (D 2 /M 2 and D 3 /M 3 ) occurred synchronous with two distinct stages of g...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Mineralium deposita 2013, Vol.48 (1), p.99-114 |
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| creator | Rogers, A. J. Kolb, J. Meyer, F. M. Vennemann, T. |
| description | The Hutti gold mine is located in a high-angle, NNW–SSE-trending shear zone system, which hosts nine discrete auriferous shear zones (reefs). On a clockwise, retrograde PT path two separate stages of deformation/metamorphism (D
2
/M
2
and D
3
/M
3
) occurred synchronous with two distinct stages of gold mineralization, both of which were associated with different fluid types. Stage 1 mineralization developed during D
2
/M
2
, where the amphibolite host rocks were altered by a metamorphic fluid with a
of 7.5–10.1 ‰, rich in K, S, As, and Au at pressure and temperature conditions of around 3 kbar and 530 + 20/−30°C, respectively. The stage 1 auriferous shear zones are enveloped by a zoned alteration consisting of a distal biotite–chlorite and proximal biotite–plagioclase assemblage. Subsequently, D
2
/M
2
was overprinted by D
3
/M
3
deformation and metamorphism at 300–400°C and |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1007/s00126-012-0416-5 |
| format | Article |
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2
/M
2
and D
3
/M
3
) occurred synchronous with two distinct stages of gold mineralization, both of which were associated with different fluid types. Stage 1 mineralization developed during D
2
/M
2
, where the amphibolite host rocks were altered by a metamorphic fluid with a
of 7.5–10.1 ‰, rich in K, S, As, and Au at pressure and temperature conditions of around 3 kbar and 530 + 20/−30°C, respectively. The stage 1 auriferous shear zones are enveloped by a zoned alteration consisting of a distal biotite–chlorite and proximal biotite–plagioclase assemblage. Subsequently, D
2
/M
2
was overprinted by D
3
/M
3
deformation and metamorphism at 300–400°C and <2 kbar that formed the stage 2 mineralization. The stage 2 mineralizing fluid which originated from outside the greenstone belt (δ
18
O
fluid
of 3.2–6.8 ‰) was rich in Si, Au, and W. This mineralization stage is distinct by the emplacement of laminated quartz veins central to the shear zone, containing locally visible gold at concentrations of up to 1 kg Au/t. The laminated quartz veins are surrounded by a millimeter-scale chlorite
2
–K-feldspar alteration halo, which replaced the stage 1 biotite–plagioclase assemblage. The oxygen isotopic composition of the stage 2 fluid suggests a mixture of a magmatic fluid with an oxygen isotopic composition in the range of 6 to 10 ‰ and an isotopically light formation fluid that resulted from fluid–rock interaction in the greenstone pile. The two fluid fluxes at stages 1 and 2 both contributed to the overall gold mineralization; however, it was the second fluid pulse, which gave the Hutti mine its status as the largest gold mine in India. The metamorphic evolution was thereby important for the first stage, whereas the second stage was controlled by tectonism and intrusion of the high-heat production Yellagatti granite that re-established the fluid plumbing and mineralizing system.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0026-4598</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1432-1866</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1007/s00126-012-0416-5</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Berlin/Heidelberg: Springer-Verlag</publisher><subject>Deformation ; Earth and Environmental Science ; Earth Sciences ; Geochemistry ; Geology ; Gold ; Gold mines & mining ; Isotopes ; Metamorphism ; Mineral Resources ; Mineralization ; Mineralogy ; Quartz ; Rocks ; Veins (geology)</subject><ispartof>Mineralium deposita, 2013, Vol.48 (1), p.99-114</ispartof><rights>Springer-Verlag 2012</rights><rights>Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2013</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-a339t-6dc55d8682aadc1f875aa63a3cf212738036a7219f39a3140c74edc4d8669d063</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-a339t-6dc55d8682aadc1f875aa63a3cf212738036a7219f39a3140c74edc4d8669d063</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s00126-012-0416-5$$EPDF$$P50$$Gspringer$$H</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://link.springer.com/10.1007/s00126-012-0416-5$$EHTML$$P50$$Gspringer$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>314,777,781,27906,27907,41470,42539,51301</link.rule.ids></links><search><creatorcontrib>Rogers, A. J.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kolb, J.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Meyer, F. M.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Vennemann, T.</creatorcontrib><title>Two stages of gold mineralization at Hutti mine, India</title><title>Mineralium deposita</title><addtitle>Miner Deposita</addtitle><description>The Hutti gold mine is located in a high-angle, NNW–SSE-trending shear zone system, which hosts nine discrete auriferous shear zones (reefs). On a clockwise, retrograde PT path two separate stages of deformation/metamorphism (D
