Biophysical feedback mediates effects of invasive grasses on coastal dune shape

Vegetation at the aquatic-terrestrial interface can alter landscape features through its growth and interactions with sediment and fluids. Even similar species may impart different effects due to variation in their interactions and feedbacks with the environment. Consequently, replacement of one eng...

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Veröffentlicht in:Ecology (Durham) 2012-06, Vol.93 (6), p.1439-1450
Hauptverfasser: Zarnetske, Phoebe L., Hacker, Sally D., Seabloom, Eric W., Ruggiero, Peter, Killian, Jason R., Maddux, Timothy B., Cox, Daniel
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container_issue 6
container_start_page 1439
container_title Ecology (Durham)
container_volume 93
creator Zarnetske, Phoebe L.
Hacker, Sally D.
Seabloom, Eric W.
Ruggiero, Peter
Killian, Jason R.
Maddux, Timothy B.
Cox, Daniel
description Vegetation at the aquatic-terrestrial interface can alter landscape features through its growth and interactions with sediment and fluids. Even similar species may impart different effects due to variation in their interactions and feedbacks with the environment. Consequently, replacement of one engineering species by another can cause significant change in the physical environment. Here we investigate the species-specific ecological mechanisms influencing the geomorphology of U.S. Pacific Northwest coastal dunes. Over the last century, this system changed from open, shifting sand dunes with sparse vegetation (including native beach grass, Elymus mollis ), to densely vegetated continuous foredune ridges resulting from the introduction and subsequent invasions of two nonnative grass species ( Ammophila arenaria and Ammophila breviligulata ), each of which is associated with different dune shapes and sediment supply rates along the coast. Here we propose a biophysical feedback responsible for differences in dune shape, and we investigate two, non-mutually exclusive ecological mechanisms for these differences: (1) species differ in their ability to capture sand and (2) species differ in their growth habit in response to sand deposition. To investigate sand capture, we used a moveable bed wind tunnel experiment and found that increasing tiller density increased sand capture efficiency and that, under different experimental densities, the native grass had higher sand capture efficiency compared to the Ammophila congeners. However, the greater densities of nonnative grasses under field conditions suggest that they have greater potential to capture more sand overall. We used a mesocosm experiment to look at plant growth responses to sand deposition and found that, in response to increasing sand supply rates, A. arenaria produced higher-density vertical tillers (characteristic of higher sand capture efficiency), while A. breviligulata and E. mollis responded with lower-density lateral tiller growth (characteristic of lower sand capture efficiency). Combined, these experiments provide evidence for a species-specific effect on coastal dune shape. Understanding how dominant ecosystem engineers, especially nonnative ones, differ in their interactions with abiotic factors is necessary to better parameterize coastal vulnerability models and inform management practices related to both coastal protection ecosystem services and ecosystem restoration.
doi_str_mv 10.1890/11-1112.1
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We used a mesocosm experiment to look at plant growth responses to sand deposition and found that, in response to increasing sand supply rates, A. arenaria produced higher-density vertical tillers (characteristic of higher sand capture efficiency), while A. breviligulata and E. mollis responded with lower-density lateral tiller growth (characteristic of lower sand capture efficiency). Combined, these experiments provide evidence for a species-specific effect on coastal dune shape. 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Even similar species may impart different effects due to variation in their interactions and feedbacks with the environment. Consequently, replacement of one engineering species by another can cause significant change in the physical environment. Here we investigate the species-specific ecological mechanisms influencing the geomorphology of U.S. Pacific Northwest coastal dunes. Over the last century, this system changed from open, shifting sand dunes with sparse vegetation (including native beach grass, Elymus mollis ), to densely vegetated continuous foredune ridges resulting from the introduction and subsequent invasions of two nonnative grass species ( Ammophila arenaria and Ammophila breviligulata ), each of which is associated with different dune shapes and sediment supply rates along the coast. 