Absence of Methylation of a CpG-Rich Region at the 5′End of the MIC2 Gene on the Active X, the Inactive X, and the Y Chromosome
We have identified and characterized a Hpa II tiny fragment (HTF) island associated with the promoter region of the pseudoautosomal gene MIC2. The MIC2 HTF island is unmethylated on both the active and inactive X chromosome and is similarly unmethylated on the Y chromosome. Unlike the majority of ge...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences - PNAS 1988-08, Vol.85 (15), p.5605-5609 |
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| container_title | Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences - PNAS |
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| creator | Goodfellow, P. J. Mondello, C. Darling, S. M. Pym, B. Little, P. Goodfellow, P. N. |
| description | We have identified and characterized a Hpa II tiny fragment (HTF) island associated with the promoter region of the pseudoautosomal gene MIC2. The MIC2 HTF island is unmethylated on both the active and inactive X chromosome and is similarly unmethylated on the Y chromosome. Unlike the majority of genes borne on the X chromosome, MIC2 fails to undergo X chromosome inactivation. HTF islands associated with X chromosome-linked genes that are inactivated are highly methylated on the inactive or transcriptionally silent homologue. The failure of MIC2 to undergo X chromosome inactivation correlates with the lack of methylation of the HTF island at the 5′end of the gene. These results provide further evidence that DNA methylation plays an important role in the phenomenon of X chromosome inactivation. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1073/pnas.85.15.5605 |
| format | Article |
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J. ; Mondello, C. ; Darling, S. M. ; Pym, B. ; Little, P. ; Goodfellow, P. N.</creator><creatorcontrib>Goodfellow, P. J. ; Mondello, C. ; Darling, S. M. ; Pym, B. ; Little, P. ; Goodfellow, P. N.</creatorcontrib><description>We have identified and characterized a Hpa II tiny fragment (HTF) island associated with the promoter region of the pseudoautosomal gene MIC2. The MIC2 HTF island is unmethylated on both the active and inactive X chromosome and is similarly unmethylated on the Y chromosome. Unlike the majority of genes borne on the X chromosome, MIC2 fails to undergo X chromosome inactivation. HTF islands associated with X chromosome-linked genes that are inactivated are highly methylated on the inactive or transcriptionally silent homologue. The failure of MIC2 to undergo X chromosome inactivation correlates with the lack of methylation of the HTF island at the 5′end of the gene. These results provide further evidence that DNA methylation plays an important role in the phenomenon of X chromosome inactivation.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0027-8424</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1091-6490</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1073/pnas.85.15.5605</identifier><identifier>PMID: 2456574</identifier><identifier>CODEN: PNASA6</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Washington, DC: National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America</publisher><subject>Antigens, Surface - genetics ; Base Sequence ; Biological and medical sciences ; Cell Line ; Complementary DNA ; Cosmids ; Deoxyribonuclease HpaII ; DNA ; DNA - metabolism ; DNA Restriction Enzymes ; Dosage Compensation, Genetic ; Female ; Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology ; Gene Expression Regulation ; Genes ; Genes. Genome ; Genomics ; Humans ; Male ; Methylation ; Molecular and cellular biology ; Molecular genetics ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Nucleic Acid Hybridization ; Promoter regions ; Promoter Regions, Genetic ; X chromosome ; X Chromosome - metabolism ; X Chromosome inactivation ; X linked genes ; Y Chromosome - metabolism</subject><ispartof>Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences - PNAS, 1988-08, Vol.85 (15), p.5605-5609</ispartof><rights>1989 INIST-CNRS</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c533t-aa2cf3ef84013b6a44a78d8a18cd3f03e54e3343831ac75586338f0c423042d43</citedby></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Uhttp://www.pnas.org/content/85/15.cover.gif</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://www.jstor.org/stable/pdf/32203$$EPDF$$P50$$Gjstor$$H</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://www.jstor.org/stable/32203$$EHTML$$P50$$Gjstor$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>314,776,780,799,27903,27904,57995,58228</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttp://pascal-francis.inist.fr/vibad/index.php?action=getRecordDetail&idt=7245592$$DView record in Pascal Francis$$Hfree_for_read</backlink><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2456574$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Goodfellow, P. J.