Characteristics of unconnected upward leaders initiated from tall structures observed in Guangzhou
Forty‐five unconnected upward leaders (UULs) occurred in 19 downward negative flashes are analyzed. Each observed UUL is initiated by a downward stepped leader before a new strike point is struck. For each UUL, several parameters are determined when possible mainly by using high‐speed images: incept...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres 2012-10, Vol.117 (D19), p.n/a |
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| container_title | Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres |
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| creator | Lu, Weitao Chen, Luwen Zhang, Yang Ma, Ying Gao, Yan Yin, Qiyuan Chen, Shaodong Huang, Zhihui Zhang, Yijun |
| description | Forty‐five unconnected upward leaders (UULs) occurred in 19 downward negative flashes are analyzed. Each observed UUL is initiated by a downward stepped leader before a new strike point is struck. For each UUL, several parameters are determined when possible mainly by using high‐speed images: inception height, inception time prior to return stroke (RS), horizontal distance from the flash's strike point, two‐dimensional (2D) distance between the nearest downward leader branch tip and the UUL's inception point at its inception time, 2D length, and 2D average propagation velocity. Their values range from 40 to 503 m (number of samples: 45), |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1029/2012JD018035 |
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Key Points
Cases and statistical analysis of unconnected upward positive leaders
Observation of lightning discharges striking a city with many tall structures
The data can help us estimate the effect of downward leader on upward leader</description><identifier>ISSN: 0148-0227</identifier><identifier>ISSN: 2169-897X</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 2156-2202</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 2169-8996</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1029/2012JD018035</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Washington, DC: Blackwell Publishing Ltd</publisher><subject>Atmospheric sciences ; cloud-to-ground lightning ; Earth sciences ; Earth, ocean, space ; Exact sciences and technology ; Geophysics ; inception height ; inception time ; Lightning ; strike point ; unconnected upward leader</subject><ispartof>Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, 2012-10, Vol.117 (D19), p.n/a</ispartof><rights>2012. American Geophysical Union. All Rights Reserved.</rights><rights>2015 INIST-CNRS</rights><rights>Copyright American Geophysical Union 2012</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c4139-7f4e1ce72989fad07b111d52e729cac231c996c22abb9fc2ce8cfe8b59a91c3b3</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c4139-7f4e1ce72989fad07b111d52e729cac231c996c22abb9fc2ce8cfe8b59a91c3b3</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1029%2F2012JD018035$$EPDF$$P50$$Gwiley$$H</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1029%2F2012JD018035$$EHTML$$P50$$Gwiley$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>315,781,785,1418,1434,11518,27928,27929,45578,45579,46413,46472,46837,46896</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttp://pascal-francis.inist.fr/vibad/index.php?action=getRecordDetail&idt=26580213$$DView record in Pascal Francis$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Lu, Weitao</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Chen, Luwen</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Zhang, Yang</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ma, Ying</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Gao, Yan</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Yin, Qiyuan</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Chen, Shaodong</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Huang, Zhihui</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Zhang, Yijun</creatorcontrib><title>Characteristics of unconnected upward leaders initiated from tall structures observed in Guangzhou</title><title>Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres</title><addtitle>J. Geophys. Res</addtitle><description>Forty‐five unconnected upward leaders (UULs) occurred in 19 downward negative flashes are analyzed. Each observed UUL is initiated by a downward stepped leader before a new strike point is struck. For each UUL, several parameters are determined when possible mainly by using high‐speed images: inception height, inception time prior to return stroke (RS), horizontal distance from the flash's strike point, two‐dimensional (2D) distance between the nearest downward leader branch tip and the UUL's inception point at its inception time, 2D length, and 2D average propagation velocity. Their values range from 40 to 503 m (number of samples: 45), <0.1 to 1.32 ms (38), 20 m to 1.3 km (38), 99 to 578 m (21), 0.48 to 399 m (45), and 5.79 to 33.8 × 104 m s−1 (22), respectively. 86% (19/22) of the velocities are smaller than 1.7 × 105 m s−1. No UUL with an inception time prior to RS greater than 0.5 ms is initiated from a structure lower than 300 m. Those UULs with inception heights lower than 300 m seldom exhibit lengths longer than 50 m and only can be initiated by flashes within approximately 600 m, while those higher than 400 m can even reach several hundred meters and be initiated by flashes over 1 km away. The maximum distances for the downward leaders to attract the UULs with inception heights from 100 to 200 m, 200 to 300 m, and over 400 m are approximately 350 m, 450 m, and 600 m, respectively.
