Detection of the Placental Epigenetic Signature of the Maspin Gene in Maternal Plasma

The discovery of fetal DNA in the plasma of pregnant women has opened up new approaches for noninvasive prenatal diagnosis and monitoring. Up to now, the lack of a fetal DNA marker that can be universally detected in maternal plasma has limited the clinical application of this technology. We hypothe...

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Veröffentlicht in:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences - PNAS 2005-10, Vol.102 (41), p.14753-14758
Hauptverfasser: Stephen S. C. Chim, Yu K. Tong, Rossa W. K. Chiu, Lau, Tze K., Leung, Tse N., Lisa Y. S. Chan, Cees B. M. Oudejans, Ding, Chunming, Y. M. Dennis Lo
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container_issue 41
container_start_page 14753
container_title Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences - PNAS
container_volume 102
creator Stephen S. C. Chim
Yu K. Tong
Rossa W. K. Chiu
Lau, Tze K.
Leung, Tse N.
Lisa Y. S. Chan
Cees B. M. Oudejans
Ding, Chunming
Y. M. Dennis Lo
description The discovery of fetal DNA in the plasma of pregnant women has opened up new approaches for noninvasive prenatal diagnosis and monitoring. Up to now, the lack of a fetal DNA marker that can be universally detected in maternal plasma has limited the clinical application of this technology. We hypothesized that epigenetic differences between the placenta and maternal blood cells could be used for developing such a marker. By using bisulfite DNA sequencing, the methylation status of the maspin gene promoter in placental tissues and paired maternal blood cells from pregnant women was analyzed. The maspin gene promoter was found to be hypomethylated in placental tissues and densely methylated in maternal blood cells. Genotyping of a single nucleotide polymorphism within the unmethylated maspin sequences in maternal plasma demonstrated that these sequences were derived from the fetus. By using real-time quantitative methylation-specific PCR, unmethylated maspin sequences were detected in maternal plasma in all three trimesters of pregnancy and were cleared within 24 h after delivery. The maternal plasma concentration of unmethylated maspin sequences was elevated by a median of 5.7 times in preeclamptic pregnancies compared with nonpreeclamptic pregnancies. Hypomethylated maspin DNA is the first universal marker for fetal DNA in maternal plasma, thus allowing the measurement of fetal DNA concentrations in pregnancy-associated disorders, irrespective of fetal gender and genetic polymorphisms. Differential DNA methylation between the placenta and maternal blood cells may be exploited to develop further markers for noninvasive prenatal assessment.
doi_str_mv 10.1073/pnas.0503335102
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C. Chim ; Yu K. Tong ; Rossa W. K. Chiu ; Lau, Tze K. ; Leung, Tse N. ; Lisa Y. S. Chan ; Cees B. M. Oudejans ; Ding, Chunming ; Y. M. Dennis Lo</creator><creatorcontrib>Stephen S. C. Chim ; Yu K. Tong ; Rossa W. K. Chiu ; Lau, Tze K. ; Leung, Tse N. ; Lisa Y. S. Chan ; Cees B. M. Oudejans ; Ding, Chunming ; Y. M. Dennis Lo</creatorcontrib><description>The discovery of fetal DNA in the plasma of pregnant women has opened up new approaches for noninvasive prenatal diagnosis and monitoring. Up to now, the lack of a fetal DNA marker that can be universally detected in maternal plasma has limited the clinical application of this technology. We hypothesized that epigenetic differences between the placenta and maternal blood cells could be used for developing such a marker. By using bisulfite DNA sequencing, the methylation status of the maspin gene promoter in placental tissues and paired maternal blood cells from pregnant women was analyzed. The maspin gene promoter was found to be hypomethylated in placental tissues and densely methylated in maternal blood cells. Genotyping of a single nucleotide polymorphism within the unmethylated maspin sequences in maternal plasma demonstrated that these sequences were derived from the fetus. By using real-time quantitative methylation-specific PCR, unmethylated maspin sequences were detected in maternal plasma in all three trimesters of pregnancy and were cleared within 24 h after delivery. The maternal plasma concentration of unmethylated maspin sequences was elevated by a median of 5.7 times in preeclamptic pregnancies compared with nonpreeclamptic pregnancies. Hypomethylated maspin DNA is the first universal marker for fetal DNA in maternal plasma, thus allowing the measurement of fetal DNA concentrations in pregnancy-associated disorders, irrespective of fetal gender and genetic polymorphisms. 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C. Chim</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Yu K. Tong</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Rossa W. K. Chiu</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Lau, Tze K.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Leung, Tse N.