Relief of Opsin Desensitization and Prolonged Excitation of Rod Photoreceptors by 9-Desmethylretinal
The 9-methyl group of 11-cis-retinal plays a crucial role in photoexcitation of the visual pigment rhodopsin. A hydrogen-substituted analogue, 11-cis-9-desmethylretinal, combines with opsin to form a pigment that produces abnormal photoproducts and diminished activation of the GTP-binding protein tr...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences - PNAS 1994-07, Vol.91 (15), p.6958-6962 |
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| container_title | Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences - PNAS |
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| creator | Corson, D. Wesley Cornwall, M. Carter MacNichol, Edward F. Tsang, Susy Derguini, Fadila Crouch, Rosalie K. Nakanishi, Koji |
| description | The 9-methyl group of 11-cis-retinal plays a crucial role in photoexcitation of the visual pigment rhodopsin. A hydrogen-substituted analogue, 11-cis-9-desmethylretinal, combines with opsin to form a pigment that produces abnormal photoproducts and diminished activation of the GTP-binding protein transducin in vitro. We have measured the formation of this analogue pigment in bleached salamander rods and determined the size and shape of its quantal response. In addition, we have characterized the influence of opsin and newly formed analogue pigment on the quantal response to native porphyropsin. We find that, as 11-cis-9-desmethylretinal combines with opsin in bleached rods, the amplitude of the quantal response from residual native pigment is elevated by ≈ 7.5-fold to 0.15 ± 0.09 pA, a value close to the amplitude of the quantal response before bleach (0.31 ± 0.10 pA). When activated by light, the new analogue pigment produces a quantal response that is ≈ 30-fold smaller and decays ≈ 5 times more slowly than that of native pigment in unbleached cells. We conclude that the 9-methyl group of retinal is not critical for conversion of opsin to its nondesensitizing state but that it is critical for the normal processes of activation and deactivation of metarhodopsin that give rise to the quantal response. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1073/pnas.91.15.6958 |
| format | Article |
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Wesley ; Cornwall, M. Carter ; MacNichol, Edward F. ; Tsang, Susy ; Derguini, Fadila ; Crouch, Rosalie K. ; Nakanishi, Koji</creator><creatorcontrib>Corson, D. Wesley ; Cornwall, M. Carter ; MacNichol, Edward F. ; Tsang, Susy ; Derguini, Fadila ; Crouch, Rosalie K. ; Nakanishi, Koji</creatorcontrib><description>The 9-methyl group of 11-cis-retinal plays a crucial role in photoexcitation of the visual pigment rhodopsin. A hydrogen-substituted analogue, 11-cis-9-desmethylretinal, combines with opsin to form a pigment that produces abnormal photoproducts and diminished activation of the GTP-binding protein transducin in vitro. We have measured the formation of this analogue pigment in bleached salamander rods and determined the size and shape of its quantal response. In addition, we have characterized the influence of opsin and newly formed analogue pigment on the quantal response to native porphyropsin. We find that, as 11-cis-9-desmethylretinal combines with opsin in bleached rods, the amplitude of the quantal response from residual native pigment is elevated by ≈ 7.5-fold to 0.15 ± 0.09 pA, a value close to the amplitude of the quantal response before bleach (0.31 ± 0.10 pA). When activated by light, the new analogue pigment produces a quantal response that is ≈ 30-fold smaller and decays ≈ 5 times more slowly than that of native pigment in unbleached cells. We conclude that the 9-methyl group of retinal is not critical for conversion of opsin to its nondesensitizing state but that it is critical for the normal processes of activation and deactivation of metarhodopsin that give rise to the quantal response.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0027-8424</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1091-6490</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1073/pnas.91.15.6958</identifier><identifier>PMID: 8041729</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>United States: National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America</publisher><subject>Action Potentials ; Amplitude ; Animals ; Biology ; Bleaching ; Eyes & eyesight ; Inurement ; Light ; Neurology ; Opsins ; Pigments ; Retinal pigments ; Retinal Rod Photoreceptor Cells - metabolism ; Retinaldehyde - analogs & derivatives ; Retinaldehyde - metabolism ; Rod Opsins - metabolism ; Spectral sensitivity ; Statistical variance ; Urodela ; Waveforms ; Wavelengths</subject><ispartof>Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences - PNAS, 1994-07, Vol.91 (15), p.6958-6962</ispartof><rights>Copyright 1994 The National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America</rights><rights>Copyright National Academy of Sciences Jul 19, 1994</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c520t-87b8b14ac2f3b8462210b4ece6d218d7b8e562de9806e2da10088428a3fcadf93</citedby></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Uhttp://www.pnas.org/content/91/15.cover.gif</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://www.jstor.org/stable/pdf/2365198$$EPDF$$P50$$Gjstor$$H</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://www.jstor.org/stable/2365198$$EHTML$$P50$$Gjstor$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>230,314,727,780,784,803,885,27924,27925,53791,53793,58017,58250</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8041729$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Corson, D. Wesley</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Cornwall, M. Carter</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>MacNichol, Edward F.