Key Points
Cases and statistical analysis of unconnected upward positive leaders
Observation of lightning discharges striking a city with many tall structures
The data can help us estimate the effect of downward leader on upward leader</description><subject>Atmospheric sciences</subject><subject>cloud-to-ground lightning</subject><subject>Earth sciences</subject><subject>Earth, ocean, space</subject><subject>Exact sciences and technology</subject><subject>Geophysics</subject><subject>inception height</subject><subject>inception time</subject><subject>Lightning</subject><subject>strike point</subject><subject>unconnected upward leader</subject><issn>0148-0227</issn><issn>2169-897X</issn><issn>2156-2202</issn><issn>2169-8996</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2012</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>8G5</sourceid><sourceid>ABUWG</sourceid><sourceid>AFKRA</sourceid><sourceid>AZQEC</sourceid><sourceid>BENPR</sourceid><sourceid>CCPQU</sourceid><sourceid>DWQXO</sourceid><sourceid>GNUQQ</sourceid><sourceid>GUQSH</sourceid><sourceid>M2O</sourceid><recordid>eNp9kE1LJDEQhsOisIN68wc0LN5sTSr9laOMOuswurCMCF5CdXWyRtvuMeleP369GUbEk7kkVD3PG3gZ2xf8SHBQx8AFzE-5qLjMf7AJiLxIAThssQkXWZVygPIn2wvhnseT5UXGxYTV0zv0SIPxLgyOQtLbZOyo7zoTh00yrp7RN0lrsDE-JK5zg8P1wvr-MRmwbZMw-JGG0Zso18H4_3HrumQ2Yvfv7a4fd9m2xTaYvY97h12fny2nv9PFn9nF9GSRUiakSkubGUGmBFUpiw0vayFEk8N6QkggBSlVEADWtbIEZCqypqpzhUqQrOUO-7XJXfn-aTRh0Pf96Lv4pY5JGQepch6pww1Fvg_BG6tX3j2if9WC63WR-muRET_4CMVA2FqPHbnw6UCRVxyEjJzccM-uNa_fZur57O9pfIGKVrqxYvnm5dNC_6CLUpa5vrma6cXy9nIuF1wv5TsM-5G_</recordid><startdate>20121016</startdate><enddate>20121016</enddate><creator>Lu, Weitao</creator><creator>Chen, Luwen</creator><creator>Zhang, Yang</creator><creator>Ma, Ying</creator><creator>Gao, Yan</creator><creator>Yin, Qiyuan</creator><creator>Chen, Shaodong</creator><creator>Huang, Zhihui</creator><creator>Zhang, Yijun</creator><general>Blackwell Publishing Ltd</general><general>American Geophysical Union</general><scope>BSCLL</scope><scope>IQODW</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>3V.</scope><scope>7TG</scope><scope>7UA</scope><scope>7XB</scope><scope>8FD</scope><scope>8FE</scope><scope>8FG</scope><scope>8FK</scope><scope>8G5</scope><scope>ABJCF</scope><scope>ABUWG</scope><scope>AFKRA</scope><scope>ARAPS</scope><scope>ATCPS</scope><scope>AZQEC</scope><scope>BENPR</scope><scope>BGLVJ</scope><scope>BHPHI</scope><scope>BKSAR</scope><scope>C1K</scope><scope>CCPQU</scope><scope>DWQXO</scope><scope>F1W</scope><scope>FR3</scope><scope>GNUQQ</scope><scope>GUQSH</scope><scope>H8D</scope><scope>H96</scope><scope>HCIFZ</scope><scope>KL.</scope><scope>KR7</scope><scope>L.G</scope><scope>L6V</scope><scope>L7M</scope><scope>M2O</scope><scope>M7S</scope><scope>MBDVC</scope><scope>P5Z</scope><scope>P62</scope><scope>PATMY</scope><scope>PCBAR</scope><scope>PQEST</scope><scope>PQQKQ</scope><scope>PQUKI</scope><scope>PTHSS</scope><scope>PYCSY</scope><scope>Q9U</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20121016</creationdate><title>Characteristics of unconnected upward leaders initiated from tall structures observed in Guangzhou</title><author>Lu, Weitao ; Chen, Luwen ; Zhang, Yang ; Ma, Ying ; Gao, Yan ; Yin, Qiyuan ; Chen, Shaodong ; Huang, Zhihui ; Zhang, Yijun</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c4139-7f4e1ce72989fad07b111d52e729cac231c996c22abb9fc2ce8cfe8b59a91c3b3</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2012</creationdate><topic>Atmospheric sciences</topic><topic>cloud-to-ground lightning</topic><topic>Earth sciences</topic><topic>Earth, ocean, space</topic><topic>Exact sciences and technology</topic><topic>Geophysics</topic><topic>inception height</topic><topic>inception time</topic><topic>Lightning</topic><topic>strike point</topic><topic>unconnected upward leader</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Lu, Weitao</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Chen, Luwen</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Zhang, Yang</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ma, Ying</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Gao, Yan</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Yin, Qiyuan</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Chen, Shaodong</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Huang, Zhihui</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Zhang, Yijun</creatorcontrib><collection>Istex</collection><collection>Pascal-Francis</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Corporate)</collection><collection>Meteorological & Geoastrophysical Abstracts</collection><collection>Water Resources Abstracts</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>Technology Research Database</collection><collection>ProQuest SciTech Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Technology Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni) (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>Research Library (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>Materials Science & Engineering Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central UK/Ireland</collection><collection>Advanced Technologies & Aerospace Collection</collection><collection>Agricultural & Environmental Science Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Essentials</collection><collection>ProQuest Central</collection><collection>Technology Collection</collection><collection>Natural Science Collection</collection><collection>Earth, Atmospheric & Aquatic Science Collection</collection><collection>Environmental Sciences and Pollution Management</collection><collection>ProQuest One Community College</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Korea</collection><collection>ASFA: Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Abstracts</collection><collection>Engineering Research Database</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Student</collection><collection>Research Library Prep</collection><collection>Aerospace Database</collection><collection>Aquatic Science & Fisheries Abstracts (ASFA) 2: Ocean Technology, Policy & Non-Living Resources</collection><collection>SciTech Premium Collection</collection><collection>Meteorological & Geoastrophysical Abstracts - Academic</collection><collection>Civil Engineering Abstracts</collection><collection>Aquatic Science & Fisheries Abstracts (ASFA) Professional</collection><collection>ProQuest Engineering Collection</collection><collection>Advanced Technologies Database with Aerospace</collection><collection>Research Library</collection><collection>Engineering Database</collection><collection>Research Library (Corporate)</collection><collection>Advanced Technologies & Aerospace Database</collection><collection>ProQuest Advanced Technologies & Aerospace Collection</collection><collection>Environmental Science Database</collection><collection>Earth, Atmospheric & Aquatic Science Database</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition (DO NOT USE)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition</collection><collection>Engineering Collection</collection><collection>Environmental Science Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Basic</collection><jtitle>Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Lu, Weitao</au><au>Chen, Luwen</au><au>Zhang, Yang</au><au>Ma, Ying</au><au>Gao, Yan</au><au>Yin, Qiyuan</au><au>Chen, Shaodong</au><au>Huang, Zhihui</au><au>Zhang, Yijun</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Characteristics of unconnected upward leaders initiated from tall structures observed in Guangzhou</atitle><jtitle>Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres</jtitle><addtitle>J. Geophys. Res</addtitle><date>2012-10-16</date><risdate>2012</risdate><volume>117</volume><issue>D19</issue><epage>n/a</epage><issn>0148-0227</issn><issn>2169-897X</issn><eissn>2156-2202</eissn><eissn>2169-8996</eissn><abstract>Forty‐five unconnected upward leaders (UULs) occurred in 19 downward negative flashes are analyzed. Each observed UUL is initiated by a downward stepped leader before a new strike point is struck. For each UUL, several parameters are determined when possible mainly by using high‐speed images: inception height, inception time prior to return stroke (RS), horizontal distance from the flash's strike point, two‐dimensional (2D) distance between the nearest downward leader branch tip and the UUL's inception point at its inception time, 2D length, and 2D average propagation velocity. Their values range from 40 to 503 m (number of samples: 45), <0.1 to 1.32 ms (38), 20 m to 1.3 km (38), 99 to 578 m (21), 0.48 to 399 m (45), and 5.79 to 33.8 × 104 m s−1 (22), respectively. 86% (19/22) of the velocities are smaller than 1.7 × 105 m s−1. No UUL with an inception time prior to RS greater than 0.5 ms is initiated from a structure lower than 300 m. Those UULs with inception heights lower than 300 m seldom exhibit lengths longer than 50 m and only can be initiated by flashes within approximately 600 m, while those higher than 400 m can even reach several hundred meters and be initiated by flashes over 1 km away. The maximum distances for the downward leaders to attract the UULs with inception heights from 100 to 200 m, 200 to 300 m, and over 400 m are approximately 350 m, 450 m, and 600 m, respectively.
Key Points
Cases and statistical analysis of unconnected upward positive leaders
Observation of lightning discharges striking a city with many tall structures
The data can help us estimate the effect of downward leader on upward leader</abstract><cop>Washington, DC</cop><pub>Blackwell Publishing Ltd</pub><doi>10.1029/2012JD018035</doi><tpages>12</tpages><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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| subjects | Atmospheric sciences cloud-to-ground lightning Earth sciences Earth, ocean, space Exact sciences and technology Geophysics inception height inception time Lightning strike point unconnected upward leader |
| title | Characteristics of unconnected upward leaders initiated from tall structures observed in Guangzhou |
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