Ramification of stream networks
The geometric complexity of stream networks has been a source of fascination for centuries. However, a comprehensive understanding of ramification—the mechanism of branching by which such networks grow—remains elusive. Here we show that streams incised by groundwater seepage branch at a characterist...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences - PNAS 2012-12, Vol.109 (51), p.20832-20836 |
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| container_issue | 51 |
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| container_title | Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences - PNAS |
| container_volume | 109 |
| creator | Devauchelle, Olivier Petroff, Alexander P. Seybold, Hansjörg F. Rothman, Daniel H. |
| description | The geometric complexity of stream networks has been a source of fascination for centuries. However, a comprehensive understanding of ramification—the mechanism of branching by which such networks grow—remains elusive. Here we show that streams incised by groundwater seepage branch at a characteristic angle of 2 π /5 = 72°. Our theory represents streams as a collection of paths growing and bifurcating in a diffusing field. Our observations of nearly 5,000 bifurcated streams growing in a 100 km ² groundwater field on the Florida Panhandle yield a mean bifurcation angle of 71.9° ± 0.8°. This good accord between theory and observation suggests that the network geometry is determined by the external flow field but not, as classical theories imply, by the flow within the streams themselves. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1073/pnas.1215218109 |
| format | Article |
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| subjects | Conservation of Natural Resources - methods Creeks & streams Environmental Monitoring - methods Environmental Restoration and Remediation - methods Florida Geography Geometric planes Geometric shapes Geometry Groundwater Groundwater flow Mechanical springs Models, Statistical Models, Theoretical Natural springs Physical Sciences Physics Rivers seepage Streams Valleys Water Movements Water tables |
| title | Ramification of stream networks |
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