The 2010 Mw 7.8 Mentawai earthquake: Very shallow source of a rare tsunami earthquake determined from tsunami field survey and near-field GPS data
The Mw 7.8 October 2010 Mentawai, Indonesia, earthquake was a “tsunami earthquake,” a rare type of earthquake that generates a tsunami much larger than expected based on the seismic magnitude. It produced a locally devastating tsunami, with runup commonly in excess of 6 m. We examine this event usin...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth 2012-06, Vol.117 (B6), p.n/a |
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| creator | Hill, Emma M. Borrero, Jose C. Huang, Zhenhua Qiu, Qiang Banerjee, Paramesh Natawidjaja, Danny H. Elosegui, Pedro Fritz, Hermann M. Suwargadi, Bambang W. Pranantyo, Ignatius Ryan Li, LinLin Macpherson, Kenneth A. Skanavis, Vassilis Synolakis, Costas E. Sieh, Kerry |
| description | The Mw 7.8 October 2010 Mentawai, Indonesia, earthquake was a “tsunami earthquake,” a rare type of earthquake that generates a tsunami much larger than expected based on the seismic magnitude. It produced a locally devastating tsunami, with runup commonly in excess of 6 m. We examine this event using a combination of high‐rate GPS data, from instruments located on the nearby islands, and a tsunami field survey. The GPS displacement time series are deficient in high‐frequency energy, and show small coseismic displacements ( |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1029/2012JB009159 |
| format | Article |
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Key Points
This event ruptured a very shallow area of the Sunda megathrust
This shallow area was previously thought to be aseismic
A combination of GPS and tsunami data were required to understand this event</description><identifier>ISSN: 0148-0227</identifier><identifier>ISSN: 2169-9313</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 2156-2202</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 2169-9356</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1029/2012JB009159</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Washington, DC: Blackwell Publishing Ltd</publisher><subject>Earth sciences ; Earth, ocean, space ; earthquake ; Earthquakes ; Exact sciences and technology ; Geodetics ; Geophysics ; Global positioning systems ; GPS ; Islands ; Physical oceanography ; Plate tectonics ; Rock deformation ; Seismic activity ; Seismic hazard ; Seismology ; subduction ; Sumatra ; tectonics ; tsunami ; Tsunamis ; Weather hazards</subject><ispartof>Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth, 2012-06, Vol.117 (B6), p.n/a</ispartof><rights>Copyright 2012 by the American Geophysical Union</rights><rights>2015 INIST-CNRS</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c3570-23728942fb65876a55291a03e8e54b7791ba2cdf0678984f9e3466f4518f205b3</citedby></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1029%2F2012JB009159$$EPDF$$P50$$Gwiley$$H</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1029%2F2012JB009159$$EHTML$$P50$$Gwiley$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>314,776,780,1411,1427,11493,27901,27902,45550,45551,46384,46443,46808,46867</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttp://pascal-francis.inist.fr/vibad/index.php?action=getRecordDetail&idt=26363709$$DView record in Pascal Francis$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Hill, Emma M.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Borrero, Jose C.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Huang, Zhenhua</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Qiu, Qiang</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Banerjee, Paramesh</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Natawidjaja, Danny H.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Elosegui, Pedro</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Fritz, Hermann M.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Suwargadi, Bambang W.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Pranantyo, Ignatius Ryan</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Li, LinLin</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Macpherson, Kenneth A.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Skanavis, Vassilis</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Synolakis, Costas E.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Sieh, Kerry</creatorcontrib><title>The 2010 Mw 7.8 Mentawai earthquake: Very shallow source of a rare tsunami earthquake determined from tsunami field survey and near-field GPS data</title><title>Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth</title><addtitle>J. Geophys. Res</addtitle><description>The Mw 7.8 October 2010 Mentawai, Indonesia, earthquake was a “tsunami earthquake,” a rare type of earthquake that generates a tsunami much larger than expected based on the seismic magnitude. It produced a locally devastating tsunami, with runup commonly in excess of 6 m. We examine this event using a combination of high‐rate GPS data, from instruments located on the nearby islands, and a tsunami field survey. The GPS displacement time series are deficient in high‐frequency energy, and show small coseismic displacements (<22 cm horizontal and <4 cm subsidence). The field survey shows that maximum tsunami runup was >16 m. Our modeling results show that the combination of the small GPS displacements and large tsunami can only be explained by high fault slip at very shallow depths, far from the islands and close to the oceanic trench. Inelastic uplift of trench sediments likely contributed to the size of the tsunami. Recent results for the 2011 Mw 9.0 Tohoko‐Oki earthquake have also shown shallow fault slip, but the results from our study, which involves a smaller earthquake, provide much stronger constraints on how shallow the rupture can be, with the majority of slip for the Mentawai earthquake occurring at depths of <6 km. This result challenges the conventional wisdom that the shallow tips of subduction megathrusts are aseismic, and therefore raises important questions both about the mechanical properties of the shallow fault zone and the potential seismic and tsunami hazard of this shallow region.
