Mitochondrial DNA Sequences in Single Hairs from a Southern African Population
Hypervariable parts of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) were amplified enzymatically and sequenced directly by using genomic DNA from single plucked human hairs. This method has been applied to study mtDNA sequence variation among 15 members of the!Kung population. A genealogical tree relating these aborig...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences - PNAS 1989-12, Vol.86 (23), p.9350-9354 |
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| creator | Vigilant, Linda Pennington, Renee Harpending, Henry Kocher, Thomas D. Wilson, Allan C. |
| description | Hypervariable parts of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) were amplified enzymatically and sequenced directly by using genomic DNA from single plucked human hairs. This method has been applied to study mtDNA sequence variation among 15 members of the!Kung population. A genealogical tree relating these aboriginal, Khoisan-speaking southern Africans to 68 other humans and to one chimpanzee has the deepest branches occurring amongst the!Kung, a result consistent with an African origin of human mtDNA. Fifteen cases of unrelated individuals having identical sequences in the most variable parts of the mtDNA control region were found within populations of!Kung, Western Pygmies, and Eastern Pygmies, but no cases of identity were evident among these populations. This and other evidence of geographic structuring of the mitochondrial diversity in Africa, together with knowledge of the rate of accumulation of base changes in human mtDNA, implies that the average rate at which female lineages have moved their home bases during hunter-gatherer times could be as low as 13 meters per year. The technique of enzymatic amplification and direct sequencing applied to readily collected, highly stable biological materials such as hairs makes it possible to examine with high resolution many representatives of virtually any population. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1073/pnas.86.23.9350 |
| format | Article |
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This method has been applied to study mtDNA sequence variation among 15 members of the!Kung population. A genealogical tree relating these aboriginal, Khoisan-speaking southern Africans to 68 other humans and to one chimpanzee has the deepest branches occurring amongst the!Kung, a result consistent with an African origin of human mtDNA. Fifteen cases of unrelated individuals having identical sequences in the most variable parts of the mtDNA control region were found within populations of!Kung, Western Pygmies, and Eastern Pygmies, but no cases of identity were evident among these populations. This and other evidence of geographic structuring of the mitochondrial diversity in Africa, together with knowledge of the rate of accumulation of base changes in human mtDNA, implies that the average rate at which female lineages have moved their home bases during hunter-gatherer times could be as low as 13 meters per year. The technique of enzymatic amplification and direct sequencing applied to readily collected, highly stable biological materials such as hairs makes it possible to examine with high resolution many representatives of virtually any population.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0027-8424</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1091-6490</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1073/pnas.86.23.9350</identifier><identifier>PMID: 2594772</identifier><identifier>CODEN: PNASA6</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Washington, DC: National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America</publisher><subject>Africa, Southern ; African Continental Ancestry Group - genetics ; Base Sequence ; Biological and medical sciences ; Biological Evolution ; DNA ; DNA, Mitochondrial - genetics ; Evolutionary genetics ; Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology ; Gels ; Genetic Variation ; Genetics of eukaryotes. Biological and molecular evolution ; Hair ; Hair - analysis ; Human ; Human genetics ; Humans ; Hunter gatherers ; Mitochondrial DNA ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Nucleic Acid Amplification Techniques ; Oligonucleotide Probes ; Polymerase chain reaction ; Polymorphism, Genetic ; Population control ; population genetics ; Population genetics, reproduction patterns ; populations ; Sequencing</subject><ispartof>Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences - PNAS, 1989-12, Vol.86 (23), p.9350-9354</ispartof><rights>1990 INIST-CNRS</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c587t-b424978bdda921b2e337f6f54232050fc53e2998bfb026482f4548d3ec88d7083</citedby></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Uhttp://www.pnas.org/content/86/23.cover.gif</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://www.jstor.org/stable/pdf/35079$$EPDF$$P50$$Gjstor$$H</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://www.jstor.org/stable/35079$$EHTML$$P50$$Gjstor$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>230,314,727,780,784,803,885,27924,27925,53791,53793,58017,58250</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttp://pascal-francis.inist.fr/vibad/index.php?action=getRecordDetail&idt=6751576$$DView record in Pascal Francis$$Hfree_for_read</backlink><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2594772$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Vigilant, Linda</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Pennington, Renee</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Harpending, Henry</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kocher, Thomas D.