Transplantation of Autoimmune Potential. I. Development of Antinuclear Antibodies in H-2 Histocompatible Recipients of Bone Marrow from New Zealand Black Mice
Antinuclear autoantibodies (ANA) appeared in the plasma of lethally irradiated H-2d histocompatible DBA/2 and BALB/c mice several weeks after intravenous transplantation of 2 to 4 × 106bone marrow cells from 3-week-old animals of the autoimmune New Zealand Black (NZB) strain. Little or no ANA develo...
Gespeichert in:
| Veröffentlicht in: | Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. U. S. A., v. 71, no. 6, pp. 2162-2165 v. 71, no. 6, pp. 2162-2165, 1974-06, Vol.71 (6), p.2162-2165 |
|---|---|
| Hauptverfasser: | , |
| Format: | Artikel |
| Sprache: | eng |
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Volltext |
| Tags: |
Tag hinzufügen
Keine Tags, Fügen Sie den ersten Tag hinzu!
|
| container_end_page | 2165 |
|---|---|
| container_issue | 6 |
| container_start_page | 2162 |
| container_title | Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. U. S. A., v. 71, no. 6, pp. 2162-2165 |
| container_volume | 71 |
| creator | Morton, Jane I. Siegel, Benjamin V. |
| description | Antinuclear autoantibodies (ANA) appeared in the plasma of lethally irradiated H-2d histocompatible DBA/2 and BALB/c mice several weeks after intravenous transplantation of 2 to 4 × 106bone marrow cells from 3-week-old animals of the autoimmune New Zealand Black (NZB) strain. Little or no ANA development was observed in DBA/2 or BALB/c strains when syngeneic or nonautoimmune allogeneic marrow was grafted, or when NZB marrow was injected into untreated DBA mice or mice receiving 200 rads of x-irradiation. Transfer of 5 × 106spleen cells from 8-day-old NZB mice into lethally irradiated BALB/c mice effected substantial ANA formation by the ninth day after transfer, compared to a 20-day latency following transfer of the same number of bone marrow cells. This earlier conversion with splenocytes may have been due to the presence of immunocompetent T and B cells, since stem cell numbers of the two tissues were similar. Transplantation of NZB marrow to lethally irradiated H-2 incompatible SJL/J (H-2s) and C57B1/6 (H-2B) strains brought about less ANA conversion than the transfer of compatible (SJL × NZB)F1 and (C57B1 × NZB)F1 marrow cells to the respective nonautoimmune SJL or C57B1 parental strain. Graft-versus-host reactions thus did not appear to play a requisite or determining role in the autoimmune development observed following grafting of NZB hemopoietic tissues. Reconstitution of lethally irradiated NZB mice with BALB/c or SJL/J bone marrow depressed the recurrence of ANA for 30 days, compared to rapid ANA recovery following NZB marrow injection. The characteristics that ultimately provoke or permit spontaneous auto-reactivity are inherent in the hemopoietic stem cell population of the NZB strain. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1073/pnas.71.6.2162 |
| format | Article |
