On the Accuracy of Wait's Formula Along a Mixed Propagation Path Within 1 km from the Lightning Channel
We have examined the accuracy of Wait's formula for evaluating lightning vertical electric field and azimuthal magnetic field over a mixed propagation path (vertically stratified) by using the finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) technique at near (200 m) and intermediate (1000 m) distance rang...
Gespeichert in:
| Veröffentlicht in: | IEEE transactions on electromagnetic compatibility 2012-10, Vol.54 (5), p.1042-1047 |
|---|---|
| Hauptverfasser: | , , , , |
| Format: | Artikel |
| Sprache: | eng |
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Volltext bestellen |
| Tags: |
Tag hinzufügen
Keine Tags, Fügen Sie den ersten Tag hinzu!
|
| container_end_page | 1047 |
|---|---|
| container_issue | 5 |
| container_start_page | 1042 |
| container_title | IEEE transactions on electromagnetic compatibility |
| container_volume | 54 |
| creator | Zhang, Qilin Li, Dongshuai Zhang, Yuanyuan Gao, Jinge Wang, Zhenhui |
| description | We have examined the accuracy of Wait's formula for evaluating lightning vertical electric field and azimuthal magnetic field over a mixed propagation path (vertically stratified) by using the finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) technique at near (200 m) and intermediate (1000 m) distance range from the lightning channel. For the first return stroke, Wait's formula has a reasonable accuracy for predicting lightning electromagnetic fields within distances of 1000 m. However, for the subsequent return stroke, although Wait's formula predicts the nearly same field peaks as that by FDTD no matter how the ground conductivity is vertically stratified, some waveform differences can be observed at the early-time response within a few microseconds. Therefore, Wait's formula may cause some errors for predicting the field derivates within tens or hundreds of meters. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1109/TEMC.2012.2190765 |
| format | Article |
| fullrecord | <record><control><sourceid>proquest_RIE</sourceid><recordid>TN_cdi_proquest_journals_1112131878</recordid><sourceformat>XML</sourceformat><sourcesystem>PC</sourcesystem><ieee_id>6184299</ieee_id><sourcerecordid>1671419725</sourcerecordid><originalsourceid>FETCH-LOGICAL-c356t-225537a78c74f374cbf1fbfd85d16727db61a6f51e1f76c3395b3618c7b3b1d93</originalsourceid><addsrcrecordid>eNpdkMFq3DAURUVIIZO0HxCyEZSSbjz1kyzJXg5D0hYmJIuUZCdkWRortaWpZEPz99Vkhiy6Eg-de3nvIHQJ5RKgbL493tytl6QEsiTQlIKzE7QAxuoCavF8ihZlCXXRUMHO0HlKL3msGKELtL33eOoNXmk9R6VfcbD4SbnpOuHbEMd5UHg1BL_FCt-5v6bDDzHs1FZNLnj8oKYeP7mpdx4D_j1iG8P4Vrdx237yLufWvfLeDB_RB6uGZD4d3wv06_bmcf2j2Nx__7lebQpNGZ8KQhijQolai8pSUenWgm1tV7MOuCCiazkobhkYsIJrShvWUg4Zb2kLXUMv0NdD7y6GP7NJkxxd0mYYlDdhTjK3QAWNICyjn_9DX8Icfd5OAgABmtXVmYIDpWNIKRord9GNKr5KKOVevdyrl3v18qg-Z74cm1XSarBRee3Se5BwVlUlrzJ3deCcMeb9O59Tkaah_wDOd4pT</addsrcrecordid><sourcetype>Aggregation Database</sourcetype><iscdi>true</iscdi><recordtype>article</recordtype><pqid>1112131878</pqid></control><display><type>article</type><title>On the Accuracy of Wait's Formula Along a Mixed Propagation Path Within 1 km from the Lightning Channel</title><source>IEEE Xplore</source><creator>Zhang, Qilin ; Li, Dongshuai ; Zhang, Yuanyuan ; Gao, Jinge ; Wang, Zhenhui</creator><creatorcontrib>Zhang, Qilin ; Li, Dongshuai ; Zhang, Yuanyuan ; Gao, Jinge ; Wang, Zhenhui</creatorcontrib><description>We have examined the accuracy of Wait's formula for evaluating lightning vertical electric field and azimuthal magnetic field over a mixed propagation path (vertically stratified) by using the finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) technique at near (200 m) and intermediate (1000 m) distance range from the lightning channel. For the first return stroke, Wait's formula has a reasonable accuracy for predicting lightning electromagnetic fields within distances of 1000 m. However, for the subsequent return stroke, although Wait's formula predicts the nearly same field peaks as that by FDTD no matter how the ground conductivity is vertically stratified, some waveform differences can be observed at the early-time response within a few microseconds. Therefore, Wait's formula may cause some errors for predicting the field derivates within tens or hundreds of meters.