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Psychology</topic><topic>General aspects</topic><topic>geomorphology</topic><topic>Grasses</topic><topic>Introduced Species</topic><topic>invasive species</topic><topic>Nonnative species</topic><topic>Poaceae - classification</topic><topic>Poaceae - physiology</topic><topic>Sand</topic><topic>sediment deposition</topic><topic>sediment transport</topic><topic>Sediments</topic><topic>Silicon Dioxide</topic><topic>Species</topic><topic>Species Specificity</topic><topic>Tillers</topic><topic>Vegetation</topic><topic>wind tunnel</topic><topic>Wind tunnels</topic><topic>Wind velocity</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Zarnetske, Phoebe L.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Hacker, Sally D.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Seabloom, Eric W.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ruggiero, Peter</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Killian, Jason R.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Maddux, Timothy B.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Cox, Daniel</creatorcontrib><collection>Pascal-Francis</collection><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>Animal Behavior Abstracts</collection><collection>Ecology Abstracts</collection><collection>Entomology Abstracts (Full archive)</collection><collection>Environment Abstracts</collection><collection>Industrial and Applied Microbiology Abstracts (Microbiology A)</collection><collection>Technology Research Database</collection><collection>Environmental Sciences and Pollution Management</collection><collection>Engineering Research Database</collection><collection>ProQuest Health &amp; Medical Complete (Alumni)</collection><collection>Biotechnology and BioEngineering Abstracts</collection><collection>Genetics Abstracts</collection><collection>Environment Abstracts</collection><collection>Meteorological &amp; Geoastrophysical Abstracts</collection><collection>Meteorological &amp; Geoastrophysical Abstracts - Academic</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><jtitle>Ecology (Durham)</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Zarnetske, Phoebe L.</au><au>Hacker, Sally D.</au><au>Seabloom, Eric W.</au><au>Ruggiero, Peter</au><au>Killian, Jason R.</au><au>Maddux, Timothy B.</au><au>Cox, Daniel</au><au>Yavitt, JB</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Biophysical feedback mediates effects of invasive grasses on coastal dune shape</atitle><jtitle>Ecology (Durham)</jtitle><addtitle>Ecology</addtitle><date>2012-06</date><risdate>2012</risdate><volume>93</volume><issue>6</issue><spage>1439</spage><epage>1450</epage><pages>1439-1450</pages><issn>0012-9658</issn><eissn>1939-9170</eissn><coden>ECGYAQ</coden><abstract>Vegetation at the aquatic-terrestrial interface can alter landscape features through its growth and interactions with sediment and fluids. Even similar species may impart different effects due to variation in their interactions and feedbacks with the environment. Consequently, replacement of one engineering species by another can cause significant change in the physical environment. Here we investigate the species-specific ecological mechanisms influencing the geomorphology of U.S. Pacific Northwest coastal dunes. Over the last century, this system changed from open, shifting sand dunes with sparse vegetation (including native beach grass, Elymus mollis ), to densely vegetated continuous foredune ridges resulting from the introduction and subsequent invasions of two nonnative grass species ( Ammophila arenaria and Ammophila breviligulata ), each of which is associated with different dune shapes and sediment supply rates along the coast. Here we propose a biophysical feedback responsible for differences in dune shape, and we investigate two, non-mutually exclusive ecological mechanisms for these differences: (1) species differ in their ability to capture sand and (2) species differ in their growth habit in response to sand deposition. To investigate sand capture, we used a moveable bed wind tunnel experiment and found that increasing tiller density increased sand capture efficiency and that, under different experimental densities, the native grass had higher sand capture efficiency compared to the Ammophila congeners. However, the greater densities of nonnative grasses under field conditions suggest that they have greater potential to capture more sand overall. 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subjects Ammophila
Ammophila arenaria
Ammophila breviligulata
Animal and plant ecology
Animal, plant and microbial ecology
Arenaria
Biological and medical sciences
Coastal ecology
Dunes
Ecology
ecomorphology
Ecosystem
ecosystem engineer
ecosystem service
Ecosystem services
Elymus mollis
foredune
Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology
General aspects
geomorphology
Grasses
Introduced Species
invasive species
Nonnative species
Poaceae - classification
Poaceae - physiology
Sand
sediment deposition
sediment transport
Sediments
Silicon Dioxide
Species
Species Specificity
Tillers
Vegetation
wind tunnel
Wind tunnels
Wind velocity
title Biophysical feedback mediates effects of invasive grasses on coastal dune shape
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