| fullrecord | <record><control><sourceid>jstor_pnas_</sourceid><recordid>TN_cdi_pnas_primary_71_6_2162</recordid><sourceformat>XML</sourceformat><sourcesystem>PC</sourcesystem><jstor_id>63380</jstor_id><sourcerecordid>63380</sourcerecordid><originalsourceid>FETCH-LOGICAL-c3982-e97c719981a156bf364f8e244e6afffc0fd6e1a6789247c9be4e3479364dd3183</originalsourceid><addsrcrecordid>eNp9kc1u1DAUhSMEKkNhywIJyWLRXYLteOx4waItP1OpBYTKho3lca6pSxKnttPCy_CsOJ1hNGxY2fL5zr3HOkXxnOCKYFG_HgcdK0EqXlHC6YNiQbAkJWcSPywWGFNRNoyyx8WTGK8xxnLZ4IPigHFM8m1R_L4Meohjp4ekk_MD8hYdT8m7vp8GQJ99giE53VXorEJv4RY6P_b56Z7LyjCZDnS4v6996yAiN6BVSdHKxeSN78c8d90B-gLGjS5b4-w98Xn6hQ7B3yEbfI8-wh36BjoHadFJp80PdOEMPC0eWd1FeLY9D4uv799dnq7K808fzk6Pz0tTy4aWIIURRMqGaLLka1tzZhugjAHX1lqDbcuBaC4aSZkwcg0MaiZk5tq2Jk19WLzZzB2ndQ-tyTGD7tQYXK_DL-W1U_8qg7tS3_2tqpuGEZz9rzZ-H5NT0bgE5sr4YQCTFKNyyanI0NF2SfA3E8SkehcNdPnP4KeoGsqwWIo5TbUBTfAxBrC7IASruXU1t64EUVzNrWfDy_34O3xb854--_6q-_6j_-nKTl2X4GfK4IsNeJ3LDTuS13Xe8gfawcuY</addsrcrecordid><sourcetype>Open Access Repository</sourcetype><iscdi>true</iscdi><recordtype>article</recordtype><pqid>82407578</pqid></control><display><type>article</type><title>Transplantation of Autoimmune Potential. I. Development of Antinuclear Antibodies in H-2 Histocompatible Recipients of Bone Marrow from New Zealand Black Mice</title><source>Jstor Complete Legacy</source><source>MEDLINE</source><source>PubMed Central</source><source>Alma/SFX Local Collection</source><source>Free Full-Text Journals in Chemistry</source><creator>Morton, Jane I. ; Siegel, Benjamin V.</creator><creatorcontrib>Morton, Jane I. ; Siegel, Benjamin V. ; Oregon Univ., Portland</creatorcontrib><description>Antinuclear autoantibodies (ANA) appeared in the plasma of lethally irradiated H-2d histocompatible DBA/2 and BALB/c mice several weeks after intravenous transplantation of 2 to 4 × 106bone marrow cells from 3-week-old animals of the autoimmune New Zealand Black (NZB) strain. Little or no ANA development was observed in DBA/2 or BALB/c strains when syngeneic or nonautoimmune allogeneic marrow was grafted, or when NZB marrow was injected into untreated DBA mice or mice receiving 200 rads of x-irradiation. Transfer of 5 × 106spleen cells from 8-day-old NZB mice into lethally irradiated BALB/c mice effected substantial ANA formation by the ninth day after transfer, compared to a 20-day latency following transfer of the same number of bone marrow cells. This earlier conversion with splenocytes may have been due to the presence of immunocompetent T and B cells, since stem cell numbers of the two tissues were similar. Transplantation of NZB marrow to lethally irradiated H-2 incompatible SJL/J (H-2s) and C57B1/6 (H-2B) strains brought about less ANA conversion than the transfer of compatible (SJL × NZB)F1 and (C57B1 × NZB)F1 marrow cells to the respective nonautoimmune SJL or C57B1 parental strain. Graft-versus-host reactions thus did not appear to play a requisite or determining role in the autoimmune development observed following grafting of NZB hemopoietic tissues. Reconstitution of lethally irradiated NZB mice with BALB/c or SJL/J bone marrow depressed the recurrence of ANA for 30 days, compared to rapid ANA recovery following NZB marrow injection. The characteristics that ultimately provoke or permit spontaneous auto-reactivity are inherent in the hemopoietic stem cell population of the NZB strain.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0027-8424</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1091-6490</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1073/pnas.71.6.2162</identifier><identifier>PMID: 4601580</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>United States: National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America</publisher><subject>Animals ; ANTIBODIES ; Antibodies, Antinuclear ; Antibody Formation ; Antinuclear antibodies ; Autoantibodies ; Autoimmune Diseases - immunology ; B lymphocytes ; Biological Sciences: Immunology ; BLOOD