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Mondello, C.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Darling, S. M.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Pym, B.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Little, P.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Goodfellow, P. N.</creatorcontrib><title>Absence of Methylation of a CpG-Rich Region at the 5′End of the MIC2 Gene on the Active X, the Inactive X, and the Y Chromosome</title><title>Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences - PNAS</title><addtitle>Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A</addtitle><description>We have identified and characterized a Hpa II tiny fragment (HTF) island associated with the promoter region of the pseudoautosomal gene MIC2. The MIC2 HTF island is unmethylated on both the active and inactive X chromosome and is similarly unmethylated on the Y chromosome. Unlike the majority of genes borne on the X chromosome, MIC2 fails to undergo X chromosome inactivation. HTF islands associated with X chromosome-linked genes that are inactivated are highly methylated on the inactive or transcriptionally silent homologue. The failure of MIC2 to undergo X chromosome inactivation correlates with the lack of methylation of the HTF island at the 5′end of the gene. These results provide further evidence that DNA methylation plays an important role in the phenomenon of X chromosome inactivation.</description><subject>Antigens, Surface - genetics</subject><subject>Base Sequence</subject><subject>Biological and medical sciences</subject><subject>Cell Line</subject><subject>Complementary DNA</subject><subject>Cosmids</subject><subject>Deoxyribonuclease HpaII</subject><subject>DNA</subject><subject>DNA - metabolism</subject><subject>DNA Restriction Enzymes</subject><subject>Dosage Compensation, Genetic</subject><subject>Female</subject><subject>Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology</subject><subject>Gene Expression Regulation</subject><subject>Genes</subject><subject>Genes. Genome</subject><subject>Genomics</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Male</subject><subject>Methylation</subject><subject>Molecular and cellular biology</subject><subject>Molecular genetics</subject><subject>Molecular Sequence Data</subject><subject>Nucleic Acid Hybridization</subject><subject>Promoter regions</subject><subject>Promoter Regions, Genetic</subject><subject>X chromosome</subject><subject>X Chromosome - metabolism</subject><subject>X Chromosome inactivation</subject><subject>X linked genes</subject><subject>Y Chromosome - metabolism</subject><issn>0027-8424</issn><issn>1091-6490</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>1988</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><recordid>eNqFkUGLEzEcxYMoa109C4KSg-jF6Sb5J5P0WIa1FnYRFgU9hTSTsbPMJN1JKu5Nv5IfyU9iZjvWm57C-7_fezk8hJ5SMqdEwtnOmzhXYk7FXJRE3EMzSha0KPmC3EczQpgsFGf8IXoU4zUhZCEUOUEnjItSSD5DP5ab6Lx1ODT40qXtbWdSG_woDa52q-KqtVt85b6MR5Nw2josfn3_ee7rkRnl5bpieOV87vB3h6VN7VeHP725U2tvjtrk1Hj7jKvtEPoQQ-8eoweN6aJ7Mr2n6OPb8w_Vu-Li_WpdLS8KKwBSYQyzDbhGcUJhUxrOjVS1MlTZGhoCTnAHwEEBNVYKoUoA1RDLGRDOag6n6NWhdzeEm72LSfdttK7rjHdhH7VUwEqay_8HUsEkU0Jm8OwA2iHEOLhG74a2N8OtpkSP6-hxHa1EjuhxnZx4PlXvN72rj_w0R_ZfTr6J1nTNYLxt4xGTmRMLlrHXEzb2_3H__qObfdcl9y1l8sU_yQw8OwDXMYXhSABjBOA3uLC1-A</recordid><startdate>19880801</startdate><enddate>19880801</enddate><creator>Goodfellow, P. J.</creator><creator>Mondello, C.</creator><creator>Darling, S. M.</creator><creator>Pym, B.</creator><creator>Little, P.</creator><creator>Goodfellow, P. N.</creator><general>National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America</general><general>National Acad Sciences</general><scope>IQODW</scope><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7TM</scope><scope>8FD</scope><scope>FR3</scope><scope>P64</scope><scope>RC3</scope><scope>7X8</scope></search><sort><creationdate>19880801</creationdate><title>Absence of Methylation of a CpG-Rich Region at the 5′End of the MIC2 Gene on the Active X, the Inactive X, and the Y Chromosome</title><author>Goodfellow, P. J. ; Mondello, C. ; Darling, S. M. ; Pym, B. ; Little, P. ; Goodfellow, P. N.