Structure and Expression of the Gene Encoding the Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide Precursor
The gene encoding the human vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) and the histidine-methionine amide (PHM-27) peptide hormone was isolated from λ phage libraries. The human gene was found to be composed of seven exons spanning ≈ 9 kilobase pairs. The first exon codes for an untranslated leader sequenc...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.; (United States) 1987-01, Vol.84 (2), p.605-609 |
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| container_title | Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.; (United States) |
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| creator | Linder, Stig Barkhem, Tomas Norberg, Annica Persson, Håkan Schalling, Martin Hökfelt, Tomas Magnusson, Göran |
| description | The gene encoding the human vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) and the histidine-methionine amide (PHM-27) peptide hormone was isolated from λ phage libraries. The human gene was found to be composed of seven exons spanning ≈ 9 kilobase pairs. The first exon codes for an untranslated leader sequence, and the second exon codes for a putative signal peptide. DNA sequences coding for the VIP and PHM-27 hormones are located in two different exons. Southern blot analysis with genomic DNA suggested that a single copy of the VIP/PHM-27 gene is present in the human haploid genome. The expression of VIP/PHM-27 precursor mRNA in various tissues in the rat was analyzed by RNA gel blot hybridization. In the organs examined, expression was only detected in the brain and duodenum. RNA isolated from various regions of the rat brain--including the cortex, hypothalamus, and hippocampus--hybridized to both VIP- and PHM-27-specific probes. The same pattern of hybridization was found when VIP- and PHM-27-specific probes were used, suggesting that possible differences in the localization of VIP and PHM-27 peptides between different brain regions cannot be accounted for by differential RNA processing. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1073/pnas.84.2.605 |
| format | Article |
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The human gene was found to be composed of seven exons spanning ≈ 9 kilobase pairs. The first exon codes for an untranslated leader sequence, and the second exon codes for a putative signal peptide. DNA sequences coding for the VIP and PHM-27 hormones are located in two different exons. Southern blot analysis with genomic DNA suggested that a single copy of the VIP/PHM-27 gene is present in the human haploid genome. The expression of VIP/PHM-27 precursor mRNA in various tissues in the rat was analyzed by RNA gel blot hybridization. In the organs examined, expression was only detected in the brain and duodenum. RNA isolated from various regions of the rat brain--including the cortex, hypothalamus, and hippocampus--hybridized to both VIP- and PHM-27-specific probes. The same pattern of hybridization was found when VIP- and PHM-27-specific probes were used, suggesting that possible differences in the localization of VIP and PHM-27 peptides between different brain regions cannot be accounted for by differential RNA processing.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0027-8424</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1091-6490</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1073/pnas.84.2.605</identifier><identifier>PMID: 3025882</identifier><identifier>CODEN: PNASA6</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Washington, DC: National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America</publisher><subject>550201 - Biochemistry- Tracer Techniques ; Amino Acid Sequence ; ANIMALS ; BACTERIOPHAGES ; Base Sequence ; BASIC BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES ; BETA DECAY RADIOISOTOPES ; BETA-MINUS DECAY RADIOISOTOPES ; Biological and medical sciences ; BIOLOGY ; BODY ; Brain - metabolism ; CARDIOVASCULAR AGENTS ; DAYS LIVING RADIOISOTOPES ; DIGESTIVE SYSTEM ; DNA ; DNA probes ; DNA Restriction Enzymes ; DNA SEQUENCING ; DRUGS ; Exons ; Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology ; GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT ; GENES ; Genes. Genome ; GENETICS ; Genomics ; HORMONES ; Humans ; INTESTINES ; ISOTOPES ; LIGHT NUCLEI ; MAMMALS ; MAN ; MESSENGER-RNA ; MICROORGANISMS ; Molecular and cellular biology ; Molecular genetics ; Neurons ; NUCLEI ; NUCLEIC ACIDS ; Nucleotides ; ODD-ODD NUCLEI ; OLIGONUCLEOTIDES ; ORGANIC COMPOUNDS ; ORGANS ; PARASITES ; PEPTIDE HORMONES ; Peptide PHI - genetics ; PHOSPHORUS 32 ; PHOSPHORUS ISOTOPES ; PRIMATES ; Protein Precursors - genetics ; RADIOISOTOPES ; RATS ; Rats, Inbred Strains ; RNA ; RODENTS ; STRUCTURAL CHEMICAL ANALYSIS ; Tissue Distribution ; Transcription, Genetic ; Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide - genetics ; VERTEBRATES ; VIRUSES</subject><ispartof>Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.; (United States), 1987-01, Vol.84 (2), p.605-609</ispartof><rights>1987 INIST-CNRS</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c538t-51bd7d6516c5beee5d38a385c9c3abccd5780997867a6412c5240cbd43c6f1183</citedby></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Uhttp://www.pnas.org/content/84/2.cover.gif</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://www.jstor.org/stable/pdf/29064$$EPDF$$P50$$Gjstor$$H</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://www.jstor.org/stable/29064$$EHTML$$P50$$Gjstor$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>230,314,727,780,784,803,885,27924,27925,53791,53793,58017,58250</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttp://pascal-francis.inist.fr/vibad/index.php?action=getRecordDetail&idt=8067256$$DView record in Pascal Francis$$Hfree_for_read</backlink><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3025882$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.osti.gov/biblio/6216198$$D View this record in Osti.gov$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Linder, Stig</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Barkhem, Tomas</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Norberg, Annica</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Persson, Håkan</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Schalling, Martin</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Hökfelt, Tomas</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Magnusson, Göran</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Biomedical Center, Uppsala, Sweden</creatorcontrib><title>Structure and Expression of the Gene Encoding the Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide Precursor</title><title>Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.; (United States)</title><addtitle>Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A</addtitle><description>The gene encoding the human vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) and the histidine-methionine amide (PHM-27) peptide hormone was isolated from λ phage libraries. The human gene was found to be composed of seven exons spanning ≈ 9 kilobase pairs. The first exon codes for an untranslated leader sequence, and the second exon codes for a putative signal peptide. DNA sequences coding for the VIP and PHM-27 hormones are located in two different exons. Southern blot analysis with genomic DNA suggested that a single copy of the VIP/PHM-27 gene is present in the human haploid genome. The expression of VIP/PHM-27 precursor mRNA in various tissues in the rat was analyzed by RNA gel blot hybridization. In the organs examined, expression was only detected in the brain and duodenum. RNA isolated from various regions of the rat brain--including the cortex, hypothalamus, and hippocampus--hybridized to both VIP- and PHM-27-specific probes. The same pattern of hybridization was found when VIP- and PHM-27-specific probes were used, suggesting that possible differences in the localization of VIP and PHM-27 peptides between different brain regions cannot be accounted for by differential RNA processing.</description><subject>550201 - Biochemistry- Tracer Techniques</subject><subject>Amino Acid Sequence</subject><subject>ANIMALS</subject><subject>BACTERIOPHAGES</subject><subject>Base Sequence</subject><subject>BASIC BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES</subject><subject>BETA DECAY RADIOISOTOPES</subject><subject>BETA-MINUS DECAY RADIOISOTOPES</subject><subject>Biological and medical sciences</subject><subject>BIOLOGY</subject><subject>BODY</subject><subject>Brain - metabolism</subject><subject>CARDIOVASCULAR AGENTS</subject><subject>DAYS LIVING RADIOISOTOPES</subject><subject>DIGESTIVE SYSTEM</subject><subject>DNA</subject><subject>DNA probes</subject><subject>DNA Restriction Enzymes</subject><subject>DNA SEQUENCING</subject><subject>DRUGS</subject><subject>Exons</subject><subject>Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology</subject><subject>GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT</subject><subject>GENES</subject><subject>Genes. Genome</subject><subject>GENETICS</subject><subject>Genomics</subject><subject>HORMONES</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>INTESTINES</subject><subject>ISOTOPES</subject><subject>LIGHT NUCLEI</subject><subject>MAMMALS</subject><subject>MAN</subject><subject>MESSENGER-RNA</subject><subject>MICROORGANISMS</subject><subject>Molecular and cellular biology</subject><subject>Molecular genetics</subject><subject>Neurons</subject><subject>NUCLEI</subject><subject>NUCLEIC ACIDS</subject><subject>Nucleotides</subject><subject>ODD-ODD NUCLEI</subject><subject>OLIGONUCLEOTIDES</subject><subject>ORGANIC