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Wilson, Allan C.</creatorcontrib><title>Mitochondrial DNA Sequences in Single Hairs from a Southern African Population</title><title>Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences - PNAS</title><addtitle>Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A</addtitle><description>Hypervariable parts of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) were amplified enzymatically and sequenced directly by using genomic DNA from single plucked human hairs. This method has been applied to study mtDNA sequence variation among 15 members of the!Kung population. A genealogical tree relating these aboriginal, Khoisan-speaking southern Africans to 68 other humans and to one chimpanzee has the deepest branches occurring amongst the!Kung, a result consistent with an African origin of human mtDNA. Fifteen cases of unrelated individuals having identical sequences in the most variable parts of the mtDNA control region were found within populations of!Kung, Western Pygmies, and Eastern Pygmies, but no cases of identity were evident among these populations. This and other evidence of geographic structuring of the mitochondrial diversity in Africa, together with knowledge of the rate of accumulation of base changes in human mtDNA, implies that the average rate at which female lineages have moved their home bases during hunter-gatherer times could be as low as 13 meters per year. The technique of enzymatic amplification and direct sequencing applied to readily collected, highly stable biological materials such as hairs makes it possible to examine with high resolution many representatives of virtually any population.</description><subject>Africa, Southern</subject><subject>African Continental Ancestry Group - genetics</subject><subject>Base Sequence</subject><subject>Biological and medical sciences</subject><subject>Biological Evolution</subject><subject>DNA</subject><subject>DNA, Mitochondrial - genetics</subject><subject>Evolutionary genetics</subject><subject>Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology</subject><subject>Gels</subject><subject>Genetic Variation</subject><subject>Genetics of eukaryotes. Biological and molecular evolution</subject><subject>Hair</subject><subject>Hair - analysis</subject><subject>Human</subject><subject>Human genetics</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Hunter gatherers</subject><subject>Mitochondrial DNA</subject><subject>Molecular Sequence Data</subject><subject>Nucleic Acid Amplification Techniques</subject><subject>Oligonucleotide Probes</subject><subject>Polymerase chain reaction</subject><subject>Polymorphism, Genetic</subject><subject>Population control</subject><subject>population genetics</subject><subject>Population genetics, reproduction patterns</subject><subject>populations</subject><subject>Sequencing</subject><issn>0027-8424</issn><issn>1091-6490</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>1989</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><recordid>eNqFkUtvEzEUhS0EKqGwRkICeYFgNanHj7G9YBGVR5FKQQqsLY_Hblw5dmrPIPj3OGQIsIHVXZzv3NcB4HGLli3i5GwXdVmKbonJUhKG7oBFi2TbdFSiu2CBEOaNoJjeBw9KuUEISSbQCTjBTFLO8QJcffBjMpsUh-x1gK-vVnBtbycbjS3QR7j28TpYeKF9LtDltIUartM0bmyOcOWyNzrCT2k3BT36FB-Ce06HYh_N9RR8efvm8_lFc_nx3fvz1WVjmOBj09eVJBf9MGiJ2x5bQrjrHKOYYMSQM4xYLKXoXY9wRwV2lFExEGuEGDgS5BS8OvTdTf3WDsbGMeugdtlvdf6ukvbqbyX6jbpOXxWWgkpS_S9mf0712jKqrS_GhqCjTVNRXBJOaYf_C7aMUNz9BM8OoMmplGzdcZkWqX1Uah-VEp3CRO2jqo6nf95w5Odsqv581nUxOriso_HliHWctYx3FXs5Y_v-v9Tfc5SbQhjtt7GSz_5JVuDJAbgpY8pHokr1Hz8AOSu9Pw</recordid><startdate>19891201</startdate><enddate>19891201</enddate><creator>Vigilant, Linda</creator><creator>Pennington, Renee</creator><creator>Harpending, Henry</creator><creator>Kocher, Thomas D.</creator><creator>Wilson, Allan C.</creator><general>National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America</general><general>National Acad Sciences</general><scope>IQODW</scope><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7T3</scope><scope>8FD</scope><scope>FR3</scope><scope>P64</scope><scope>RC3</scope><scope>7X8</scope><scope>5PM</scope></search><sort><creationdate>19891201</creationdate><title>Mitochondrial DNA Sequences in Single Hairs from a Southern African Population</title><author>Vigilant, Linda ; Pennington, Renee ; Harpending, Henry ; Kocher, Thomas D. ; Wilson, Allan C.