Spinal cholinergic interneurons regulate the excitability of motoneurons during locomotion
To effect movement, motoneurons must respond appropriately to motor commands. Their responsiveness to these inputs, or excitability, is regulated by neuromodulators. Possible sources of modulation include the abundant cholinergic "C boutons" that surround motoneuron somata. In the present...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences - PNAS 2007-02, Vol.104 (7), p.2448-2453 |
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| creator | Miles, Gareth B Hartley, Robert Todd, Andrew J Brownstone, Robert M |
| description | To effect movement, motoneurons must respond appropriately to motor commands. Their responsiveness to these inputs, or excitability, is regulated by neuromodulators. Possible sources of modulation include the abundant cholinergic "C boutons" that surround motoneuron somata. In the present study, recordings from motoneurons in spinal cord slices demonstrated that cholinergic activation of m₂-type muscarinic receptors increases excitability by reducing the action potential afterhyperpolarization. Analyses of isolated spinal cord preparations in which fictive locomotion was elicited demonstrated that endogenous cholinergic inputs increase motoneuron excitability during locomotion. Anatomical data indicate that C boutons originate from a discrete group of interneurons lateral to the central canal, the medial partition neurons. These results highlight a unique component of spinal motor networks that is critical in ensuring that sufficient output is generated by motoneurons to drive motor behavior. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1073/pnas.0611134104 |
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Their responsiveness to these inputs, or excitability, is regulated by neuromodulators. Possible sources of modulation include the abundant cholinergic "C boutons" that surround motoneuron somata. In the present study, recordings from motoneurons in spinal cord slices demonstrated that cholinergic activation of m₂-type muscarinic receptors increases excitability by reducing the action potential afterhyperpolarization. Analyses of isolated spinal cord preparations in which fictive locomotion was elicited demonstrated that endogenous cholinergic inputs increase motoneuron excitability during locomotion. Anatomical data indicate that C boutons originate from a discrete group of interneurons lateral to the central canal, the medial partition neurons. These results highlight a unique component of spinal motor networks that is critical in ensuring that sufficient output is generated by motoneurons to drive motor behavior.</description><subject>Acetylcholine</subject><subject>Action Potentials</subject><subject>Anatomy</subject><subject>Animals</subject><subject>Biological Sciences</subject><subject>Canals</subject><subject>Cholinergics</subject><subject>Interneurons</subject><subject>Interneurons - physiology</subject><subject>Locomotion</subject><subject>Locomotion - physiology</subject><subject>Mice</subject><subject>Motor Activity</subject><subject>Motor Neurons - physiology</subject><subject>Muscarinic receptors</subject><subject>Neurons</subject><subject>Neurosciences</subject><subject>Neurotransmitters</subject><subject>Physiological regulation</subject><subject>Receptor, Muscarinic M2</subject><subject>Receptors</subject><subject>Spinal cord</subject><subject>Spinal Cord - cytology</subject><subject>Spinal Cord - physiology</subject><issn>0027-8424</issn><issn>1091-6490</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2007</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><recordid>eNqFkjtvFDEUhUcIRJZATQWMKKCaxK_1o0FCES8pEkVIQ2PZ3juzXnntxfag5N8zo12ygQIqSz7fPb73HjfNc4zOMBL0fBdNOUMcY0wZRuxBs8BI4Y4zhR42C4SI6CQj7KR5UsoGIaSWEj1uTrAgUlBGF833q52PJrRunYKPkAfvWh8r5AhjTrG0GYYxmAptXUMLN85XY33w9bZNfbtNNf0GV2P2cWhDcmm69ik-bR71JhR4djhPm-uPH75dfO4uv376cvH-snMc89pZSyhXxpKlM5TwJSjTW6Icl-AsNhassUvUc8stkZLTFbMcgFCjnJDW9PS0ebf33Y12CysHsWYT9C77rcm3Ohmv_1SiX-sh_dRYKEYZmwzeHAxy-jFCqXrri4MQTIQ0Fs0VQhJx9V8QT-uVFM-Or_8CN2nM056LJghTSaWQE3S-h1xOpWTo71rGSM_p6jldfUx3qnh5f9Ijf4jzHjBXHu2YFpowNr_59p-A7scQKtzUiXyxJzelpnyHkiUj8--a9Fd7vTdJmyH7oq-v5uEQEkyIKahfhRDO2w</recordid><startdate>20070213</startdate><enddate>20070213</enddate><creator>Miles, Gareth B</creator><creator>Hartley, Robert</creator><creator>Todd, Andrew J</creator><creator>Brownstone, Robert M</creator><general>National Academy of Sciences</general><general>National Acad Sciences</general><scope>FBQ</scope><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7QG</scope><scope>7QL</scope><scope>7QP</scope><scope>7QR</scope><scope>7SN</scope><scope>7SS</scope><scope>7T5</scope><scope>7TK</scope><scope>7TM</scope><scope>7TO</scope><scope>7U9</scope><scope>8FD</scope><scope>C1K</scope><scope>FR3</scope><scope>H94</scope><scope>M7N</scope><scope>P64</scope><scope>RC3</scope><scope>7X8</scope><scope>5PM</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20070213</creationdate><title>Spinal cholinergic interneurons regulate the excitability of motoneurons during locomotion</title><author>Miles, Gareth B ; 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| subjects | Acetylcholine Action Potentials Anatomy Animals Biological Sciences Canals Cholinergics Interneurons Interneurons - physiology Locomotion Locomotion - physiology Mice Motor Activity Motor Neurons - physiology Muscarinic receptors Neurons Neurosciences Neurotransmitters Physiological regulation Receptor, Muscarinic M2 Receptors Spinal cord Spinal Cord - cytology Spinal Cord - physiology |
| title | Spinal cholinergic interneurons regulate the excitability of motoneurons during locomotion |
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