Oxytocin Releases Atrial Natriuretic Peptide by Combining with Oxytocin Receptors in the Heart
Previous studies indicated that the central nervous system induces release of the cardiac hormone atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) by release of oxytocin from the neurohypophysis. The presence of specific transcripts for the oxytocin receptor was demonstrated in all chambers of the heart by amplific...
Gespeichert in:
| Veröffentlicht in: | Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences - PNAS 1997-10, Vol.94 (21), p.11704-11709 |
|---|---|
| Hauptverfasser: | , , , , , |
| Format: | Artikel |
| Sprache: | eng |
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Volltext |
| Tags: |
Tag hinzufügen
Keine Tags, Fügen Sie den ersten Tag hinzu!
|
| container_end_page | 11709 |
|---|---|
| container_issue | 21 |
| container_start_page | 11704 |
| container_title | Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences - PNAS |
| container_volume | 94 |
| creator | Gutkowska, Jolanta Jankowski, Marek Lambert, Chantal Mukaddam-Daher, Suhayla Zingg, Hans H. McCann, Samuel M. |
| description | Previous studies indicated that the central nervous system induces release of the cardiac hormone atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) by release of oxytocin from the neurohypophysis. The presence of specific transcripts for the oxytocin receptor was demonstrated in all chambers of the heart by amplification of cDNA by the PCR using specific oligonucleotide primers. Oxytocin receptor mRNA content in the heart is 10 times lower than in the uterus of female rats. Oxytocin receptor transcripts were demonstrated by in situ hybridization in atrial and ventricular sections and confirmed by competitive binding assay using frozen heart sections. Perfusion of female rat hearts for 25 min with Krebs--Henseleit buffer resulted in nearly constant release of ANP. Addition of oxytocin (10-6M) significantly stimulated ANP release, and an oxytocin receptor antagonist (10-7and 10-6M) caused dose-related inhibition of oxytocin-induced ANP release and in the last few minutes of perfusion decreased ANP release below that in control hearts, suggesting that intracardiac oxytocin stimulates ANP release. In contrast, brain natriuretic peptide release was unaltered by oxytocin. During perfusion, heart rate decreased gradually and it was further decreased significantly by oxytocin (10-6M). This decrease was totally reversed by the oxytocin antagonist (10-6M) indicating that oxytocin released ANP that directly slowed the heart, probably by release of cyclic GMP. The results indicate that oxytocin receptors mediate the action of oxytocin to release ANP, which slows the heart and reduces its force of contraction to produce a rapid reduction in circulating blood volume. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1073/pnas.94.21.11704 |
| format | Article |
| fullrecord | <record><control><sourceid>jstor_pnas_</sourceid><recordid>TN_cdi_pnas_primary_94_21_11704</recordid><sourceformat>XML</sourceformat><sourcesystem>PC</sourcesystem><jstor_id>43350</jstor_id><sourcerecordid>43350</sourcerecordid><originalsourceid>FETCH-LOGICAL-c523t-466ebabde96c216458ecb5e0bc5b13cf9dd67cfcf9964b5401b08f594112aa353</originalsourceid><addsrcrecordid>eNqFkc1vEzEQxVcIVNLCHSEhrB4Qlw3jz40lLlUEFKmiCMEVy3ZmG0eb3WB7ofnvcUgUtRzgNLbe741m5lXVMwpTCg1_s-ltmmoxZXRKaQPiQTWhoGmthIaH1QSANfVMMPG4Ok1pBQBazuCkOtGcKdWISfX9-nabBx968gU7tAkTucgx2I58sqWOEXPw5DNuclggcVsyH9Yu9KG_Ib9CXpI7dl-gISZSPnmJ5BJtzE-qR63tEj491LPq2_t3X-eX9dX1h4_zi6vaS8ZzLZRCZ90CtfKMKiFn6J1EcF46yn2rFwvV-LY8tBJOCqAOZq3UglJmLZf8rHq777sZ3RoXHvscbWc2Maxt3JrBBnNf6cPS3Aw_DeMKWLG_Otjj8GPElM06JI9dZ3scxmSaci8paPNfkCqmSjC7jud_gathjH25gWFAOSgmeIFgD_k4pBSxPQ5MwezyNbt8jRaGUfMn32J5cXfRo-EQaNFfHvSd86je6_D634Rpx67LeJsL-nyPrlJJ9siWySXw325pxD0</addsrcrecordid><sourcetype>Open Access Repository</sourcetype><iscdi>true</iscdi><recordtype>article</recordtype><pqid>201306243</pqid></control><display><type>article</type><title>Oxytocin Releases Atrial Natriuretic Peptide by Combining with Oxytocin Receptors in the Heart</title><source>Jstor Complete Legacy</source><source>MEDLINE</source><source>PubMed Central</source><source>Alma/SFX Local Collection</source><source>Free Full-Text Journals in Chemistry</source><creator>Gutkowska, Jolanta ; Jankowski, Marek ; Lambert, Chantal ; Mukaddam-Daher, Suhayla ; Zingg, Hans H. ; McCann, Samuel M.