β -Catenin is Essential for Patterning the Maternally Specified Animal-Vegetal Axis in the Sea Urchin Embryo
In sea urchin embryos, the animal-vegetal axis is specified during oogenesis. After fertilization, this axis is patterned to produce five distinct territories by the 60-cell stage. Territorial specification is thought to occur by a signal transduction cascade that is initiated by the large micromere...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences - PNAS 1998-08, Vol.95 (16), p.9343-9348 |
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| creator | Wikramanayake, Athula H. Huang, Ling Klein, William H. |
| description | In sea urchin embryos, the animal-vegetal axis is specified during oogenesis. After fertilization, this axis is patterned to produce five distinct territories by the 60-cell stage. Territorial specification is thought to occur by a signal transduction cascade that is initiated by the large micromeres located at the vegetal pole. The molecular mechanisms that mediate the specification events along the animal-vegetal axis in sea urchin embryos are largely unknown. Nuclear β -catenin is seen in vegetal cells of the early embryo, suggesting that this protein plays a role in specifying vegetal cell fates. Here, we test this hypothesis and show that β -catenin is necessary for vegetal plate specification and is also sufficient for endoderm formation. In addition, we show that β -catenin has pronounced effects on animal blastomeres and is critical for specification of aboral ectoderm and for ectoderm patterning, presumably via a noncell-autonomous mechanism. These results support a model in which a Wnt-like signal released by vegetal cells patterns the early embryo along the animal-vegetal axis. Our results also reveal similarities between the sea urchin animal-vegetal axis and the vertebrate dorsal-ventral axis, suggesting that these axes share a common evolutionary origin. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1073/pnas.95.16.9343 |
| format | Article |
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After fertilization, this axis is patterned to produce five distinct territories by the 60-cell stage. Territorial specification is thought to occur by a signal transduction cascade that is initiated by the large micromeres located at the vegetal pole. The molecular mechanisms that mediate the specification events along the animal-vegetal axis in sea urchin embryos are largely unknown. Nuclear β -catenin is seen in vegetal cells of the early embryo, suggesting that this protein plays a role in specifying vegetal cell fates. Here, we test this hypothesis and show that β -catenin is necessary for vegetal plate specification and is also sufficient for endoderm formation. In addition, we show that β -catenin has pronounced effects on animal blastomeres and is critical for specification of aboral ectoderm and for ectoderm patterning, presumably via a noncell-autonomous mechanism. These results support a model in which a Wnt-like signal released by vegetal cells patterns the early embryo along the animal-vegetal axis. Our results also reveal similarities between the sea urchin animal-vegetal axis and the vertebrate dorsal-ventral axis, suggesting that these axes share a common evolutionary origin.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0027-8424</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1091-6490</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1073/pnas.95.16.9343</identifier><identifier>PMID: 9689082</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>United States: National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America</publisher><subject>Animals ; beta Catenin ; Biochemistry ; Biological Sciences ; Body Patterning ; Cell nucleus ; Cellular biology ; Cytoskeletal Proteins - metabolism ; Ectoderm ; Ectoderm - cytology ; Embryo, Nonmammalian ; Embryos ; Endoderm ; Endoderm - cytology ; Female ; Genomic Imprinting ; Invertebrates ; Lithium ; Lithium - pharmacology ; Prenatal development ; Reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction ; RNA ; Sea urchins ; Sea Urchins - embryology ; Signal Transduction ; Trans-Activators ; Zygotes</subject><ispartof>Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences - PNAS, 1998-08, Vol.95 (16), p.9343-9348</ispartof><rights>Copyright 1993-1998 National Academy of Sciences</rights><rights>Copyright National Academy of Sciences Aug 4, 1998</rights><rights>Copyright © 1998, The National Academy of Sciences 1998</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c487t-4521f3e7e138a2e7a4dae44ec0ee2f1c1164820f15b9142376138cd76170525a3</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c487t-4521f3e7e138a2e7a4dae44ec0ee2f1c1164820f15b9142376138cd76170525a3</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Uhttp://www.pnas.org/content/95/16.cover.gif</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://www.jstor.org/stable/pdf/45476$$EPDF$$P50$$Gjstor$$H</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://www.jstor.org/stable/45476$$EHTML$$P50$$Gjstor$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>230,314,723,776,780,799,881,27901,27902,53766,53768,57992,58225</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9689082$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Wikramanayake, Athula H.