</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c587t-b424978bdda921b2e337f6f54232050fc53e2998bfb026482f4548d3ec88d7083</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>1989</creationdate><topic>Africa, Southern</topic><topic>African Continental Ancestry Group - genetics</topic><topic>Base Sequence</topic><topic>Biological and medical sciences</topic><topic>Biological Evolution</topic><topic>DNA</topic><topic>DNA, Mitochondrial - genetics</topic><topic>Evolutionary genetics</topic><topic>Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology</topic><topic>Gels</topic><topic>Genetic Variation</topic><topic>Genetics of eukaryotes. Biological and molecular evolution</topic><topic>Hair</topic><topic>Hair - analysis</topic><topic>Human</topic><topic>Human genetics</topic><topic>Humans</topic><topic>Hunter gatherers</topic><topic>Mitochondrial DNA</topic><topic>Molecular Sequence Data</topic><topic>Nucleic Acid Amplification Techniques</topic><topic>Oligonucleotide Probes</topic><topic>Polymerase chain reaction</topic><topic>Polymorphism, Genetic</topic><topic>Population control</topic><topic>population genetics</topic><topic>Population genetics, reproduction patterns</topic><topic>populations</topic><topic>Sequencing</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Vigilant, Linda</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Pennington, Renee</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Harpending, Henry</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kocher, Thomas D.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Wilson, Allan C.</creatorcontrib><collection>Pascal-Francis</collection><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>Human Genome Abstracts</collection><collection>Technology Research Database</collection><collection>Engineering Research Database</collection><collection>Biotechnology and BioEngineering Abstracts</collection><collection>Genetics Abstracts</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><collection>PubMed Central (Full Participant titles)</collection><jtitle>Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences - PNAS</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Vigilant, Linda</au><au>Pennington, Renee</au><au>Harpending, Henry</au><au>Kocher, Thomas D.</au><au>Wilson, Allan C.</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Mitochondrial DNA Sequences in Single Hairs from a Southern African Population</atitle><jtitle>Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences - PNAS</jtitle><addtitle>Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A</addtitle><date>1989-12-01</date><risdate>1989</risdate><volume>86</volume><issue>23</issue><spage>9350</spage><epage>9354</epage><pages>9350-9354</pages><issn>0027-8424</issn><eissn>1091-6490</eissn><coden>PNASA6</coden><abstract>Hypervariable parts of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) were amplified enzymatically and sequenced directly by using genomic DNA from single plucked human hairs. This method has been applied to study mtDNA sequence variation among 15 members of the!Kung population. A genealogical tree relating these aboriginal, Khoisan-speaking southern Africans to 68 other humans and to one chimpanzee has the deepest branches occurring amongst the!Kung, a result consistent with an African origin of human mtDNA. Fifteen cases of unrelated individuals having identical sequences in the most variable parts of the mtDNA control region were found within populations of!Kung, Western Pygmies, and Eastern Pygmies, but no cases of identity were evident among these populations. This and other evidence of geographic structuring of the mitochondrial diversity in Africa, together with knowledge of the rate of accumulation of base changes in human mtDNA, implies that the average rate at which female lineages have moved their home bases during hunter-gatherer times could be as low as 13 meters per year. The technique of enzymatic amplification and direct sequencing applied to readily collected, highly stable biological materials such as hairs makes it possible to examine with high resolution many representatives of virtually any population.</abstract><cop>Washington, DC</cop><pub>National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America</pub><pmid>2594772</pmid><doi>10.1073/pnas.86.23.9350</doi><tpages>5</tpages><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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| subjects | Africa, Southern African Continental Ancestry Group - genetics Base Sequence Biological and medical sciences Biological Evolution DNA DNA, Mitochondrial - genetics Evolutionary genetics Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology Gels Genetic Variation Genetics of eukaryotes. Biological and molecular evolution Hair Hair - analysis Human Human genetics Humans Hunter gatherers Mitochondrial DNA Molecular Sequence Data Nucleic Acid Amplification Techniques Oligonucleotide Probes Polymerase chain reaction Polymorphism, Genetic Population control population genetics Population genetics, reproduction patterns populations Sequencing |
| title | Mitochondrial DNA Sequences in Single Hairs from a Southern African Population |
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