</creator><creatorcontrib>Gutkowska, Jolanta ; Jankowski, Marek ; Lambert, Chantal ; Mukaddam-Daher, Suhayla ; Zingg, Hans H. ; McCann, Samuel M.</creatorcontrib><description>Previous studies indicated that the central nervous system induces release of the cardiac hormone atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) by release of oxytocin from the neurohypophysis. The presence of specific transcripts for the oxytocin receptor was demonstrated in all chambers of the heart by amplification of cDNA by the PCR using specific oligonucleotide primers. Oxytocin receptor mRNA content in the heart is 10 times lower than in the uterus of female rats. Oxytocin receptor transcripts were demonstrated by in situ hybridization in atrial and ventricular sections and confirmed by competitive binding assay using frozen heart sections. Perfusion of female rat hearts for 25 min with Krebs--Henseleit buffer resulted in nearly constant release of ANP. Addition of oxytocin (10-6M) significantly stimulated ANP release, and an oxytocin receptor antagonist (10-7and 10-6M) caused dose-related inhibition of oxytocin-induced ANP release and in the last few minutes of perfusion decreased ANP release below that in control hearts, suggesting that intracardiac oxytocin stimulates ANP release. In contrast, brain natriuretic peptide release was unaltered by oxytocin. During perfusion, heart rate decreased gradually and it was further decreased significantly by oxytocin (10-6M). This decrease was totally reversed by the oxytocin antagonist (10-6M) indicating that oxytocin released ANP that directly slowed the heart, probably by release of cyclic GMP. The results indicate that oxytocin receptors mediate the action of oxytocin to release ANP, which slows the heart and reduces its force of contraction to produce a rapid reduction in circulating blood volume.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0027-8424</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1091-6490</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1073/pnas.94.21.11704</identifier><identifier>PMID: 9326674</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>United States: National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America</publisher><subject>Animals ; Aorta - metabolism ; Atrial Natriuretic Factor - metabolism ; Biological Sciences ; Complementary DNA ; DNA Primers ; Drugs ; Female ; Heart ; Heart - drug effects ; Heart rate ; Hormones ; In Situ Hybridization ; Medical research ; Messenger RNA ; Models, Cardiovascular ; Myocardium - metabolism ; Natriuretic Peptide, Brain ; Nerve Tissue Proteins - metabolism ; Oxytocin - biosynthesis ; Oxytocin - metabolism ; Oxytocin - pharmacology ; Oxytocin receptors ; Perfusion ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Receptors, Oxytocin - biosynthesis ; Receptors, Oxytocin - drug effects ; Receptors, Oxytocin - physiology ; Reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction ; RNA, Messenger - biosynthesis ; Transcription, Genetic ; Uterus ; Uterus - metabolism</subject><ispartof>Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences - PNAS, 1997-10, Vol.94 (21), p.11704-11709</ispartof><rights>Copyright 1993-1997 National Academy of Sciences</rights><rights>Copyright National Academy of Sciences Oct 14, 1997</rights><rights>Copyright © 1997, The National Academy of Sciences of the USA 1997</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c523t-466ebabde96c216458ecb5e0bc5b13cf9dd67cfcf9964b5401b08f594112aa353</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c523t-466ebabde96c216458ecb5e0bc5b13cf9dd67cfcf9964b5401b08f594112aa353</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Uhttp://www.pnas.org/content/94/21.cover.gif</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://www.jstor.org/stable/pdf/43350$$EPDF$$P50$$Gjstor$$H</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://www.jstor.org/stable/43350$$EHTML$$P50$$Gjstor$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>230,314,723,776,780,799,881,27901,27902,53766,53768,57992,58225</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9326674$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Gutkowska, Jolanta</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Jankowski, Marek</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Lambert, Chantal</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Mukaddam-Daher, Suhayla</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Zingg, Hans H.