Key Points
This event ruptured a very shallow area of the Sunda megathrust
This shallow area was previously thought to be aseismic
A combination of GPS and tsunami data were required to understand this event</description><subject>Earth sciences</subject><subject>Earth, ocean, space</subject><subject>earthquake</subject><subject>Earthquakes</subject><subject>Exact sciences and technology</subject><subject>Geodetics</subject><subject>Geophysics</subject><subject>Global positioning systems</subject><subject>GPS</subject><subject>Islands</subject><subject>Physical oceanography</subject><subject>Plate tectonics</subject><subject>Rock deformation</subject><subject>Seismic activity</subject><subject>Seismic hazard</subject><subject>Seismology</subject><subject>subduction</subject><subject>Sumatra</subject><subject>tectonics</subject><subject>tsunami</subject><subject>Tsunamis</subject><subject>Weather 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2010 Mw 7.8 Mentawai earthquake: Very shallow source of a rare tsunami earthquake determined from tsunami field survey and near-field GPS data</title><author>Hill, Emma M. ; Borrero, Jose C. ; Huang, Zhenhua ; Qiu, Qiang ; Banerjee, Paramesh ; Natawidjaja, Danny H. ; Elosegui, Pedro ; Fritz, Hermann M. ; Suwargadi, Bambang W. ; Pranantyo, Ignatius Ryan ; Li, LinLin ; Macpherson, Kenneth A. ; Skanavis, Vassilis ; Synolakis, Costas E. ; Sieh, Kerry</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c3570-23728942fb65876a55291a03e8e54b7791ba2cdf0678984f9e3466f4518f205b3</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2012</creationdate><topic>Earth sciences</topic><topic>Earth, ocean, space</topic><topic>earthquake</topic><topic>Earthquakes</topic><topic>Exact sciences and technology</topic><topic>Geodetics</topic><topic>Geophysics</topic><topic>Global positioning systems</topic><topic>GPS</topic><topic>Islands</topic><topic>Physical oceanography</topic><topic>Plate tectonics</topic><topic>Rock deformation</topic><topic>Seismic activity</topic><topic>Seismic hazard</topic><topic>Seismology</topic><topic>subduction</topic><topic>Sumatra</topic><topic>tectonics</topic><topic>tsunami</topic><topic>Tsunamis</topic><topic>Weather hazards</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Hill, Emma M.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Borrero, Jose C.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Huang, Zhenhua</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Qiu, Qiang</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Banerjee, Paramesh</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Natawidjaja, Danny H.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Elosegui, Pedro</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Fritz, Hermann M.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Suwargadi, Bambang W.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Pranantyo, Ignatius Ryan</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Li, LinLin</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Macpherson, Kenneth A.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Skanavis, Vassilis</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Synolakis, Costas E.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Sieh, Kerry</creatorcontrib><collection>Istex</collection><collection>Pascal-Francis</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Corporate)</collection><collection>Environment Abstracts</collection><collection>Meteorological & Geoastrophysical Abstracts</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>Science Database (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>Technology Research Database</collection><collection>ProQuest SciTech Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Technology Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni) (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>Research Library (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>Materials Science & Engineering Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central 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earthquake: Very shallow source of a rare tsunami earthquake determined from tsunami field survey and near-field GPS data</atitle><jtitle>Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth</jtitle><addtitle>J. Geophys. Res</addtitle><date>2012-06</date><risdate>2012</risdate><volume>117</volume><issue>B6</issue><epage>n/a</epage><issn>0148-0227</issn><issn>2169-9313</issn><eissn>2156-2202</eissn><eissn>2169-9356</eissn><abstract>The Mw 7.8 October 2010 Mentawai, Indonesia, earthquake was a “tsunami earthquake,” a rare type of earthquake that generates a tsunami much larger than expected based on the seismic magnitude. It produced a locally devastating tsunami, with runup commonly in excess of 6 m. We examine this event using a combination of high‐rate GPS data, from instruments located on the nearby islands, and a tsunami field survey. The GPS displacement time series are deficient in high‐frequency energy, and show small coseismic displacements (<22 cm horizontal and <4 cm subsidence). The field survey shows that maximum tsunami runup was >16 m. Our modeling results show that the combination of the small GPS displacements and large tsunami can only be explained by high fault slip at very shallow depths, far from the islands and close to the oceanic trench. Inelastic uplift of trench sediments likely contributed to the size of the tsunami. Recent results for the 2011 Mw 9.0 Tohoko‐Oki earthquake have also shown shallow fault slip, but the results from our study, which involves a smaller earthquake, provide much stronger constraints on how shallow the rupture can be, with the majority of slip for the Mentawai earthquake occurring at depths of <6 km. This result challenges the conventional wisdom that the shallow tips of subduction megathrusts are aseismic, and therefore raises important questions both about the mechanical properties of the shallow fault zone and the potential seismic and tsunami hazard of this shallow region.
Key Points
This event ruptured a very shallow area of the Sunda megathrust
This shallow area was previously thought to be aseismic
A combination of GPS and tsunami data were required to understand this event</abstract><cop>Washington, DC</cop><pub>Blackwell Publishing Ltd</pub><doi>10.1029/2012JB009159</doi><tpages>21</tpages><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
| fulltext | fulltext |
| identifier | ISSN: 0148-0227 |
| ispartof | Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth, 2012-06, Vol.117 (B6), p.n/a |
| issn | 0148-0227 2169-9313 2156-2202 2169-9356 |
| language | eng |
| recordid | cdi_proquest_journals_1020774725 |
| source | Wiley Online Library; Wiley Online Library Journals; Wiley-Blackwell AGU Digital Archive; Alma/SFX Local Collection |
| subjects | Earth sciences Earth, ocean, space earthquake Earthquakes Exact sciences and technology Geodetics Geophysics Global positioning systems GPS Islands Physical oceanography Plate tectonics Rock deformation Seismic activity Seismic hazard Seismology subduction Sumatra tectonics tsunami Tsunamis Weather hazards |
| title | The 2010 Mw 7.8 Mentawai earthquake: Very shallow source of a rare tsunami earthquake determined from tsunami field survey and near-field GPS data |
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