COMPOUNDS</subject><subject>ORGANS</subject><subject>PARASITES</subject><subject>PEPTIDE HORMONES</subject><subject>Peptide PHI - genetics</subject><subject>PHOSPHORUS 32</subject><subject>PHOSPHORUS ISOTOPES</subject><subject>PRIMATES</subject><subject>Protein Precursors - genetics</subject><subject>RADIOISOTOPES</subject><subject>RATS</subject><subject>Rats, Inbred Strains</subject><subject>RNA</subject><subject>RODENTS</subject><subject>STRUCTURAL CHEMICAL ANALYSIS</subject><subject>Tissue Distribution</subject><subject>Transcription, Genetic</subject><subject>Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide - genetics</subject><subject>VERTEBRATES</subject><subject>VIRUSES</subject><issn>0027-8424</issn><issn>1091-6490</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>1987</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><recordid>eNqFkc2L1DAYh4so67h69CIKRdRbx3w3PXiQZVwXFlzwAzyF9O3bnSydpCbpsv73dpwy6EVPgTzP-8WvKJ5Ssqak5m9Hb9NaizVbKyLvFStKGlop0ZD7xYoQVldaMPGweJTSDSGkkZqcFCecMKk1WxXfP-c4QZ4iltZ35eZujJiSC74MfZm3WJ6jx3LjIXTOX__--WZTsJDdLZYXPmPKztuhvMIxuw7Lq4gwxRTi4-JBb4eET5b3tPj6YfPl7GN1-en84uz9ZQWS61xJ2nZ1pyRVIFtElB3XlmsJDXDbAnSy1qRpaq1qqwRlIJkg0HaCg-op1fy0eHfoO07tDjtAn6MdzBjdzsafJlhn_ibebc11uDWcCCabuf7loT7Ml5gELiNsIXiPkI1iVNFmP-TNMiSGH9N8s9m5BDgM1mOYkqlrrpQS4r8iFaqplWCzWB1EiCGliP1xY0rMPlizD9ZoYZiZg539F3-eebSXJGf-auE2gR36aD24dNQ0UTWTatZeL9q--5EuU0w_DUPGuzx7z__hzfjZAd-kHOKRs4YowX8BlobMrA</recordid><startdate>19870101</startdate><enddate>19870101</enddate><creator>Linder, Stig</creator><creator>Barkhem, Tomas</creator><creator>Norberg, Annica</creator><creator>Persson, Håkan</creator><creator>Schalling, Martin</creator><creator>Hökfelt, Tomas</creator><creator>Magnusson, Göran</creator><general>National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America</general><general>National Acad Sciences</general><scope>IQODW</scope><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7TK</scope><scope>7TM</scope><scope>8FD</scope><scope>FR3</scope><scope>P64</scope><scope>RC3</scope><scope>7X8</scope><scope>OTOTI</scope><scope>5PM</scope></search><sort><creationdate>19870101</creationdate><title>Structure and Expression of the Gene Encoding the Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide Precursor</title><author>Linder, Stig ; Barkhem, Tomas ; Norberg, Annica ; Persson, Håkan ; Schalling, Martin ; Hökfelt, Tomas ; Magnusson, Göran</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c538t-51bd7d6516c5beee5d38a385c9c3abccd5780997867a6412c5240cbd43c6f1183</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>1987</creationdate><topic>550201 - Biochemistry- Tracer Techniques</topic><topic>Amino Acid Sequence</topic><topic>ANIMALS</topic><topic>BACTERIOPHAGES</topic><topic>Base Sequence</topic><topic>BASIC BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES</topic><topic>BETA DECAY RADIOISOTOPES</topic><topic>BETA-MINUS DECAY RADIOISOTOPES</topic><topic>Biological and medical sciences</topic><topic>BIOLOGY</topic><topic>BODY</topic><topic>Brain - metabolism</topic><topic>CARDIOVASCULAR AGENTS</topic><topic>DAYS LIVING RADIOISOTOPES</topic><topic>DIGESTIVE SYSTEM</topic><topic>DNA</topic><topic>DNA probes</topic><topic>DNA Restriction Enzymes</topic><topic>DNA SEQUENCING</topic><topic>DRUGS</topic><topic>Exons</topic><topic>Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology</topic><topic>GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT</topic><topic>GENES</topic><topic>Genes. Genome</topic><topic>GENETICS</topic><topic>Genomics</topic><topic>HORMONES</topic><topic>Humans</topic><topic>INTESTINES</topic><topic>ISOTOPES</topic><topic>LIGHT NUCLEI</topic><topic>MAMMALS</topic><topic>MAN</topic><topic>MESSENGER-RNA</topic><topic>MICROORGANISMS</topic><topic>Molecular and cellular biology</topic><topic>Molecular genetics</topic><topic>Neurons</topic><topic>NUCLEI</topic><topic>NUCLEIC ACIDS</topic><topic>Nucleotides</topic><topic>ODD-ODD NUCLEI</topic><topic>OLIGONUCLEOTIDES</topic><topic>ORGANIC COMPOUNDS</topic><topic>ORGANS</topic><topic>PARASITES</topic><topic>PEPTIDE HORMONES</topic><topic>Peptide PHI - genetics</topic><topic>PHOSPHORUS 32</topic><topic>PHOSPHORUS ISOTOPES</topic><topic>PRIMATES</topic><topic>Protein Precursors - genetics</topic><topic>RADIOISOTOPES</topic><topic>RATS</topic><topic>Rats, Inbred Strains</topic><topic>RNA</topic><topic>RODENTS</topic><topic>STRUCTURAL CHEMICAL ANALYSIS</topic><topic>Tissue Distribution</topic><topic>Transcription, Genetic</topic><topic>Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide - genetics</topic><topic>VERTEBRATES</topic><topic>VIRUSES</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Linder, Stig</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Barkhem, Tomas</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Norberg, Annica</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Persson, Håkan</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Schalling, Martin</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Hökfelt, Tomas</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Magnusson, Göran</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Biomedical