2
/M
2
and D
3
/M
3
) occurred synchronous with two distinct stages of gold mineralization, both of which were associated with different fluid types. Stage 1 mineralization developed during D
2
/M
2
, where the amphibolite host rocks were altered by a metamorphic fluid with a
of 7.5–10.1 ‰, rich in K, S, As, and Au at pressure and temperature conditions of around 3 kbar and 530 + 20/−30°C, respectively. The stage 1 auriferous shear zones are enveloped by a zoned alteration consisting of a distal biotite–chlorite and proximal biotite–plagioclase assemblage. Subsequently, D
2
/M
2
was overprinted by D
3
/M
3
deformation and metamorphism at 300–400°C and <2 kbar that formed the stage 2 mineralization. The stage 2 mineralizing fluid which originated from outside the greenstone belt (δ
18
O
fluid
of 3.2–6.8 ‰) was rich in Si, Au, and W. This mineralization stage is distinct by the emplacement of laminated quartz veins central to the shear zone, containing locally visible gold at concentrations of up to 1 kg Au/t. The laminated quartz veins are surrounded by a millimeter-scale chlorite
2
–K-feldspar alteration halo, which replaced the stage 1 biotite–plagioclase assemblage. The oxygen isotopic composition of the stage 2 fluid suggests a mixture of a magmatic fluid with an oxygen isotopic composition in the range of 6 to 10 ‰ and an isotopically light formation fluid that resulted from fluid–rock interaction in the greenstone pile. The two fluid fluxes at stages 1 and 2 both contributed to the overall gold mineralization; however, it was the second fluid pulse, which gave the Hutti mine its status as the largest gold mine in India. The metamorphic evolution was thereby important for the first stage, whereas the second stage was controlled by tectonism and intrusion of the high-heat production Yellagatti granite that re-established the fluid plumbing and mineralizing system.</description><subject>Deformation</subject><subject>Earth and Environmental Science</subject><subject>Earth Sciences</subject><subject>Geochemistry</subject><subject>Geology</subject><subject>Gold</subject><subject>Gold mines & mining</subject><subject>Isotopes</subject><subject>Metamorphism</subject><subject>Mineral Resources</subject><subject>Mineralization</subject><subject>Mineralogy</subject><subject>Quartz</subject><subject>Rocks</subject><subject>Veins (geology)</subject><issn>0026-4598</issn><issn>1432-1866</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2013</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>ABUWG</sourceid><sourceid>AFKRA</sourceid><sourceid>AZQEC</sourceid><sourceid>BENPR</sourceid><sourceid>CCPQU</sourceid><sourceid>DWQXO</sourceid><sourceid>GNUQQ</sourceid><recordid>eNp1kE9LAzEQxYMoWKsfwFvAq9HJ380epWhbKHip5zBssmVLu6nJFtFPb-p68OJlBmbe783wCLnl8MABqscMwIVhpTBQ3DB9RiZcScG4NeacTADKVunaXpKrnLcAUHMFE2LWH5HmATch09jSTdx5uu_6kHDXfeHQxZ7iQBfHYeh-5vd02fsOr8lFi7scbn77lLy9PK9nC7Z6nS9nTyuGUtYDM77R2ltjBaJveGsrjWgkyqYVXFTSgjRYCV63skZZHmoqFXyjCmJqD0ZOyd3oe0jx_Rjy4LbxmPpy0hWeW6utqoqKj6omxZxTaN0hdXtMn46DO8XjxnhcKe4Uj9OFESOTi7bfhPTH-V_oG8X-ZXY</recordid><startdate>2013</startdate><enddate>2013</enddate><creator>Rogers, A. J.</creator><creator>Kolb, J.</creator><creator>Meyer, F. M.</creator><creator>Vennemann, T.</creator><general>Springer-Verlag</general><general>Springer Nature B.V</general><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>3V.</scope><scope>7XB</scope><scope>88I</scope><scope>8FK</scope><scope>ABUWG</scope><scope>AEUYN</scope><scope>AFKRA</scope><scope>ATCPS</scope><scope>AZQEC</scope><scope>BENPR</scope><scope>BHPHI</scope><scope>BKSAR</scope><scope>CCPQU</scope><scope>DWQXO</scope><scope>F1W</scope><scope>GNUQQ</scope><scope>H96</scope><scope>HCIFZ</scope><scope>L.G</scope><scope>M2P</scope><scope>PATMY</scope><scope>PCBAR</scope><scope>PQEST</scope><scope>PQQKQ</scope><scope>PQUKI</scope><scope>PYCSY</scope><scope>Q9U</scope></search><sort><creationdate>2013</creationdate><title>Two stages of gold mineralization at Hutti mine, India</title><author>Rogers, A. J. ; Kolb, J. ; Meyer, F. M. ; Vennemann, T.</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-a339t-6dc55d8682aadc1f875aa63a3cf212738036a7219f39a3140c74edc4d8669d063</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2013</creationdate><topic>Deformation</topic><topic>Earth and Environmental Science</topic><topic>Earth Sciences</topic><topic>Geochemistry</topic><topic>Geology</topic><topic>Gold</topic><topic>Gold mines & mining</topic><topic>Isotopes</topic><topic>Metamorphism</topic><topic>Mineral Resources</topic><topic>Mineralization</topic><topic>Mineralogy</topic><topic>Quartz</topic><topic>Rocks</topic><topic>Veins (geology)</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Rogers, A. J.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kolb, J.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Meyer, F. M.