</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c533t-aa2cf3ef84013b6a44a78d8a18cd3f03e54e3343831ac75586338f0c423042d43</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>1988</creationdate><topic>Antigens, Surface - genetics</topic><topic>Base Sequence</topic><topic>Biological and medical sciences</topic><topic>Cell Line</topic><topic>Complementary DNA</topic><topic>Cosmids</topic><topic>Deoxyribonuclease HpaII</topic><topic>DNA</topic><topic>DNA - metabolism</topic><topic>DNA Restriction Enzymes</topic><topic>Dosage Compensation, Genetic</topic><topic>Female</topic><topic>Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology</topic><topic>Gene Expression Regulation</topic><topic>Genes</topic><topic>Genes. Genome</topic><topic>Genomics</topic><topic>Humans</topic><topic>Male</topic><topic>Methylation</topic><topic>Molecular and cellular biology</topic><topic>Molecular genetics</topic><topic>Molecular Sequence Data</topic><topic>Nucleic Acid Hybridization</topic><topic>Promoter regions</topic><topic>Promoter Regions, Genetic</topic><topic>X chromosome</topic><topic>X Chromosome - metabolism</topic><topic>X Chromosome inactivation</topic><topic>X linked genes</topic><topic>Y Chromosome - metabolism</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Goodfellow, P. J.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Mondello, C.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Darling, S. M.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Pym, B.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Little, P.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Goodfellow, P. 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N.</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Absence of Methylation of a CpG-Rich Region at the 5′End of the MIC2 Gene on the Active X, the Inactive X, and the Y Chromosome</atitle><jtitle>Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences - PNAS</jtitle><addtitle>Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A</addtitle><date>1988-08-01</date><risdate>1988</risdate><volume>85</volume><issue>15</issue><spage>5605</spage><epage>5609</epage><pages>5605-5609</pages><issn>0027-8424</issn><eissn>1091-6490</eissn><coden>PNASA6</coden><abstract>We have identified and characterized a Hpa II tiny fragment (HTF) island associated with the promoter region of the pseudoautosomal gene MIC2. The MIC2 HTF island is unmethylated on both the active and inactive X chromosome and is similarly unmethylated on the Y chromosome. Unlike the majority of genes borne on the X chromosome, MIC2 fails to undergo X chromosome inactivation. HTF islands associated with X chromosome-linked genes that are inactivated are highly methylated on the inactive or transcriptionally silent homologue. The failure of MIC2 to undergo X chromosome inactivation correlates with the lack of methylation of the HTF island at the 5′end of the gene. These results provide further evidence that DNA methylation plays an important role in the phenomenon of X chromosome inactivation.</abstract><cop>Washington, DC</cop><pub>National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America</pub><pmid>2456574</pmid><doi>10.1073/pnas.85.15.5605</doi><tpages>5</tpages><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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| source | MEDLINE; Jstor Complete Legacy; PubMed Central; Alma/SFX Local Collection; Free Full-Text Journals in Chemistry |
| subjects | Antigens, Surface - genetics Base Sequence Biological and medical sciences Cell Line Complementary DNA Cosmids Deoxyribonuclease HpaII DNA DNA - metabolism DNA Restriction Enzymes Dosage Compensation, Genetic Female Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology Gene Expression Regulation Genes Genes. Genome Genomics Humans Male Methylation Molecular and cellular biology Molecular genetics Molecular Sequence Data Nucleic Acid Hybridization Promoter regions Promoter Regions, Genetic X chromosome X Chromosome - metabolism X Chromosome inactivation X linked genes Y Chromosome - metabolism |
| title | Absence of Methylation of a CpG-Rich Region at the 5′End of the MIC2 Gene on the Active X, the Inactive X, and the Y Chromosome |
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