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Huang, Ling</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Klein, William H.</creatorcontrib><title>β -Catenin is Essential for Patterning the Maternally Specified Animal-Vegetal Axis in the Sea Urchin Embryo</title><title>Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences - PNAS</title><addtitle>Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A</addtitle><description>In sea urchin embryos, the animal-vegetal axis is specified during oogenesis. After fertilization, this axis is patterned to produce five distinct territories by the 60-cell stage. Territorial specification is thought to occur by a signal transduction cascade that is initiated by the large micromeres located at the vegetal pole. The molecular mechanisms that mediate the specification events along the animal-vegetal axis in sea urchin embryos are largely unknown. Nuclear β -catenin is seen in vegetal cells of the early embryo, suggesting that this protein plays a role in specifying vegetal cell fates. Here, we test this hypothesis and show that β -catenin is necessary for vegetal plate specification and is also sufficient for endoderm formation. In addition, we show that β -catenin has pronounced effects on animal blastomeres and is critical for specification of aboral ectoderm and for ectoderm patterning, presumably via a noncell-autonomous mechanism. These results support a model in which a Wnt-like signal released by vegetal cells patterns the early embryo along the animal-vegetal axis. Our results also reveal similarities between the sea urchin animal-vegetal axis and the vertebrate dorsal-ventral axis, suggesting that these axes share a common evolutionary origin.</description><subject>Animals</subject><subject>beta Catenin</subject><subject>Biochemistry</subject><subject>Biological Sciences</subject><subject>Body Patterning</subject><subject>Cell nucleus</subject><subject>Cellular biology</subject><subject>Cytoskeletal Proteins - metabolism</subject><subject>Ectoderm</subject><subject>Ectoderm - cytology</subject><subject>Embryo, Nonmammalian</subject><subject>Embryos</subject><subject>Endoderm</subject><subject>Endoderm - cytology</subject><subject>Female</subject><subject>Genomic Imprinting</subject><subject>Invertebrates</subject><subject>Lithium</subject><subject>Lithium - pharmacology</subject><subject>Prenatal development</subject><subject>Reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction</subject><subject>RNA</subject><subject>Sea urchins</subject><subject>Sea Urchins - embryology</subject><subject>Signal Transduction</subject><subject>Trans-Activators</subject><subject>Zygotes</subject><issn>0027-8424</issn><issn>1091-6490</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>1998</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><recordid>eNp9kc2KE0EUhQtRxji6FgSlcDGuOnPrt7vBTQhxHBhRGMdtUencTjpUd8eqapm8lg_iM1lNQphx4epyOd853KpDyGsGUwa5uNx1NkxLNWV6WgopnpAJg5JlWpbwlEwAeJ4Vksvn5EUIWwAoVQFn5KzURQkFn5D2z2-azW3EruloE-giBOxiYx2te0-_2RjRJ2lN4wbpFztu1rk9vd1h1dQNruisa1rrsh-4xphss_uUkrJG_hYtvfPVJq2Ldun3_UvyrLYu4KvjPCd3nxbf55-zm69X1_PZTVbJIo-ZVJzVAnNkorAccytXFqXEChB5zSrGtCw41EwtSya5yHUCq1UaOSiurDgnHw-5u2HZ4qpKT_LWmZ1Pp_q96W1jHitdszHr_pfhTEhI9ouj3fc_BwzRtE2o0DnbYT8EUwBIraVM4Pt_wG0_jD8UDAcmhNJ6TLs8QJXvQ_BYn-5gYMYSzViiKZVh2owlJsfbh-ef-GNrSX931EfjSX0Y8OG_gKkH5yLex0S-OZDbEHt_QqWSuRZ_AaYDuhA</recordid><startdate>19980804</startdate><enddate>19980804</enddate><creator>Wikramanayake, Athula H.</creator><creator>Huang, Ling</creator><creator>Klein, William H.</creator><general>National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America</general><general>National Acad Sciences</general><general>National Academy of Sciences</general><general>The National Academy of Sciences</general><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7QG</scope><scope>7QL</scope><scope>7QP</scope><scope>7QR</scope><scope>7SN</scope><scope>7SS</scope><scope>7T5</scope><scope>7TK</scope><scope>7TM</scope><scope>7TO</scope><scope>7U9</scope><scope>8FD</scope><scope>C1K</scope><scope>FR3</scope><scope>H94</scope><scope>M7N</scope><scope>P64</scope><scope>RC3</scope><scope>7X8</scope><scope>5PM</scope></search><sort><creationdate>19980804</creationdate><title>β -Catenin is Essential for Patterning the Maternally Specified Animal-Vegetal Axis in the Sea Urchin Embryo</title><author>Wikramanayake, Athula H. ; Huang, Ling ; Klein, William H.