PLASMA ; Bone marrow ; Bone Marrow Cells ; BONE MARROW CELLS- GRAFT-HOST REACTION ; Bone Marrow Transplantation ; Hematopoietic Stem Cells ; Histocompatibility ; IMMUNE REACTIONS- BIOLOGICAL RADIATION EFFECTS ; Immunity, Maternally-Acquired ; Immunization, Passive ; LETHAL IRRADIATION ; Lymphocyte Transfusion ; MICE ; Mice, Inbred BALB C ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Mice, Inbred DBA ; Mice, Inbred NZB ; N48520 -Life Sciences-Radiation Effects on Animals- Vertebrates ; Radiation Chimera ; Spleen - cytology ; Spleen cells ; SPLEEN CELLS- GRAFT-HOST REACTION ; Stem cells ; Tissue grafting ; Transplantation ; Transplantation, Homologous ; TRANSPLANTS ; X RADIATION</subject><ispartof>Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. U. S. A., v. 71, no. 6, pp. 2162-2165, 1974-06, Vol.71 (6), p.2162-2165</ispartof><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c3982-e97c719981a156bf364f8e244e6afffc0fd6e1a6789247c9be4e3479364dd3183</citedby></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Uhttp://www.pnas.org/content/71/6.cover.gif</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://www.jstor.org/stable/pdf/63380$$EPDF$$P50$$Gjstor$$H</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://www.jstor.org/stable/63380$$EHTML$$P50$$Gjstor$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>230,314,723,776,780,799,881,27901,27902,53766,53768,57992,58225</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/4601580$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.osti.gov/biblio/4295627$$D View this record in Osti.gov$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Morton, Jane I.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Siegel, Benjamin V.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Oregon Univ., Portland</creatorcontrib><title>Transplantation of Autoimmune Potential. I. Development of Antinuclear Antibodies in H-2 Histocompatible Recipients of Bone Marrow from New Zealand Black Mice</title><title>Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. U. S. A., v. 71, no. 6, pp. 2162-2165</title><addtitle>Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A</addtitle><description>Antinuclear autoantibodies (ANA) appeared in the plasma of lethally irradiated H-2d histocompatible DBA/2 and BALB/c mice several weeks after intravenous transplantation of 2 to 4 × 106bone marrow cells from 3-week-old animals of the autoimmune New Zealand Black (NZB) strain. Little or no ANA development was observed in DBA/2 or BALB/c strains when syngeneic or nonautoimmune allogeneic marrow was grafted, or when NZB marrow was injected into untreated DBA mice or mice receiving 200 rads of x-irradiation. Transfer of 5 × 106spleen cells from 8-day-old NZB mice into lethally irradiated BALB/c mice effected substantial ANA formation by the ninth day after transfer, compared to a 20-day latency following transfer of the same number of bone marrow cells. This earlier conversion with splenocytes may have been due to the presence of immunocompetent T and B cells, since stem cell numbers of the two tissues were similar. Transplantation of NZB marrow to lethally irradiated H-2 incompatible SJL/J (H-2s) and C57B1/6 (H-2B) strains brought about less ANA conversion than the transfer of compatible (SJL × NZB)F1 and (C57B1 × NZB)F1 marrow cells to the respective nonautoimmune SJL or C57B1 parental strain. Graft-versus-host reactions thus did not appear to play a requisite or determining role in the autoimmune development observed following grafting of NZB hemopoietic tissues. Reconstitution of lethally irradiated NZB mice with BALB/c or SJL/J bone marrow depressed the recurrence of ANA for 30 days, compared to rapid ANA recovery following NZB marrow injection. The characteristics that ultimately provoke or permit spontaneous auto-reactivity are inherent in the hemopoietic stem cell population of the NZB strain.