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Tsang, Susy</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Derguini, Fadila</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Crouch, Rosalie K.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Nakanishi, Koji</creatorcontrib><title>Relief of Opsin Desensitization and Prolonged Excitation of Rod Photoreceptors by 9-Desmethylretinal</title><title>Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences - PNAS</title><addtitle>Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A</addtitle><description>The 9-methyl group of 11-cis-retinal plays a crucial role in photoexcitation of the visual pigment rhodopsin. A hydrogen-substituted analogue, 11-cis-9-desmethylretinal, combines with opsin to form a pigment that produces abnormal photoproducts and diminished activation of the GTP-binding protein transducin in vitro. We have measured the formation of this analogue pigment in bleached salamander rods and determined the size and shape of its quantal response. In addition, we have characterized the influence of opsin and newly formed analogue pigment on the quantal response to native porphyropsin. We find that, as 11-cis-9-desmethylretinal combines with opsin in bleached rods, the amplitude of the quantal response from residual native pigment is elevated by ≈ 7.5-fold to 0.15 ± 0.09 pA, a value close to the amplitude of the quantal response before bleach (0.31 ± 0.10 pA). When activated by light, the new analogue pigment produces a quantal response that is ≈ 30-fold smaller and decays ≈ 5 times more slowly than that of native pigment in unbleached cells. 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Wesley</au><au>Cornwall, M. Carter</au><au>MacNichol, Edward F.</au><au>Tsang, Susy</au><au>Derguini, Fadila</au><au>Crouch, Rosalie K.</au><au>Nakanishi, Koji</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Relief of Opsin Desensitization and Prolonged Excitation of Rod Photoreceptors by 9-Desmethylretinal</atitle><jtitle>Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences - PNAS</jtitle><addtitle>Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A</addtitle><date>1994-07-19</date><risdate>1994</risdate><volume>91</volume><issue>15</issue><spage>6958</spage><epage>6962</epage><pages>6958-6962</pages><issn>0027-8424</issn><eissn>1091-6490</eissn><abstract>The 9-methyl group of 11-cis-retinal plays a crucial role in photoexcitation of the visual pigment rhodopsin. A hydrogen-substituted analogue, 11-cis-9-desmethylretinal, combines with opsin to form a pigment that produces abnormal photoproducts and diminished activation of the GTP-binding protein transducin in vitro. We have measured the formation of this analogue pigment in bleached salamander rods and determined the size and shape of its quantal response. In addition, we have characterized the influence of opsin and newly formed analogue pigment on the quantal response to native porphyropsin. We find that, as 11-cis-9-desmethylretinal combines with opsin in bleached rods, the amplitude of the quantal response from residual native pigment is elevated by ≈ 7.5-fold to 0.15 ± 0.09 pA, a value close to the amplitude of the quantal response before bleach (0.31 ± 0.10 pA). When activated by light, the new analogue pigment produces a quantal response that is ≈ 30-fold smaller and decays ≈ 5 times more slowly than that of native pigment in unbleached cells. We conclude that the 9-methyl group of retinal is not critical for conversion of opsin to its nondesensitizing state but that it is critical for the normal processes of activation and deactivation of metarhodopsin that give rise to the quantal response.</abstract><cop>United States</cop><pub>National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America</pub><pmid>8041729</pmid><doi>10.1073/pnas.91.15.6958</doi><tpages>5</tpages><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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| source | MEDLINE; JSTOR Archive Collection A-Z Listing; PubMed Central; Alma/SFX Local Collection; Free Full-Text Journals in Chemistry |
| subjects | Action Potentials Amplitude Animals Biology Bleaching Eyes & eyesight Inurement Light Neurology Opsins Pigments Retinal pigments Retinal Rod Photoreceptor Cells - metabolism Retinaldehyde - analogs & derivatives Retinaldehyde - metabolism Rod Opsins - metabolism Spectral sensitivity Statistical variance Urodela Waveforms Wavelengths |
| title | Relief of Opsin Desensitization and Prolonged Excitation of Rod Photoreceptors by 9-Desmethylretinal |
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