Center, Uppsala, Sweden</creatorcontrib><collection>Pascal-Francis</collection><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>Neurosciences Abstracts</collection><collection>Nucleic Acids Abstracts</collection><collection>Technology Research Database</collection><collection>Engineering Research Database</collection><collection>Biotechnology and BioEngineering Abstracts</collection><collection>Genetics Abstracts</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><collection>OSTI.GOV</collection><collection>PubMed Central (Full Participant titles)</collection><jtitle>Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.; (United States)</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Linder, Stig</au><au>Barkhem, Tomas</au><au>Norberg, Annica</au><au>Persson, Håkan</au><au>Schalling, Martin</au><au>Hökfelt, Tomas</au><au>Magnusson, Göran</au><aucorp>Biomedical Center, Uppsala, Sweden</aucorp><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Structure and Expression of the Gene Encoding the Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide Precursor</atitle><jtitle>Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.; (United States)</jtitle><addtitle>Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A</addtitle><date>1987-01-01</date><risdate>1987</risdate><volume>84</volume><issue>2</issue><spage>605</spage><epage>609</epage><pages>605-609</pages><issn>0027-8424</issn><eissn>1091-6490</eissn><coden>PNASA6</coden><abstract>The gene encoding the human vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) and the histidine-methionine amide (PHM-27) peptide hormone was isolated from λ phage libraries. The human gene was found to be composed of seven exons spanning ≈ 9 kilobase pairs. The first exon codes for an untranslated leader sequence, and the second exon codes for a putative signal peptide. DNA sequences coding for the VIP and PHM-27 hormones are located in two different exons. Southern blot analysis with genomic DNA suggested that a single copy of the VIP/PHM-27 gene is present in the human haploid genome. The expression of VIP/PHM-27 precursor mRNA in various tissues in the rat was analyzed by RNA gel blot hybridization. In the organs examined, expression was only detected in the brain and duodenum. RNA isolated from various regions of the rat brain--including the cortex, hypothalamus, and hippocampus--hybridized to both VIP- and PHM-27-specific probes. The same pattern of hybridization was found when VIP- and PHM-27-specific probes were used, suggesting that possible differences in the localization of VIP and PHM-27 peptides between different brain regions cannot be accounted for by differential RNA processing.</abstract><cop>Washington, DC</cop><pub>National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America</pub><pmid>3025882</pmid><doi>10.1073/pnas.84.2.605</doi><tpages>5</tpages><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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| identifier | ISSN: 0027-8424 |
| ispartof | Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.; (United States), 1987-01, Vol.84 (2), p.605-609 |
| issn | 0027-8424 1091-6490 |
| language | eng |
| recordid | cdi_pnas_primary_84_2_605_fulltext |
| source | MEDLINE; JSTOR Archive Collection A-Z Listing; PubMed Central; Alma/SFX Local Collection; Free Full-Text Journals in Chemistry |
| subjects | 550201 - Biochemistry- Tracer Techniques Amino Acid Sequence ANIMALS BACTERIOPHAGES Base Sequence BASIC BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES BETA DECAY RADIOISOTOPES BETA-MINUS DECAY RADIOISOTOPES Biological and medical sciences BIOLOGY BODY Brain - metabolism CARDIOVASCULAR AGENTS DAYS LIVING RADIOISOTOPES DIGESTIVE SYSTEM DNA DNA probes DNA Restriction Enzymes DNA SEQUENCING DRUGS Exons Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT GENES Genes. Genome GENETICS Genomics HORMONES Humans INTESTINES ISOTOPES LIGHT NUCLEI MAMMALS MAN MESSENGER-RNA MICROORGANISMS Molecular and cellular biology Molecular genetics Neurons NUCLEI NUCLEIC ACIDS Nucleotides ODD-ODD NUCLEI OLIGONUCLEOTIDES ORGANIC COMPOUNDS ORGANS PARASITES PEPTIDE HORMONES Peptide PHI - genetics PHOSPHORUS 32 PHOSPHORUS ISOTOPES PRIMATES Protein Precursors - genetics RADIOISOTOPES RATS Rats, Inbred Strains RNA RODENTS STRUCTURAL CHEMICAL ANALYSIS Tissue Distribution Transcription, Genetic Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide - genetics VERTEBRATES VIRUSES |
| title | Structure and Expression of the Gene Encoding the Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide Precursor |
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