</description><subject>Animals</subject><subject>ANTIBODIES</subject><subject>Antibodies, Antinuclear</subject><subject>Antibody Formation</subject><subject>Antinuclear antibodies</subject><subject>Autoantibodies</subject><subject>Autoimmune Diseases - immunology</subject><subject>B lymphocytes</subject><subject>Biological Sciences: Immunology</subject><subject>BLOOD PLASMA</subject><subject>Bone marrow</subject><subject>Bone Marrow Cells</subject><subject>BONE MARROW CELLS- GRAFT-HOST REACTION</subject><subject>Bone Marrow Transplantation</subject><subject>Hematopoietic Stem Cells</subject><subject>Histocompatibility</subject><subject>IMMUNE REACTIONS- BIOLOGICAL RADIATION EFFECTS</subject><subject>Immunity, Maternally-Acquired</subject><subject>Immunization, Passive</subject><subject>LETHAL IRRADIATION</subject><subject>Lymphocyte Transfusion</subject><subject>MICE</subject><subject>Mice, Inbred BALB C</subject><subject>Mice, Inbred C57BL</subject><subject>Mice, Inbred DBA</subject><subject>Mice, Inbred NZB</subject><subject>N48520 -Life Sciences-Radiation Effects on Animals- Vertebrates</subject><subject>Radiation Chimera</subject><subject>Spleen - cytology</subject><subject>Spleen cells</subject><subject>SPLEEN CELLS- GRAFT-HOST REACTION</subject><subject>Stem cells</subject><subject>Tissue grafting</subject><subject>Transplantation</subject><subject>Transplantation, Homologous</subject><subject>TRANSPLANTS</subject><subject>X RADIATION</subject><issn>0027-8424</issn><issn>1091-6490</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>1974</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><recordid>eNp9kc1u1DAUhSMEKkNhywIJyWLRXYLteOx4waItP1OpBYTKho3lca6pSxKnttPCy_CsOJ1hNGxY2fL5zr3HOkXxnOCKYFG_HgcdK0EqXlHC6YNiQbAkJWcSPywWGFNRNoyyx8WTGK8xxnLZ4IPigHFM8m1R_L4Meohjp4ekk_MD8hYdT8m7vp8GQJ99giE53VXorEJv4RY6P_b56Z7LyjCZDnS4v6996yAiN6BVSdHKxeSN78c8d90B-gLGjS5b4-w98Xn6hQ7B3yEbfI8-wh36BjoHadFJp80PdOEMPC0eWd1FeLY9D4uv799dnq7K808fzk6Pz0tTy4aWIIURRMqGaLLka1tzZhugjAHX1lqDbcuBaC4aSZkwcg0MaiZk5tq2Jk19WLzZzB2ndQ-tyTGD7tQYXK_DL-W1U_8qg7tS3_2tqpuGEZz9rzZ-H5NT0bgE5sr4YQCTFKNyyanI0NF2SfA3E8SkehcNdPnP4KeoGsqwWIo5TbUBTfAxBrC7IASruXU1t64EUVzNrWfDy_34O3xb854--_6q-_6j_-nKTl2X4GfK4IsNeJ3LDTuS13Xe8gfawcuY</recordid><startdate>19740601</startdate><enddate>19740601</enddate><creator>Morton, Jane I.</creator><creator>Siegel, Benjamin V.</creator><general>National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America</general><general>National Acad Sciences</general><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7X8</scope><scope>OTOTI</scope><scope>5PM</scope></search><sort><creationdate>19740601</creationdate><title>Transplantation of Autoimmune Potential. I. Development of Antinuclear Antibodies in H-2 Histocompatible Recipients of Bone Marrow from New Zealand Black Mice</title><author>Morton, Jane I. ; Siegel, Benjamin V.