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0018-9375</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1558-187X</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1109/TEMC.2012.2190765</identifier><identifier>CODEN: IEMCAE</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>New York, NY: IEEE</publisher><subject>Accuracy ; Analytical models ; Arcs, sparks, lightning ; Channels ; Conductivity ; Electric discharges ; Electromagnetic compatibility ; Electromagnetic fields ; Exact sciences and technology ; Finite difference method ; Finite difference methods ; Finite difference time domain method ; Finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) ; Lightning ; lightning electromagnetic fields ; Physics ; Physics of gases, plasmas and electric discharges ; Physics of plasmas and electric discharges ; Return strokes (lightning) ; Time domain analysis ; vertically stratified ; Wait's formula</subject><ispartof>IEEE transactions on electromagnetic compatibility, 2012-10, Vol.54 (5), p.1042-1047</ispartof><rights>2015 INIST-CNRS</rights><rights>Copyright The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. (IEEE) Oct 2012</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c356t-225537a78c74f374cbf1fbfd85d16727db61a6f51e1f76c3395b3618c7b3b1d93</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c356t-225537a78c74f374cbf1fbfd85d16727db61a6f51e1f76c3395b3618c7b3b1d93</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/6184299$$EHTML$$P50$$Gieee$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>314,780,784,796,27922,27923,54756</link.rule.ids><linktorsrc>$$Uhttps://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/6184299$$EView_record_in_IEEE$$FView_record_in_$$GIEEE</linktorsrc><backlink>$$Uhttp://pascal-francis.inist.fr/vibad/index.php?action=getRecordDetail&idt=26544064$$DView record in Pascal Francis$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Zhang, Qilin</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Li, Dongshuai</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Zhang, Yuanyuan</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Gao, Jinge</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Wang, Zhenhui</creatorcontrib><title>On the Accuracy of Wait's Formula Along a Mixed Propagation Path Within 1 km from the Lightning Channel</title><title>IEEE transactions on electromagnetic compatibility</title><addtitle>TEMC</addtitle><description>We have examined the accuracy of Wait's formula for evaluating lightning vertical electric field and azimuthal magnetic field over a mixed propagation path (vertically stratified) by using the finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) technique at near (200 m) and intermediate (1000 m) distance range from the lightning channel. For the first return stroke, Wait's formula has a reasonable accuracy for predicting lightning electromagnetic fields within distances of 1000 m. However, for the subsequent return stroke, although Wait's formula predicts the nearly same field peaks as that by FDTD no matter how the ground conductivity is vertically stratified, some waveform differences can be observed at the early-time response within a few microseconds. Therefore, Wait's formula may cause some errors for predicting the field derivates within tens or hundreds of meters.