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>McCann, Samuel M.</creatorcontrib><title>Oxytocin Releases Atrial Natriuretic Peptide by Combining with Oxytocin Receptors in the Heart</title><title>Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences - PNAS</title><addtitle>Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A</addtitle><description>Previous studies indicated that the central nervous system induces release of the cardiac hormone atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) by release of oxytocin from the neurohypophysis. The presence of specific transcripts for the oxytocin receptor was demonstrated in all chambers of the heart by amplification of cDNA by the PCR using specific oligonucleotide primers. Oxytocin receptor mRNA content in the heart is 10 times lower than in the uterus of female rats. Oxytocin receptor transcripts were demonstrated by in situ hybridization in atrial and ventricular sections and confirmed by competitive binding assay using frozen heart sections. Perfusion of female rat hearts for 25 min with Krebs--Henseleit buffer resulted in nearly constant release of ANP. Addition of oxytocin (10-6M) significantly stimulated ANP release, and an oxytocin receptor antagonist (10-7and 10-6M) caused dose-related inhibition of oxytocin-induced ANP release and in the last few minutes of perfusion decreased ANP release below that in control hearts, suggesting that intracardiac oxytocin stimulates ANP release. In contrast, brain natriuretic peptide release was unaltered by oxytocin. During perfusion, heart rate decreased gradually and it was further decreased significantly by oxytocin (10-6M). This decrease was totally reversed by the oxytocin antagonist (10-6M) indicating that oxytocin released ANP that directly slowed the heart, probably by release of cyclic GMP. The results indicate that oxytocin receptors mediate the action of oxytocin to release ANP, which slows the heart and reduces its force of contraction to produce a rapid reduction in circulating blood volume.</description><subject>Animals</subject><subject>Aorta - metabolism</subject><subject>Atrial Natriuretic Factor - metabolism</subject><subject>Biological Sciences</subject><subject>Complementary DNA</subject><subject>DNA Primers</subject><subject>Drugs</subject><subject>Female</subject><subject>Heart</subject><subject>Heart - drug effects</subject><subject>Heart rate</subject><subject>Hormones</subject><subject>In Situ Hybridization</subject><subject>Medical research</subject><subject>Messenger RNA</subject><subject>Models, Cardiovascular</subject><subject>Myocardium - metabolism</subject><subject>Natriuretic Peptide, Brain</subject><subject>Nerve Tissue Proteins - metabolism</subject><subject>Oxytocin - biosynthesis</subject><subject>Oxytocin - metabolism</subject><subject>Oxytocin - pharmacology</subject><subject>Oxytocin receptors</subject><subject>Perfusion</subject><subject>Polymerase Chain Reaction</subject><subject>Rats</subject><subject>Rats, Sprague-Dawley</subject><subject>Receptors, Oxytocin - biosynthesis</subject><subject>Receptors, Oxytocin - drug effects</subject><subject>Receptors, Oxytocin - physiology</subject><subject>Reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction</subject><subject>RNA, Messenger - biosynthesis</subject><subject>Transcription, Genetic</subject><subject>Uterus</subject><subject>Uterus - metabolism</subject><issn>0027-8424</issn><issn>1091-6490</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>1997</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><recordid>eNqFkc1vEzEQxVcIVNLCHSEhrB4Qlw3jz40lLlUEFKmiCMEVy3ZmG0eb3WB7ofnvcUgUtRzgNLbe741m5lXVMwpTCg1_s-ltmmoxZXRKaQPiQTWhoGmthIaH1QSANfVMMPG4Ok1pBQBazuCkOtGcKdWISfX9-nabBx968gU7tAkTucgx2I58sqWOEXPw5DNuclggcVsyH9Yu9KG_Ib9CXpI7dl-gISZSPnmJ5BJtzE-qR63tEj491LPq2_t3X-eX9dX1h4_zi6vaS8ZzLZRCZ90CtfKMKiFn6J1EcF46yn2rFwvV-LY8tBJOCqAOZq3UglJmLZf8rHq777sZ3RoXHvscbWc2Maxt3JrBBnNf6cPS3Aw_DeMKWLG_Otjj8GPElM06JI9dZ3scxmSaci8paPNfkCqmSjC7jud_gathjH25gWFAOSgmeIFgD_k4pBSxPQ5MwezyNbt8jRaGUfMn32J5cXfRo-EQaNFfHvSd86je6_D634Rpx67LeJsL-nyPrlJJ9siWySXw325pxD0</recordid><startdate>19971014</startdate><enddate>19971014</enddate><creator>Gutkowska, Jolanta</creator><creator>Jankowski, Marek</creator><creator>Lambert, Chantal</creator><creator>Mukaddam-Daher, Suhayla</creator><creator>Zingg, Hans H.</creator><creator>McCann, Samuel M.