</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c3982-e97c719981a156bf364f8e244e6afffc0fd6e1a6789247c9be4e3479364dd3183</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>1974</creationdate><topic>Animals</topic><topic>ANTIBODIES</topic><topic>Antibodies, Antinuclear</topic><topic>Antibody Formation</topic><topic>Antinuclear antibodies</topic><topic>Autoantibodies</topic><topic>Autoimmune Diseases - immunology</topic><topic>B lymphocytes</topic><topic>Biological Sciences: Immunology</topic><topic>BLOOD PLASMA</topic><topic>Bone marrow</topic><topic>Bone Marrow Cells</topic><topic>BONE MARROW CELLS- GRAFT-HOST REACTION</topic><topic>Bone Marrow Transplantation</topic><topic>Hematopoietic Stem Cells</topic><topic>Histocompatibility</topic><topic>IMMUNE REACTIONS- BIOLOGICAL RADIATION EFFECTS</topic><topic>Immunity, Maternally-Acquired</topic><topic>Immunization, Passive</topic><topic>LETHAL IRRADIATION</topic><topic>Lymphocyte Transfusion</topic><topic>MICE</topic><topic>Mice, Inbred BALB C</topic><topic>Mice, Inbred C57BL</topic><topic>Mice, Inbred DBA</topic><topic>Mice, Inbred NZB</topic><topic>N48520 -Life Sciences-Radiation Effects on Animals- Vertebrates</topic><topic>Radiation Chimera</topic><topic>Spleen - cytology</topic><topic>Spleen cells</topic><topic>SPLEEN CELLS- GRAFT-HOST REACTION</topic><topic>Stem cells</topic><topic>Tissue grafting</topic><topic>Transplantation</topic><topic>Transplantation, Homologous</topic><topic>TRANSPLANTS</topic><topic>X RADIATION</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Morton, Jane I.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Siegel, Benjamin V.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Oregon Univ., Portland</creatorcontrib><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><collection>OSTI.GOV</collection><collection>PubMed Central (Full Participant titles)</collection><jtitle>Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. U. S. A., v. 71, no. 6, pp. 2162-2165</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Morton, Jane I.</au><au>Siegel, Benjamin V.</au><aucorp>Oregon Univ., Portland</aucorp><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Transplantation of Autoimmune Potential. I. Development of Antinuclear Antibodies in H-2 Histocompatible Recipients of Bone Marrow from New Zealand Black Mice</atitle><jtitle>Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. U. S. A., v. 71, no. 6, pp. 2162-2165</jtitle><addtitle>Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A</addtitle><date>1974-06-01</date><risdate>1974</risdate><volume>71</volume><issue>6</issue><spage>2162</spage><epage>2165</epage><pages>2162-2165</pages><issn>0027-8424</issn><eissn>1091-6490</eissn><abstract>Antinuclear autoantibodies (ANA) appeared in the plasma of lethally irradiated H-2d histocompatible DBA/2 and BALB/c mice several weeks after intravenous transplantation of 2 to 4 × 106bone marrow cells from 3-week-old animals of the autoimmune New Zealand Black (NZB) strain. Little or no ANA development was observed in DBA/2 or BALB/c strains when syngeneic or nonautoimmune allogeneic marrow was grafted, or when NZB marrow was injected into untreated DBA mice or mice receiving 200 rads of x-irradiation. Transfer of 5 × 106spleen cells from 8-day-old NZB mice into lethally irradiated BALB/c mice effected substantial ANA formation by the ninth day after transfer, compared to a 20-day latency following transfer of the same number of bone marrow cells. This earlier conversion with splenocytes may have been due to the presence of immunocompetent T and B cells, since stem cell numbers of the two tissues were similar. Transplantation of NZB marrow to