</description><subject>Accuracy</subject><subject>Analytical models</subject><subject>Arcs, sparks, lightning</subject><subject>Channels</subject><subject>Conductivity</subject><subject>Electric discharges</subject><subject>Electromagnetic compatibility</subject><subject>Electromagnetic fields</subject><subject>Exact sciences and technology</subject><subject>Finite difference method</subject><subject>Finite difference methods</subject><subject>Finite difference time domain method</subject><subject>Finite-difference time-domain (FDTD)</subject><subject>Lightning</subject><subject>lightning electromagnetic fields</subject><subject>Physics</subject><subject>Physics of gases, plasmas and electric discharges</subject><subject>Physics of plasmas and electric discharges</subject><subject>Return strokes (lightning)</subject><subject>Time domain analysis</subject><subject>vertically stratified</subject><subject>Wait's formula</subject><issn>0018-9375</issn><issn>1558-187X</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2012</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>RIE</sourceid><recordid>eNpdkMFq3DAURUVIIZO0HxCyEZSSbjz1kyzJXg5D0hYmJIuUZCdkWRortaWpZEPz99Vkhiy6Eg-de3nvIHQJ5RKgbL493tytl6QEsiTQlIKzE7QAxuoCavF8ihZlCXXRUMHO0HlKL3msGKELtL33eOoNXmk9R6VfcbD4SbnpOuHbEMd5UHg1BL_FCt-5v6bDDzHs1FZNLnj8oKYeP7mpdx4D_j1iG8P4Vrdx237yLufWvfLeDB_RB6uGZD4d3wv06_bmcf2j2Nx__7lebQpNGZ8KQhijQolai8pSUenWgm1tV7MOuCCiazkobhkYsIJrShvWUg4Zb2kLXUMv0NdD7y6GP7NJkxxd0mYYlDdhTjK3QAWNICyjn_9DX8Icfd5OAgABmtXVmYIDpWNIKRord9GNKr5KKOVevdyrl3v18qg-Z74cm1XSarBRee3Se5BwVlUlrzJ3deCcMeb9O59Tkaah_wDOd4pT</recordid><startdate>20121001</startdate><enddate>20121001</enddate><creator>Zhang, Qilin</creator><creator>Li, Dongshuai</creator><creator>Zhang, Yuanyuan</creator><creator>Gao, Jinge</creator><creator>Wang, Zhenhui</creator><general>IEEE</general><general>Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers</general><general>The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. (IEEE)</general><scope>97E</scope><scope>RIA</scope><scope>RIE</scope><scope>IQODW</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7SP</scope><scope>8FD</scope><scope>L7M</scope><scope>F28</scope><scope>FR3</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20121001</creationdate><title>On the Accuracy of Wait's Formula Along a Mixed Propagation Path Within 1 km from the Lightning Channel</title><author>Zhang, Qilin ; Li, Dongshuai ; Zhang, Yuanyuan ; Gao, Jinge ; Wang, Zhenhui</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c356t-225537a78c74f374cbf1fbfd85d16727db61a6f51e1f76c3395b3618c7b3b1d93</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2012</creationdate><topic>Accuracy</topic><topic>Analytical models</topic><topic>Arcs, sparks, lightning</topic><topic>Channels</topic><topic>Conductivity</topic><topic>Electric discharges</topic><topic>Electromagnetic compatibility</topic><topic>Electromagnetic fields</topic><topic>Exact sciences and technology</topic><topic>Finite difference method</topic><topic>Finite difference methods</topic><topic>Finite difference time domain method</topic><topic>Finite-difference time-domain (FDTD)</topic><topic>Lightning</topic><topic>lightning electromagnetic fields</topic><topic>Physics</topic><topic>Physics of gases, plasmas and electric discharges</topic><topic>Physics of plasmas and electric discharges</topic><topic>Return strokes (lightning)</topic><topic>Time domain analysis</topic><topic>vertically stratified</topic><topic>Wait's formula</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Zhang, Qilin</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Li, Dongshuai</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Zhang, Yuanyuan</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Gao, Jinge</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Wang, Zhenhui</creatorcontrib><collection>IEEE All-Society Periodicals Package (ASPP) 2005-present</collection><collection>IEEE All-Society Periodicals Package (ASPP) 1998-Present</collection><collection>IEEE Xplore</collection><collection>Pascal-Francis</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>Electronics & Communications Abstracts</collection><collection>Technology