</creator><general>National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America</general><general>National Acad Sciences</general><general>National Academy of Sciences</general><general>The National Academy of Sciences of the USA</general><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7QG</scope><scope>7QL</scope><scope>7QP</scope><scope>7QR</scope><scope>7SN</scope><scope>7SS</scope><scope>7T5</scope><scope>7TK</scope><scope>7TM</scope><scope>7TO</scope><scope>7U9</scope><scope>8FD</scope><scope>C1K</scope><scope>FR3</scope><scope>H94</scope><scope>M7N</scope><scope>P64</scope><scope>RC3</scope><scope>7X8</scope><scope>5PM</scope></search><sort><creationdate>19971014</creationdate><title>Oxytocin Releases Atrial Natriuretic Peptide by Combining with Oxytocin Receptors in the Heart</title><author>Gutkowska, Jolanta ; Jankowski, Marek ; Lambert, Chantal ; Mukaddam-Daher, Suhayla ; Zingg, Hans H. ; McCann, Samuel M.</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c523t-466ebabde96c216458ecb5e0bc5b13cf9dd67cfcf9964b5401b08f594112aa353</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>1997</creationdate><topic>Animals</topic><topic>Aorta - metabolism</topic><topic>Atrial Natriuretic Factor - metabolism</topic><topic>Biological Sciences</topic><topic>Complementary DNA</topic><topic>DNA Primers</topic><topic>Drugs</topic><topic>Female</topic><topic>Heart</topic><topic>Heart - drug effects</topic><topic>Heart rate</topic><topic>Hormones</topic><topic>In Situ Hybridization</topic><topic>Medical research</topic><topic>Messenger RNA</topic><topic>Models, Cardiovascular</topic><topic>Myocardium - metabolism</topic><topic>Natriuretic Peptide, Brain</topic><topic>Nerve Tissue Proteins - metabolism</topic><topic>Oxytocin - biosynthesis</topic><topic>Oxytocin - metabolism</topic><topic>Oxytocin - pharmacology</topic><topic>Oxytocin receptors</topic><topic>Perfusion</topic><topic>Polymerase Chain Reaction</topic><topic>Rats</topic><topic>Rats, Sprague-Dawley</topic><topic>Receptors, Oxytocin - biosynthesis</topic><topic>Receptors, Oxytocin - drug effects</topic><topic>Receptors, Oxytocin - physiology</topic><topic>Reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction</topic><topic>RNA, Messenger - biosynthesis</topic><topic>Transcription, Genetic</topic><topic>Uterus</topic><topic>Uterus - metabolism</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Gutkowska, Jolanta</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Jankowski, Marek</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Lambert, Chantal</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Mukaddam-Daher, Suhayla</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Zingg, Hans H.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>McCann, Samuel M.</creatorcontrib><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>Animal Behavior Abstracts</collection><collection>Bacteriology Abstracts (Microbiology B)</collection><collection>Calcium & Calcified Tissue Abstracts</collection><collection>Chemoreception Abstracts</collection><collection>Ecology Abstracts</collection><collection>Entomology Abstracts (Full archive)</collection><collection>Immunology Abstracts</collection><collection>Neurosciences Abstracts</collection><collection>Nucleic Acids Abstracts</collection><collection>Oncogenes and Growth Factors Abstracts</collection><collection>Virology and AIDS Abstracts</collection><collection>Technology Research Database</collection><collection>Environmental Sciences and Pollution Management</collection><collection>Engineering Research Database</collection><collection>AIDS and Cancer Research Abstracts</collection><collection>Algology Mycology and Protozoology Abstracts (Microbiology C)</collection><collection>Biotechnology and BioEngineering Abstracts</collection><collection>Genetics Abstracts</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><collection>PubMed Central (Full Participant titles)</collection><jtitle>Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences - PNAS</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Gutkowska, Jolanta</au><au>Jankowski, Marek</au><au>Lambert, Chantal</au><au>Mukaddam-Daher, Suhayla</au><au>Zingg, Hans H.</au><au>McCann, Samuel M.