lethally irradiated H-2 incompatible SJL/J (H-2s) and C57B1/6 (H-2B) strains brought about less ANA conversion than the transfer of compatible (SJL × NZB)F1 and (C57B1 × NZB)F1 marrow cells to the respective nonautoimmune SJL or C57B1 parental strain. Graft-versus-host reactions thus did not appear to play a requisite or determining role in the autoimmune development observed following grafting of NZB hemopoietic tissues. Reconstitution of lethally irradiated NZB mice with BALB/c or SJL/J bone marrow depressed the recurrence of ANA for 30 days, compared to rapid ANA recovery following NZB marrow injection. The characteristics that ultimately provoke or permit spontaneous auto-reactivity are inherent in the hemopoietic stem cell population of the NZB strain.</abstract><cop>United States</cop><pub>National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America</pub><pmid>4601580</pmid><doi>10.1073/pnas.71.6.2162</doi><tpages>4</tpages><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
| fulltext | fulltext |
| identifier | ISSN: 0027-8424 |
| ispartof | Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. U. S. A., v. 71, no. 6, pp. 2162-2165, 1974-06, Vol.71 (6), p.2162-2165 |
| issn | 0027-8424 1091-6490 |
| language | eng |
| recordid | cdi_pnas_primary_71_6_2162 |
| source | Jstor Complete Legacy; MEDLINE; PubMed Central; Alma/SFX Local Collection; Free Full-Text Journals in Chemistry |
| subjects | Animals ANTIBODIES Antibodies, Antinuclear Antibody Formation Antinuclear antibodies Autoantibodies Autoimmune Diseases - immunology B lymphocytes Biological Sciences: Immunology BLOOD PLASMA Bone marrow Bone Marrow Cells BONE MARROW CELLS- GRAFT-HOST REACTION Bone Marrow Transplantation Hematopoietic Stem Cells Histocompatibility IMMUNE REACTIONS- BIOLOGICAL RADIATION EFFECTS Immunity, Maternally-Acquired Immunization, Passive LETHAL IRRADIATION Lymphocyte Transfusion MICE Mice, Inbred BALB C Mice, Inbred C57BL Mice, Inbred DBA Mice, Inbred NZB N48520 -Life Sciences-Radiation Effects on Animals- Vertebrates Radiation Chimera Spleen - cytology Spleen cells SPLEEN CELLS- GRAFT-HOST REACTION Stem cells Tissue grafting Transplantation Transplantation, Homologous TRANSPLANTS X RADIATION |
| title | Transplantation of Autoimmune Potential. I. Development of Antinuclear Antibodies in H-2 Histocompatible Recipients of Bone Marrow from New Zealand Black Mice |
| url | https://sfx.bib-bvb.de/sfx_tum?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&ctx_tim=2025-02-07T02%3A50%3A46IST&url_ver=Z39.88-2004&url_ctx_fmt=infofi/fmt:kev:mtx:ctx&rfr_id=info:sid/primo.exlibrisgroup.com:primo3-Article-jstor_pnas_&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Transplantation%20of%20Autoimmune%20Potential.%20I.%20Development%20of%20Antinuclear%20Antibodies%20in%20H-2%20Histocompatible%20Recipients%20of%20Bone%20Marrow%20from%20New%20Zealand%20Black%20Mice&rft.jtitle=Proc.%20Nat.%20Acad.%20Sci.%20U.%20S.%20A.,%20v.%2071,%20no.%206,%20pp.%202162-2165&rft.au=Morton,%20Jane%20I.&rft.aucorp=Oregon%20Univ.,%20Portland&rft.date=1974-06-01&rft.volume=71&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=2162&rft.epage=2165&rft.pages=2162-2165&rft.issn=0027-8424&rft.eissn=1091-6490&rft_id=info:doi/10.1073/pnas.71.6.2162&rft_dat=%3Cjstor_pnas_%3E63380%3C/jstor_pnas_%3E%3Curl%3E%3C/url%3E&disable_directlink=true&sfx.directlink=off&sfx.report_link=0&rft_id=info:oai/&rft_pqid=82407578&rft_id=info:pmid/4601580&rft_jstor_id=63380&rfr_iscdi=true |