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Vennemann, T.</creatorcontrib><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Corporate)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>Science Database (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni) (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Sustainability</collection><collection>ProQuest Central UK/Ireland</collection><collection>Agricultural & Environmental Science Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Essentials</collection><collection>ProQuest Central</collection><collection>Natural Science Collection</collection><collection>Earth, Atmospheric & Aquatic Science Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest One Community College</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Korea</collection><collection>ASFA: Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Abstracts</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Student</collection><collection>Aquatic Science & Fisheries Abstracts (ASFA) 2: Ocean Technology, Policy & Non-Living Resources</collection><collection>SciTech Premium Collection</collection><collection>Aquatic Science & Fisheries Abstracts (ASFA) Professional</collection><collection>Science Database</collection><collection>Environmental Science Database</collection><collection>Earth, Atmospheric & Aquatic Science Database</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition (DO NOT USE)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition</collection><collection>Environmental Science Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Basic</collection><jtitle>Mineralium deposita</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Rogers, A. J.</au><au>Kolb, J.</au><au>Meyer, F. M.</au><au>Vennemann, T.</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Two stages of gold mineralization at Hutti mine, India</atitle><jtitle>Mineralium deposita</jtitle><stitle>Miner Deposita</stitle><date>2013</date><risdate>2013</risdate><volume>48</volume><issue>1</issue><spage>99</spage><epage>114</epage><pages>99-114</pages><issn>0026-4598</issn><eissn>1432-1866</eissn><abstract>The Hutti gold mine is located in a high-angle, NNW–SSE-trending shear zone system, which hosts nine discrete auriferous shear zones (reefs). On a clockwise, retrograde PT path two separate stages of deformation/metamorphism (D
2
/M
2
and D
3
/M
3
) occurred synchronous with two distinct stages of gold mineralization, both of which were associated with different fluid types. Stage 1 mineralization developed during D
2
/M
2
, where the amphibolite host rocks were altered by a metamorphic fluid with a
of 7.5–10.1 ‰, rich in K, S, As, and Au at pressure and temperature conditions of around 3 kbar and 530 + 20/−30°C, respectively. The stage 1 auriferous shear zones are enveloped by a zoned alteration consisting of a distal biotite–chlorite and proximal biotite–plagioclase assemblage. Subsequently, D
2
/M
2
was overprinted by D
3
/M
3
deformation and metamorphism at 300–400°C and <2 kbar that formed the stage 2 mineralization. The stage 2 mineralizing fluid which originated from outside the greenstone belt (δ
18
O
fluid
of 3.2–6.8 ‰) was rich in Si, Au, and W. This mineralization stage is distinct by the emplacement of laminated quartz veins central to the shear zone, containing locally visible gold at concentrations of up to 1 kg Au/t. The laminated quartz veins are surrounded by a millimeter-scale chlorite
2
–K-feldspar alteration halo, which replaced the stage 1 biotite–plagioclase assemblage. The oxygen isotopic composition of the stage 2 fluid suggests a mixture of a magmatic fluid with an oxygen isotopic composition in the range of 6 to 10 ‰ and an isotopically light formation fluid that resulted from fluid–rock interaction in the greenstone pile. The two fluid fluxes at stages 1 and 2 both contributed to the overall gold mineralization; however, it was the second fluid pulse, which gave the Hutti mine its status as the largest gold mine in India. The metamorphic evolution was thereby important for the first stage, whereas the second stage was controlled by tectonism and intrusion of the high-heat production Yellagatti granite that re-established the fluid plumbing and mineralizing system.</abstract><cop>Berlin/Heidelberg</cop><pub>Springer-Verlag</pub><doi>10.1007/s00126-012-0416-5</doi><tpages>16</tpages></addata></record> |
| fulltext | fulltext |
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| ispartof | Mineralium deposita, 2013, Vol.48 (1), p.99-114 |
| issn | 0026-4598 1432-1866 |
| language | eng |
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| source | SpringerLink Journals - AutoHoldings |
| subjects | Deformation Earth and Environmental Science Earth Sciences Geochemistry Geology Gold Gold mines & mining Isotopes Metamorphism Mineral Resources Mineralization Mineralogy Quartz Rocks Veins (geology) |
| title | Two stages of gold mineralization at Hutti mine, India |
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