</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c487t-4521f3e7e138a2e7a4dae44ec0ee2f1c1164820f15b9142376138cd76170525a3</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>1998</creationdate><topic>Animals</topic><topic>beta Catenin</topic><topic>Biochemistry</topic><topic>Biological Sciences</topic><topic>Body Patterning</topic><topic>Cell nucleus</topic><topic>Cellular biology</topic><topic>Cytoskeletal Proteins - metabolism</topic><topic>Ectoderm</topic><topic>Ectoderm - cytology</topic><topic>Embryo, Nonmammalian</topic><topic>Embryos</topic><topic>Endoderm</topic><topic>Endoderm - cytology</topic><topic>Female</topic><topic>Genomic Imprinting</topic><topic>Invertebrates</topic><topic>Lithium</topic><topic>Lithium - pharmacology</topic><topic>Prenatal development</topic><topic>Reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction</topic><topic>RNA</topic><topic>Sea urchins</topic><topic>Sea Urchins - embryology</topic><topic>Signal Transduction</topic><topic>Trans-Activators</topic><topic>Zygotes</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Wikramanayake, Athula H.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Huang, Ling</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Klein, William H.</creatorcontrib><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>Animal Behavior Abstracts</collection><collection>Bacteriology Abstracts (Microbiology B)</collection><collection>Calcium & Calcified Tissue Abstracts</collection><collection>Chemoreception Abstracts</collection><collection>Ecology Abstracts</collection><collection>Entomology Abstracts (Full archive)</collection><collection>Immunology Abstracts</collection><collection>Neurosciences Abstracts</collection><collection>Nucleic Acids Abstracts</collection><collection>Oncogenes and Growth Factors Abstracts</collection><collection>Virology and AIDS Abstracts</collection><collection>Technology Research Database</collection><collection>Environmental Sciences and Pollution Management</collection><collection>Engineering Research Database</collection><collection>AIDS and Cancer Research Abstracts</collection><collection>Algology Mycology and Protozoology Abstracts (Microbiology C)</collection><collection>Biotechnology and BioEngineering Abstracts</collection><collection>Genetics Abstracts</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><collection>PubMed Central (Full Participant titles)</collection><jtitle>Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences - PNAS</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Wikramanayake, Athula H.</au><au>Huang, Ling</au><au>Klein, William H.</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>β -Catenin is Essential for Patterning the Maternally Specified Animal-Vegetal Axis in the Sea Urchin Embryo</atitle><jtitle>Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences - PNAS</jtitle><addtitle>Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A</addtitle><date>1998-08-04</date><risdate>1998</risdate><volume>95</volume><issue>16</issue><spage>9343</spage><epage>9348</epage><pages>9343-9348</pages><issn>0027-8424</issn><eissn>1091-6490</eissn><abstract>In sea urchin embryos, the animal-vegetal axis is specified during oogenesis. After fertilization, this axis is patterned to produce five distinct territories by the 60-cell stage. Territorial specification is thought to occur by a signal transduction cascade that is initiated by the large micromeres located at the vegetal pole. The molecular mechanisms that mediate the specification events along the animal-vegetal axis in sea urchin embryos are largely unknown. Nuclear β -catenin is seen in vegetal cells of the early embryo, suggesting that this protein plays a role in specifying vegetal cell fates. Here, we test this hypothesis and show that β -catenin is necessary for vegetal plate specification and is also sufficient for endoderm formation. In addition, we show that β -catenin has pronounced effects on animal blastomeres and is critical for specification of aboral ectoderm and for ectoderm patterning, presumably via a noncell-autonomous mechanism. These results support a model in which a Wnt-like signal released by vegetal cells patterns the early embryo along the animal-vegetal axis. Our results also reveal similarities between the sea urchin animal-vegetal axis and the vertebrate dorsal-ventral axis, suggesting that these axes share a common evolutionary origin.</abstract><cop>United States</cop><pub>National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America</pub><pmid>9689082</pmid><doi>10.1073/pnas.95.16.9343</doi><tpages>6</tpages><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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| ispartof | Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences - PNAS, 1998-08, Vol.95 (16), p.9343-9348 |
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| source | Jstor Complete Legacy; MEDLINE; PubMed Central; Alma/SFX Local Collection; Free Full-Text Journals in Chemistry |
| subjects | Animals beta Catenin Biochemistry Biological Sciences Body Patterning Cell nucleus Cellular biology Cytoskeletal Proteins - metabolism Ectoderm Ectoderm - cytology Embryo, Nonmammalian Embryos Endoderm Endoderm - cytology Female Genomic Imprinting Invertebrates Lithium Lithium - pharmacology Prenatal development Reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction RNA Sea urchins Sea Urchins - embryology Signal Transduction Trans-Activators Zygotes |
| title | β -Catenin is Essential for Patterning the Maternally Specified Animal-Vegetal Axis in the Sea Urchin Embryo |
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