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Lisa Y. S. Chan</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Cees B. M. Oudejans</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ding, Chunming</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Y. M. Dennis Lo</creatorcontrib><title>Detection of the Placental Epigenetic Signature of the Maspin Gene in Maternal Plasma</title><title>Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences - PNAS</title><addtitle>Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A</addtitle><description>The discovery of fetal DNA in the plasma of pregnant women has opened up new approaches for noninvasive prenatal diagnosis and monitoring. Up to now, the lack of a fetal DNA marker that can be universally detected in maternal plasma has limited the clinical application of this technology. We hypothesized that epigenetic differences between the placenta and maternal blood cells could be used for developing such a marker. By using bisulfite DNA sequencing, the methylation status of the maspin gene promoter in placental tissues and paired maternal blood cells from pregnant women was analyzed. The maspin gene promoter was found to be hypomethylated in placental tissues and densely methylated in maternal blood cells. Genotyping of a single nucleotide polymorphism within the unmethylated maspin sequences in maternal plasma demonstrated that these sequences were derived from the fetus. By using real-time quantitative methylation-specific PCR, unmethylated maspin sequences were detected in maternal plasma in all three trimesters of pregnancy and were cleared within 24 h after delivery. The maternal plasma concentration of unmethylated maspin sequences was elevated by a median of 5.7 times in preeclamptic pregnancies compared with nonpreeclamptic pregnancies. Hypomethylated maspin DNA is the first universal marker for fetal DNA in maternal plasma, thus allowing the measurement of fetal DNA concentrations in pregnancy-associated disorders, irrespective of fetal gender and genetic polymorphisms. Differential DNA methylation between the placenta and maternal blood cells may be exploited to develop further markers for noninvasive prenatal assessment.</description><subject>Adult</subject><subject>Biological Sciences</subject><subject>Blood cells</subject><subject>Blood plasma</subject><subject>Cells</subject><subject>CpG Islands - genetics</subject><subject>Deoxyribonucleic acid</subject><subject>DNA</subject><subject>DNA - blood</subject><subject>DNA - metabolism</subject><subject>DNA Methylation</subject><subject>Epigenetics</subject><subject>Female</subject><subject>Fetus</subject><subject>Genes, Tumor Suppressor</subject><subject>Genetic Markers - genetics</subject><subject>Genetic Testing - methods</subject><subject>Genetics</subject><subject>Genotype</subject><subject>Genotypes</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Methylation</subject><subject>Placenta</subject><subject>Placenta - metabolism</subject><subject>Plasma</subject><subject>Polymerase chain reaction</subject><subject>Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide</subject><subject>Pregnancy</subject><subject>Prenatal Diagnosis</subject><subject>Promoter Regions, Genetic - genetics</subject><subject>Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction</subject><subject>Sequence Analysis, DNA</subject><subject>Serpins - blood</subject><subject>Serpins - genetics</subject><issn>0027-8424</issn><issn>1091-6490</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2005</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><recordid>eNqF0Utv1DAQAGALgehSOHNBKOKAxCHt-JHYviChUgpSK5CgZ2vq2Fuvsk6IHQT_Hke7dIFLTz7MN-N5EPKcwgkFyU_HiOkEGuCcNxTYA7KioGndCg0PyQqAyVoJJo7Ik5Q2AKAbBY_JEW0ZcK30ily_d9nZHIZYDb7Kt6760qN1MWNfnY9h7aLLwVZfwzpinif3R11hGkOsLkq8Ku8VZjfFklOy0xafkkce--Se7d9jcv3h_NvZx_ry88Wns3eXtW2YzjUyhoJ36IE1Hdyg6zxthdXgvWJoy1DFtai199op6WUrKErhOyUs77Tix-Ttru4432xdt_Q9YW_GKWxx-mUGDObfSAy3Zj38MJQ1vBGyFHi9LzAN32eXstmGZF3fY3TDnEyrWkVl2e99kAETVCla4Kv_4GaYl9UshgpQslnQ6Q7ZaUhpcv6uZQpmOaxZDmsOhy0ZL_-e9OD3lyyg2oMl81COGUENFbLhhby5hxg_9312P3OxL3Z2k_Iw3WFBBeflt9_Vm8D8</recordid><startdate>20051011</startdate><enddate>20051011</enddate><creator>Stephen S. 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C. Chim</au><au>Yu K. Tong</au><au>Rossa W. K. Chiu</au><au>Lau, Tze K.</au><au>Leung, Tse N.</au><au>Lisa Y. S. Chan</au><au>Cees B. M. Oudejans</au><au>Ding, Chunming</au><au>Y. M. Dennis Lo</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Detection of the Placental Epigenetic Signature of the Maspin Gene in Maternal Plasma</atitle><jtitle>Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences - PNAS</jtitle><addtitle>Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A</addtitle><date>2005-10-11</date><risdate>2005</risdate><volume>102</volume><issue>41</issue><spage>14753</spage><epage>14758</epage><pages>14753-14758</pages><issn>0027-8424</issn><eissn>1091-6490</eissn><abstract>The discovery of fetal DNA in the plasma of pregnant women has opened up new approaches for noninvasive prenatal diagnosis and monitoring. Up to now, the lack of a fetal DNA marker that can be universally detected in maternal plasma has limited the clinical application of this technology. 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source Jstor Complete Legacy; MEDLINE; PubMed Central; Alma/SFX Local Collection; Free Full-Text Journals in Chemistry
subjects Adult
Biological Sciences
Blood cells
Blood plasma
Cells
CpG Islands - genetics
Deoxyribonucleic acid
DNA
DNA - blood
DNA - metabolism
DNA Methylation
Epigenetics
Female
Fetus
Genes, Tumor Suppressor
Genetic Markers - genetics
Genetic Testing - methods
Genetics
Genotype
Genotypes
Humans
Methylation
Placenta
Placenta - metabolism
Plasma
Polymerase chain reaction
Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide
Pregnancy
Prenatal Diagnosis
Promoter Regions, Genetic - genetics
Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
Sequence Analysis, DNA
Serpins - blood
Serpins - genetics
title Detection of the Placental Epigenetic Signature of the Maspin Gene in Maternal Plasma
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