Research Database</collection><collection>Advanced Technologies Database with Aerospace</collection><collection>ANTE: Abstracts in New Technology & Engineering</collection><collection>Engineering Research Database</collection><jtitle>IEEE transactions on electromagnetic compatibility</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext_linktorsrc</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Zhang, Qilin</au><au>Li, Dongshuai</au><au>Zhang, Yuanyuan</au><au>Gao, Jinge</au><au>Wang, Zhenhui</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>On the Accuracy of Wait's Formula Along a Mixed Propagation Path Within 1 km from the Lightning Channel</atitle><jtitle>IEEE transactions on electromagnetic compatibility</jtitle><stitle>TEMC</stitle><date>2012-10-01</date><risdate>2012</risdate><volume>54</volume><issue>5</issue><spage>1042</spage><epage>1047</epage><pages>1042-1047</pages><issn>0018-9375</issn><eissn>1558-187X</eissn><coden>IEMCAE</coden><abstract>We have examined the accuracy of Wait's formula for evaluating lightning vertical electric field and azimuthal magnetic field over a mixed propagation path (vertically stratified) by using the finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) technique at near (200 m) and intermediate (1000 m) distance range from the lightning channel. For the first return stroke, Wait's formula has a reasonable accuracy for predicting lightning electromagnetic fields within distances of 1000 m. However, for the subsequent return stroke, although Wait's formula predicts the nearly same field peaks as that by FDTD no matter how the ground conductivity is vertically stratified, some waveform differences can be observed at the early-time response within a few microseconds. Therefore, Wait's formula may cause some errors for predicting the field derivates within tens or hundreds of meters.</abstract><cop>New York, NY</cop><pub>IEEE</pub><doi>10.1109/TEMC.2012.2190765</doi><tpages>6</tpages></addata></record> |
| fulltext | fulltext_linktorsrc |
| identifier | ISSN: 0018-9375 |
| ispartof | IEEE transactions on electromagnetic compatibility, 2012-10, Vol.54 (5), p.1042-1047 |
| issn | 0018-9375 1558-187X |
| language | eng |
| recordid | cdi_proquest_journals_1112131878 |
| source | IEEE Xplore |
| subjects | Accuracy Analytical models Arcs, sparks, lightning Channels Conductivity Electric discharges Electromagnetic compatibility Electromagnetic fields Exact sciences and technology Finite difference method Finite difference methods Finite difference time domain method Finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) Lightning lightning electromagnetic fields Physics Physics of gases, plasmas and electric discharges Physics of plasmas and electric discharges Return strokes (lightning) Time domain analysis vertically stratified Wait's formula |
| title | On the Accuracy of Wait's Formula Along a Mixed Propagation Path Within 1 km from the Lightning Channel |
| url | https://sfx.bib-bvb.de/sfx_tum?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&ctx_tim=2025-01-14T07%3A29%3A55IST&url_ver=Z39.88-2004&url_ctx_fmt=infofi/fmt:kev:mtx:ctx&rfr_id=info:sid/primo.exlibrisgroup.com:primo3-Article-proquest_RIE&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=On%20the%20Accuracy%20of%20Wait's%20Formula%20Along%20a%20Mixed%20Propagation%20Path%20Within%201%20km%20from%20the%20Lightning%20Channel&rft.jtitle=IEEE%20transactions%20on%20electromagnetic%20compatibility&rft.au=Zhang,%20Qilin&rft.date=2012-10-01&rft.volume=54&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=1042&rft.epage=1047&rft.pages=1042-1047&rft.issn=0018-9375&rft.eissn=1558-187X&rft.coden=IEMCAE&rft_id=info:doi/10.1109/TEMC.2012.2190765&rft_dat=%3Cproquest_RIE%3E1671419725%3C/proquest_RIE%3E%3Curl%3E%3C/url%3E&disable_directlink=true&sfx.directlink=off&sfx.report_link=0&rft_id=info:oai/&rft_pqid=1112131878&rft_id=info:pmid/&rft_ieee_id=6184299&rfr_iscdi=true |