Atom-by-atom nucleation and growth of graphene nanopores
Graphene is an ideal thin membrane substrate for creating molecule-scale devices. Here we demonstrate a scalable method for creating extremely small structures in graphene with atomic precision. It consists of inducing defect nucleation centers with energetic ions, followed by edge-selective electro...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences - PNAS 2012-04, Vol.109 (16), p.5953-5957 |
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| container_title | Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences - PNAS |
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| creator | Russo, Christopher J Golovchenko, J. A |
| description | Graphene is an ideal thin membrane substrate for creating molecule-scale devices. Here we demonstrate a scalable method for creating extremely small structures in graphene with atomic precision. It consists of inducing defect nucleation centers with energetic ions, followed by edge-selective electron recoil sputtering. As a first application, we create graphene nanopores with radii as small as 3 Å, which corresponds to 10 atoms removed. We observe carbon atom removal from the nanopore edge in situ using an aberration-corrected electron microscope, measure the cross-section for the process, and obtain a mean edge atom displacement energy of 14.1 ± 0.1 eV. This approach does not require focused beams and allows scalable production of single nanopores and arrays of monodisperse nanopores for atomic-scale selectively permeable membranes. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1073/pnas.1119827109 |
| format | Article |
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| subjects | Argon artificial membranes Atoms Atoms & subatomic particles Carbon Computer Simulation Electron beams electron microscopes Electrons energy Energy Transfer Graphene Graphite - chemistry Ion beams Ions Irradiation Membranes Microscopy Microscopy, Electron, Transmission - methods Models, Chemical Models, Molecular Molecules nanomaterials Nanopores - ultrastructure Nanostructures - chemistry Nanostructures - ultrastructure Nanotechnology - methods Nucleation Physical Sciences |
| title | Atom-by-atom nucleation and growth of graphene nanopores |
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