</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Oxytocin Releases Atrial Natriuretic Peptide by Combining with Oxytocin Receptors in the Heart</atitle><jtitle>Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences - PNAS</jtitle><addtitle>Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A</addtitle><date>1997-10-14</date><risdate>1997</risdate><volume>94</volume><issue>21</issue><spage>11704</spage><epage>11709</epage><pages>11704-11709</pages><issn>0027-8424</issn><eissn>1091-6490</eissn><abstract>Previous studies indicated that the central nervous system induces release of the cardiac hormone atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) by release of oxytocin from the neurohypophysis. The presence of specific transcripts for the oxytocin receptor was demonstrated in all chambers of the heart by amplification of cDNA by the PCR using specific oligonucleotide primers. Oxytocin receptor mRNA content in the heart is 10 times lower than in the uterus of female rats. Oxytocin receptor transcripts were demonstrated by in situ hybridization in atrial and ventricular sections and confirmed by competitive binding assay using frozen heart sections. Perfusion of female rat hearts for 25 min with Krebs--Henseleit buffer resulted in nearly constant release of ANP. Addition of oxytocin (10-6M) significantly stimulated ANP release, and an oxytocin receptor antagonist (10-7and 10-6M) caused dose-related inhibition of oxytocin-induced ANP release and in the last few minutes of perfusion decreased ANP release below that in control hearts, suggesting that intracardiac oxytocin stimulates ANP release. In contrast, brain natriuretic peptide release was unaltered by oxytocin. During perfusion, heart rate decreased gradually and it was further decreased significantly by oxytocin (10-6M). This decrease was totally reversed by the oxytocin antagonist (10-6M) indicating that oxytocin released ANP that directly slowed the heart, probably by release of cyclic GMP. The results indicate that oxytocin receptors mediate the action of oxytocin to release ANP, which slows the heart and reduces its force of contraction to produce a rapid reduction in circulating blood volume.</abstract><cop>United States</cop><pub>National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America</pub><pmid>9326674</pmid><doi>10.1073/pnas.94.21.11704</doi><tpages>6</tpages><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
| fulltext | fulltext |
| identifier | ISSN: 0027-8424 |
| ispartof | Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences - PNAS, 1997-10, Vol.94 (21), p.11704-11709 |
| issn | 0027-8424 1091-6490 |
| language | eng |
| recordid | cdi_pnas_primary_94_21_11704 |
| source | Jstor Complete Legacy; MEDLINE; PubMed Central; Alma/SFX Local Collection; Free Full-Text Journals in Chemistry |
| subjects | Animals Aorta - metabolism Atrial Natriuretic Factor - metabolism Biological Sciences Complementary DNA DNA Primers Drugs Female Heart Heart - drug effects Heart rate Hormones In Situ Hybridization Medical research Messenger RNA Models, Cardiovascular Myocardium - metabolism Natriuretic Peptide, Brain Nerve Tissue Proteins - metabolism Oxytocin - biosynthesis Oxytocin - metabolism Oxytocin - pharmacology Oxytocin receptors Perfusion Polymerase Chain Reaction Rats Rats, Sprague-Dawley Receptors, Oxytocin - biosynthesis Receptors, Oxytocin - drug effects Receptors, Oxytocin - physiology Reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction RNA, Messenger - biosynthesis Transcription, Genetic Uterus Uterus - metabolism |
| title | Oxytocin Releases Atrial Natriuretic Peptide by Combining with Oxytocin Receptors in the Heart |
| url | https://sfx.bib-bvb.de/sfx_tum?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&ctx_tim=2025-02-08T15%3A48%3A31IST&url_ver=Z39.88-2004&url_ctx_fmt=infofi/fmt:kev:mtx:ctx&rfr_id=info:sid/primo.exlibrisgroup.com:primo3-Article-jstor_pnas_&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Oxytocin%20Releases%20Atrial%20Natriuretic%20Peptide%20by%20Combining%20with%20Oxytocin%20Receptors%20in%20the%20Heart&rft.jtitle=Proceedings%20of%20the%20National%20Academy%20of%20Sciences%20-%20PNAS&rft.au=Gutkowska,%20Jolanta&rft.date=1997-10-14&rft.volume=94&rft.issue=21&rft.spage=11704&rft.epage=11709&rft.pages=11704-11709&rft.issn=0027-8424&rft.eissn=1091-6490&rft_id=info:doi/10.1073/pnas.94.21.11704&rft_dat=%3Cjstor_pnas_%3E43350%3C/jstor_pnas_%3E%3Curl%3E%3C/url%3E&disable_directlink=true&sfx.directlink=off&sfx.report_link=0&rft_id=info:oai/&rft_pqid=201306243&rft_id=info:pmid/9326674&rft_jstor_id=43350&rfr_iscdi=true |